Respiratory System Flashcards
what is the function of respiratory system?
obtain O2 and get rid of CO2
what are the three stages of respiration?
external, internal and cellular
what is external respiration?
breathing - exchange between air and alveolar capillaries
what is internal respiration?
exchange of gases in blood and body cells
what is cellular respiration?
O2 usage within a cell and production of CO2 as waste
what organs are in the lower respiratory tract?
trachea, bronchial tree, lungs
where does the trachea split into right and left bronchi?
carnia
the inner wall of the trachea has __ cells with ___ that sweep particles up towards the pharynx
goblet; cilia
when the trachea splits at the carnia, it goes into two ___
bronchi
when the bronchi divide into smaller branches, those are called
bronchioles
pathway that leads to alveoli
alveolar duct
small air sacks in lungs that are the site of gas exchange
alveoli
bundle of alveolis
alveolar sac
in inhalation, oxygen goes from the ___ to the __, and Co2 flows in the opposite direction
alveoli; pulmonary capillary
in exhalation, oxygen goes from the ___ to the __, and Co2 flows in the opposite direction
capillaries; interstitial fluid
how many O2’s can one hemoglobin carry?
4
CO2 is often loses a ___ ion and becomes ____ for ease of transport, then gains it back to become CO2 again at the lungs
hydrogen; bicarbonate
the ____ lung is slightly smaller
left
the double membrane around the lung
pleura
the two layers of the pleura and their attachment points
visceral - lung
parietal - thoracic cavity
what is between the two pleural layers and what fills it? what is its function?
pleural cavity; serous fluid lubricates the layers
movement of air from outside body into bronchial tree/alveoli and back out
ventilation
in breathing, air moves from places of ____ pressure to ___ pressure
higher; lower
alveoli made of this type of epithelial cell
simple squamous
