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Anatomy and Physiology > Lymphatic System - Immunity and Cells > Flashcards

Lymphatic System - Immunity and Cells Flashcards

1
Q

disease-causing agents are also knowns as

A

pathogens

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2
Q

four types of pathogens

A
  1. bacteria
  2. virus
  3. fungi
  4. protozoans
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3
Q

what are the body’s two methods of fighting of pathogens?

A

innate and adaptive defenses

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4
Q

innate defense is (fast or slow) and (specific or not) to the disease

A

fast and not

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5
Q

adaptive defense if (fast or slow) and (specific or not) to the disease)

A

Fast; specific

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6
Q

species resistance is due to the following three:

A
  1. diff chemical environments
  2. diff body temps
  3. diff receptors
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7
Q

Innate defenses have ___ lines of defense

A

2

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8
Q

what are four example of mechanical barriers?

A

AKA boggy moat around castle

  1. skin
  2. hair
  3. mucus
  4. sweat
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9
Q

what are five examples of the body’s second line of defense?

A
  1. chemical barriers
  2. natural killer cells
  3. inflammation
  4. phagocytosis
  5. fever
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10
Q

what do chemical barriers do?

A

AKA - defenses along castle wall

destroy/block/call for aid

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11
Q

what does the acidic environment in gastric juice and enzymes in stomach and tears do and what line of defense are they?

A

destroy pathogens; 2nd

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12
Q

what do interferons do and what line of defense are they?

A

block viral replication and slow growth; 2nd

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13
Q

what is complement, what does it do and what line of defense are they?

A

group of plasma proteins, stimulates inflammation and enhances phagocytosis, 2nd

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14
Q

what do NK cells do, what do they attack and what line of defense are they?

A

AKA archers

secrete perforins which cut cell membranes; attack viruses and cancer cells; 2nd

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15
Q

what happens in phagocytosis and what line of defense is it?

A

AKA monster mash

“smell” injured cells and are attracted to them via chemotaxis, then nom nom; 2nd

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16
Q

what is the system of neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages working together to perform phagocytosis called?

A

mononuclear phagocytic system AKA reticuloendothelial system

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17
Q

what 3 things happen in reaction to a fever and what line of defense is it?

A

internal temp higher, which means:

1) harder for pathogens to reproduce
2) liver/spleen retain more iron, which is bad for fungi and bacteria
3) phagocytic cells attack with more rigor

2nd line of defense

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18
Q

what are the two types of adaptive defense?

A

cellular immune response and humoral immune response

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19
Q

where are lymphocytes first produced?

A

bone marrow

20
Q

some lymphocytes stay in the bone marrow and become ____ cells and some lymphocytes go to the thymus to become ____ cells

A

B; T

21
Q

what are the three types of T cells?

A

helper, cytotoxic and memory

22
Q

what is the difference in approach between T and B cells when it comes to immune response?

A

T attack directly (bounty hunter), B produce antibodies, which then attack (generals)

23
Q

How are T cells activated?

A

AKA informant

antigen-presenting cells (APC) sense the pathogen and inform the T cells

24
Q

what is another name for immunity provided by T cells?

A

cell-mediated immunity

25
Q

what is another name for immunity provided by B cells?

A

humoral or antibody-mediated immunity

26
Q

how are B cells activated?

A

coming into contact with antigen or getting activated by helper cell; they then transform into antibody-producing cells (plasma cell)

27
Q

what percentage of circulating lymphocytes are T cells?

A

70-80%

28
Q

what percentage of circulating lymphocytes are B cells?

A

20-30%

29
Q

This type of T cell stimulates B cells to produce antibodies against the antigen

A

helper

30
Q

this type of T cells patrol the body’s cells, recognizing and attacking cancer and virus-infected cells

A

cytotoxic

31
Q

this type of T cell divides to produce a large number of cytotoxic t cells in order to provide a quick immune response

A

memory

32
Q

what happens when a helper T cell finds a B cell that has already bonded to an antigen?

A

releases cytokines that activate and cause it to clone

33
Q

these B cells stay dormant until they encounter an antigen they’ve seen in the past

A

memory B cell

34
Q

these types of cells, which where originally B cells, secrete antibodies

A

plasma cells

35
Q

what are the 5 major types of antibodies

A

EGAD(m)!

36
Q

This antibody is found in exocrine gland secretions

A

IgA

37
Q

This antibody is found in tissue fluid and plasma, activates complement, and defends against everything but protozoans

A

aka - g = group (complement)

IgG

38
Q

This antibody is found in plasma when food antigens or bacteria or there, activates complement and can react during blood transfusions because of its anti-a and b antibodies

A

igM

39
Q

This antibody functions in B cell activation

A

IgD

40
Q

This antibody is found on the surfaces of basophil and mast cells and is associated with allergic reactions

A

IgE

41
Q

what is the difference between a primary and secondary immune response

A

primary is the first encounter with an antigen, secondary is a subsequent encounter with same antigen

42
Q

How long does it take for antibodies to appear in plasma after exposure during a primary immune response?

A

5-10 days

43
Q

How long does it take for antibodies to appear in plasma after exposure during a secondary immune response?

A

1-2 days

44
Q

How long can memory B cells live?

A

years

45
Q

when someone has antibodies that fight against their own body’s antigens, those are called

A

autoantibodies

46
Q
A

Anatomy and Physiology (31 decks)

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