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Anatomy and Physiology > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

study of structure (morphology) of body part

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2
Q

Physiology

A

study functions of body parts and how they interact

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3
Q

Smallest organism that shows characteristics of life

A

Cell

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4
Q

Homeostasis

A

body’s ability to maintain a relatively stable environment

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5
Q

Examples of positive feedback

A

pregnancy, blood clotting

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6
Q

Example of negative feedback

A

Body temp - rises –> sweat glands produce sweat

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7
Q

Two major body cavities

A

Dorsal and ventral

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8
Q

What are the two parts of the dorsal cavity?

A

cranial cavity and spinal cavity (vertebral canal)

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9
Q

What are the two parts of the ventral cavity?

A

thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity

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10
Q

What organ(s) are in the cranial cavity?

A

Brain

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11
Q

What organ(s) are in the spinal cavity?

A

spinal cord

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12
Q

What organ(s) are in the abdominopelvic cavity?

A

stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, spleen, reproductive organs, bladder, rectum

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13
Q

What organ(s) are in the thoracic cavity?

A

lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea

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14
Q

What are the 11 body systems

A
  1. Integumentary
  2. Skeletal
  3. Muscular
  4. Nervous
  5. Endocrine
  6. Cardiovascular
  7. Lymphatic
  8. Digestive
  9. Respiratory
  10. Urinary
  11. Reproductive
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15
Q

Skeletal system - job and organs?

A
  1. bones, ligaments, cartilages
  2. supports and protects soft tissues, provides framework/attachment points, stores inorganic salts, houses tissues that produce blood cells
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16
Q

Integumentary system - job and organs?

A
  1. skin, hair, nails
  2. protects underlying tissues, helps regulate temp, senses lots of things, synthesizes certain products
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17
Q

Muscular system - job and organs?

A
  1. includes skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscles
  2. provides body mvt and posture, major source of heat
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18
Q

Nervous system - job and organs?

A
  1. includes brain, spinal cord, nerves
  2. job is to get sensory info, analyze and decide response
  3. communication from cells through chemical signals called neurotransmitters
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19
Q

Endocrine system - job and organs?

A
  1. hypothalamus, pituitary, glands, and hormones
  2. Hormones affect group of cells called target cells; alters their metabolism
  3. Also regulates the body, but more long-term than short-term
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20
Q

Cardiovascular system - job and organs?

A
  1. heart, blood vessels, blood
  2. transportation - distributes O2, CO2, nutrients, hormones and removes wastes from cells
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21
Q

Lymphatic system - job and organs?

A
  1. immunity and fluid balance
  2. Lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, thymus, spleen
  3. Drains tissue fluid and returns to blood steam
  4. Use lymphocytes - type of white blood cells used to defend body against infection
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22
Q

Digestive system- job and organs?

A
  1. Receives, breaks down and absorbs nutrients, excretes waste
  2. Mouth, stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas
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23
Q

Respiratory system - job and organs?

A
  1. Moves air in and out of lungs, exchanges O2, CO2 between blood and air
  2. Lungs, trachea, bronchi
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24
Q

Urinary system - job and organs?

A
  1. Job is to remove waste from blood and help to maintain water and electrolyte balance
  2. Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra
  3. Produces, stores, and eliminates urine
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25
Q

Reproductive system - job and organs?

A

sex organs - produces gametes, reproduction

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26
Q

a body plane where you divide the right side from the left

A

sagittal

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27
Q

a body plan where you divide the front half (anterior) part of body from posterior part

A

frontal or coronal

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28
Q

a body plane where you divide horizontally

A

transverse

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29
Q
A

integumentary system

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30
Q
A

nervous system

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31
Q
A

lymphatic system

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32
Q

in which quadrant(s) is the liver?

A

RUQ and LUQ

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33
Q

in which quadrant(s) is the gallbladder?

A

RUQ

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34
Q

in which quadrant(s) are the kidneys?

A

all

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35
Q

in which quadrant(s) is the pancreas?

