Exam 2 - Endocrine System - Specific Hormones Flashcards
The hypothalamus’s two main hormones
growth-hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and growth hormone inhibiting hormone (GHIH)
another name for growth hormone inhibiting hormone
somatostatin
these six hormones get released from the anterior pituitary
- growth
- prolactin (PRL)
- thyroid-stimulating (TSH)
- adrenocorticotropic (ACTH)
- follicle-stimulating hormones (FSH)
- luteinizing hormone (LH)
follicle-stimulating hormones (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) are types of
Gonadotropins
this hormone is the antagonist for ACTH
corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
this hormone sends signals to kidney to increase water retention, constricts blood vessels and is stored in the posterior pituitary
Antidiuretic hormones (ADH)
causes smooth muscle contraction in male and female reproductive tracts, milk ejection from mammary glands, stored in posterior pituitary
Oxytocin (OT)
these two hormones are stored in the posterior pituitary
Antidiuretic hormones (ADH), Oxytocin (OT)
this hormone stimulates cell division and speeds metabolism, and gets released due to chemicals in the blood
growth
this hormone promotes milk following birth
prolactin (PRL)
controls release of hormones from thyroid gland
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (thyrotropin or TSH)
these hormones control the release of certain hormones from adrenal cortex
Adrenocorticotropic hormones (ACTH)
this hormone contributes to egg and sperm development
follicle-stimulating hormones (FSH)
this hormone releases eggs from the ovaries
luteinizing hormone (LH)
this hormone is found in the thyroid and lowers blood levels for calcium and phosphate by promoting calcium deposition in bones
calcitonin
this is the antagonist to the parathyroid hormone
calcitonin
two types of thyroid hormone
Triiodothyronine (t3) Tetraiodothyronine (t4 or thyroxine)
is t3 or t4 more effective?
t3
these hormones increase rate at which cells release energy from carbs, increase rate of protein synthesis, and stimulates breakdown of lipids/fat; they also determine the a person’s BMR
t3 and t4
Gets secreted in response to low blood calcium levels - promotes resorption of calcium from bone tissue (inhibits blasts), increases resorption of calcium in kidneys, stimulates excretion of phosphate, stimulates calcitriol in kidneys (increases calcium absorption from small intestine)
PTH (parathyroid hormone)
the zona glomerulosa has electrolyte composition hormones, mostly ___
aldosterone
the zona fasciculata secretes these two hormones, which help in the metabolism of lipids and proteins, glucose level regulation, decreasing inflammation
cortisol and corticosterone
Zona reticularis produces these hormones
adrenal sex hormones
This is a major hormone that is not secreted from the hypothalamohypophysial portal system
ACTH
this hormone stimulates gluconeogenesis
cortisol
this hormone increases sodium content in blood
aldosterone
what is the target tissue of glucagon?
liver
main hormone responsible for maintaining pregnancy
progesterone
what does glucagon do?
stimulates liver to break down noncarbohydrates into glucose
what does insulin do?
stimulates cells to absorb glucose and amino acids from blood
what are the three hormones released by the thyroid?
t4, t3 and calcitonin
what is the function of the hormones found in the thyroid?
helps control metabolism, regulates blood calcium level and bone growth
how are t3 and t4 hormones regulated?
anterior pituitary - thyroid stimulating hormone
what stimulates calcitonin to be released?
calcium levels in the blood
what hormone does the parathyroid release?
parathyroid hormone
what stimulates the release of PTH?
levels of calcium in the blood
what are three major hormones found in the adrenal glands?
aldosterone
cortisol
adrenal androgens
what stimulates aldosterone to be released?
sodium and potassium concentrations in blood
how is cortisol regulated?
corticotropic-releasing hormone (CRH) from hypothalamus and ACTH from ant pituitary
how are adrenal androgens regulated?
ACTH from anterior pituitary
what do the hormones of the pancreas do?
control levels of glucose in the blood
regarding blood surgar levels, what are the two main hormones the pancreas produces?
insulin and glucagon
what prompts the release of glucagon and insulin?
glucose levels in the blood
