Lymphatic System - Immunity and Cells

Question 1

disease-causing agents are also knowns as

Answer 1

pathogens

Question 2

four types of pathogens

Answer 2

1. bacteria
2. virus
3. fungi
4. protozoans

Question 3

what are the body’s two methods of fighting of pathogens?

Answer 3

innate and adaptive defenses

Question 4

innate defense is (fast or slow) and (specific or not) to the disease

Answer 4

fast and not

Question 5

adaptive defense if (fast or slow) and (specific or not) to the disease)

Answer 5

Fast; specific

Question 6

species resistance is due to the following three:

Answer 6

1. diff chemical environments
2. diff body temps
3. diff receptors

Question 7

Innate defenses have ___ lines of defense

Answer 7

2

Question 8

what are four example of mechanical barriers?

Answer 8

AKA boggy moat around castle

1. skin
2. hair
3. mucus
4. sweat

Question 9

what are five examples of the body’s second line of defense?

Answer 9

1. chemical barriers
2. natural killer cells
3. inflammation
4. phagocytosis
5. fever

Question 10

what do chemical barriers do?

Answer 10

AKA - defenses along castle wall

destroy/block/call for aid

Question 11

what does the acidic environment in gastric juice and enzymes in stomach and tears do and what line of defense are they?

Answer 11

destroy pathogens; 2nd

Question 12

what do interferons do and what line of defense are they?

Answer 12

block viral replication and slow growth; 2nd

Question 13

what is complement, what does it do and what line of defense are they?

Answer 13

group of plasma proteins, stimulates inflammation and enhances phagocytosis, 2nd

Question 14

what do NK cells do, what do they attack and what line of defense are they?

Answer 14

AKA archers

secrete perforins which cut cell membranes; attack viruses and cancer cells; 2nd

Question 15

what happens in phagocytosis and what line of defense is it?

Answer 15

AKA monster mash

“smell” injured cells and are attracted to them via chemotaxis, then nom nom; 2nd

Question 16

what is the system of neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages working together to perform phagocytosis called?

Answer 16

mononuclear phagocytic system AKA reticuloendothelial system

Question 17

what 3 things happen in reaction to a fever and what line of defense is it?

Answer 17

internal temp higher, which means:

1) harder for pathogens to reproduce
2) liver/spleen retain more iron, which is bad for fungi and bacteria
3) phagocytic cells attack with more rigor

2nd line of defense

Question 18

what are the two types of adaptive defense?

Answer 18

cellular immune response and humoral immune response

Question 19

where are lymphocytes first produced?

Answer 19

bone marrow

Question 20

some lymphocytes stay in the bone marrow and become ____ cells and some lymphocytes go to the thymus to become ____ cells

Answer 20

B; T

Question 21

what are the three types of T cells?

Answer 21

helper, cytotoxic and memory

Question 22

what is the difference in approach between T and B cells when it comes to immune response?

Answer 22

T attack directly (bounty hunter), B produce antibodies, which then attack (generals)

Question 23

How are T cells activated?

Answer 23

AKA informant

antigen-presenting cells (APC) sense the pathogen and inform the T cells

Question 24

what is another name for immunity provided by T cells?

Answer 24

cell-mediated immunity

Question 25

what is another name for immunity provided by B cells?

Answer 25

humoral or antibody-mediated immunity

Question 26

how are B cells activated?

Answer 26

coming into contact with antigen or getting activated by helper cell; they then transform into antibody-producing cells (plasma cell)

Question 27

what percentage of circulating lymphocytes are T cells?

Answer 27

70-80%

Question 28

what percentage of circulating lymphocytes are B cells?

Answer 28

20-30%

Question 29

This type of T cell stimulates B cells to produce antibodies against the antigen

Answer 29

helper

Question 30

this type of T cells patrol the body's cells, recognizing and attacking cancer and virus-infected cells

Answer 30

cytotoxic

Question 31

this type of T cell divides to produce a large number of cytotoxic t cells in order to provide a quick immune response

Answer 31

memory

Question 32

what happens when a helper T cell finds a B cell that has already bonded to an antigen?

Answer 32

releases cytokines that activate and cause it to clone

Question 33

these B cells stay dormant until they encounter an antigen they've seen in the past

Answer 33

memory B cell

Question 34

these types of cells, which where originally B cells, secrete antibodies

Answer 34

plasma cells

Question 35

what are the 5 major types of antibodies

Answer 35

EGAD(m)!

Question 36

This antibody is found in exocrine gland secretions

Answer 36

IgA

Question 37

This antibody is found in tissue fluid and plasma, activates complement, and defends against everything but protozoans

Answer 37

aka - g = group (complement) IgG

Question 38

This antibody is found in plasma when food antigens or bacteria or there, activates complement and can react during blood transfusions because of its anti-a and b antibodies

Answer 38

igM

Question 39

This antibody functions in B cell activation

Answer 39

IgD

Question 40

This antibody is found on the surfaces of basophil and mast cells and is associated with allergic reactions

Answer 40

IgE

Question 41

what is the difference between a primary and secondary immune response

Answer 41

primary is the first encounter with an antigen, secondary is a subsequent encounter with same antigen

Question 42

How long does it take for antibodies to appear in plasma after exposure during a primary immune response?

Answer 42

5-10 days

Question 43

How long does it take for antibodies to appear in plasma after exposure during a secondary immune response?

Answer 43

1-2 days

Question 44

How long can memory B cells live?

Answer 44

years

Question 45

when someone has antibodies that fight against their own body's antigens, those are called

Answer 45

autoantibodies