A

RUQ and LUQ

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36
Q

in which quadrant(s) is the duodenum?

A

RUQ

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37
Q

in which quadrant(s) is the stomach?

A

LUQ

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38
Q

in which quadrant(s) is the spleen?

A

LUQ

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39
Q

in which quadrant(s) is the appendix?

A

RLQ

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40
Q

in which quadrant(s) is the colon?

A

RLQ, LLQ

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41
Q

what is the function of the nucleus?

A

directs cell activities (ie growth, metabolism, reproduction)

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42
Q

3 parts of animal cells

A
  1. membrane (plasma membrane, outer wall)
  2. cytoplasm (holds organelles, downtown)
  3. nucleus (holds genetic material, control center)
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43
Q

What does nucleolus look like?

A

avocado pit

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44
Q

what is inside the nucleus?

A

DNA

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45
Q

what is the function of the mitochondria?

A

powerhouse of the cell - cellular respiration; ATP made from glucose and O2

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46
Q

What does the mitochondria look like?

A
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47
Q

Ribosomes are connected to

A

the endoplasmic reticulum

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48
Q

What does the endoplasmic reticulum look like?

A
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49
Q

what is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A

protein synthesis and transport

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50
Q

what is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

A

lipid synthesis, detoxification, calcium storage

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51
Q

Which ER has ribosomes?

A

Rough

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52
Q

what is the function of ribosomes?

A

site of protein synthesis where amino acids made into polypeptide chains

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53
Q

What does the golgi apparatus look like?

A
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54
Q

What are three things the golgi apparatus does to proteins?

A
  1. modify
  2. package
  3. transport
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55
Q

What do lysosomes look like?

A
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56
Q

What are three functions of lysosomes?

A

Hungry hungry hippos!

  1. break down waste materials
  2. get rid of cellular debris
  3. break down foreign invaders
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57
Q

what are three functions of the cytoskeleton?

A
  1. structural support
  2. maintains shape of cell
  3. helps facilitate cell mvt
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58
Q

What are two functions of centrioles?

A
  1. Hold chromosomes in place during cell division
  2. Deliver chromosomes to new cell
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59
Q

Plasma membrane is made of a bilayer of ____

A

phospholipids

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60
Q

What are the two functions of the plasma membrane?

A
  1. cell to cell recognition, adhesion and communication
  2. customs - controls passage of materials in and out of cells
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61
Q

what are 7 main types of organelles?

A
  1. Ribosomes
  2. Endoplasmic reticulum
  3. Golgi apparatus
  4. Mitochondria
  5. Lysosomes
  6. Cytoskeleton
  7. Centrioles
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62
Q

Four major tissues in body

A
  1. Muscle
  2. Connective
  3. Epithelial
  4. Nervous
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63
Q

What are three functions of epithelial tissues

A

Three s’s (remember: snake skin!)

  1. Shield
  2. Secrete (and absorb)
  3. Sense
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64
Q

in which three places can epithelial tissues be found?

A
  1. covering body surfaces
  2. lining cavities/organs
  3. forming glands
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65
Q

What are four physical traits of epithelial tissues?

A

Onions

  1. LAYERS - have one or more layers of tightly-packed cells
  2. COMPACT - joined by junctions, provide good layer
  3. NO BLOOD - No blood vessels
  4. NERVES - Lots of nerves
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66
Q

in which two ways are epithelial tissues classified?

A

shape and arrangement

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67
Q

what are the three different types of shapes epithelial tissues can be?

A

squamous, cuboidal, columnar

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68
Q

what are the three types of ways epithelial tissue can be arranged?

A

simple, stratified, pseudostratified

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69
Q

Where is pseudostratified epithelial tissue?

A

Trachea

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70
Q

5 functions of connective tissues

A

Spiderwebs

  1. Structural support
  2. Bind structures together
  3. Fills space
  4. Insulate
  5. Transports materials
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71
Q

6 examples of connective tissues

A
  1. Bone
  2. cartilage
  3. ligaments
  4. tendons
  5. blood
  6. adipose tissue
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72
Q

What does connective tissue look like?

A
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73
Q

What are two main characteristics of connective tissue?

A
  1. have extracellular matrix
  2. have blood/blood vessels (except cartilage and tendons)
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74
Q

What is ECM?

A

content between connective tissue cells formed by ground substance and protein fibers

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75
Q

3 types of muscle tissue

A

Smooth, cardiac or skeletal

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76
Q

muscle tissue are made of long __ __ and specialized for ____

A

muscle fibers; specialized for contraction

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77
Q

what are the three function of skeletal muscle?

A

voluntary mvt
posture
heat generation

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78
Q

what is the function of cardiac muscle?

A

involuntary contraction of heart

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79
Q

what is the function of smooth muscle?

A

involuntary mvt of internal organs

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80
Q

what does nervous tissue do?

A

-conduct impulses that help control and coordinate body activities
-allows cognition

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81
Q

Skin’s two layers (and honorary layer)

A

Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous/hypodermis

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82
Q

What type/shape of cells is the epidermis made of?

A

stratified squamous epithelium

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83
Q

How many layers does the epidermis usually have? How many does it have in thick skin?

A

4; 5

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84
Q

what type of epidermal layer is only in thick skin?

A

Stratum lucidum

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85
Q

what layer of the epidermis has blood vessels and acts as stem cells to create new cells?

A

stratum basale

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86
Q

which layer of the epidermis is the most superficial and only has flattened keratinized cells?

A

stratum corneum

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87
Q

which middle layer of the epidermis starts to form keratin?

A

stratum granulosum

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88
Q

in which layer of the epidermis to the cells start to flatten?

A

stratum spinosum

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89
Q

most of the epidermis does not have ____ and gets nourishment from the dermis

A

blood vessels

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90
Q

what glands exist in the dermis?

A

sweat and sebaceous

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91
Q

what five things are in the dermis

A
  1. connective tissue
  2. hair follicles
  3. glands
  4. nerves
  5. blood vessels
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92
Q

Another name of subcutaneous layer

A

hypodermis

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93
Q

three functions of hypodermis

A

Ics

  1. insulates body heat
  2. provides cushioning
  3. stores energy reserves
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94
Q

what is the hypodermis made of?

A

loose connective tissue and fat cells

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95
Q

4 functions of epidermis

A

BPDs

  1. waterproof barrier
  2. protects against pathogens
  3. synthesizes vitamin D
  4. skin tone/pigmentation
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96
Q

5 functions of dermis

A

TNsssssss

  1. supports epidermis
  2. structure and flexibility
  3. sensory receptors
  4. regulates temp
  5. nourishes epidermis
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97
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A
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98
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99
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100
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101
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102
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103
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104
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105
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106
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107
Q
A
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109
Q

what do smooth muscle tissues look like?

110
Q

what does cardiac muscle tissue look like?

111
Q

which muscular types have striations?

A

skeletal and cardiac

112
Q

where are skeletal muscles found?

A

attached to bones by tendons

113
Q

what 3 things are smooth muscles regulated by?

A
  1. nervous system
  2. hormones
  3. local factors
114
Q

what is the function of smooth muscles?

A

regulates organ functions

115
Q

Trapezius

116
Q

Pectoralis major

117
Q

Latissmus dorsi

118
Q

Rectus abdominis

119
Q

Ab muscles

A

rectus abdominus

120
Q

External abdominal oblique

121
Q

erector spinae

122
Q

Bicep brachii

123
Q

Tricep brachii

124
Q

shoulder cap muscle

125
Q

Brachialis

126
Q

what are the four muscles of the quadriceps

A

Vastus lateralis, Rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, Vastus medialis

127
Q

Rectus femoris

128
Q

what are the three hamstring muscles?

A

Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus

129
Q

Biceps femoris

130
Q

Semitendinosus

131
Q

Semimembranosus

132
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

Medial side

133
Q

Soleus

134
Q

Three functions of nervous system

A
  1. Sense/process
  2. Integrate
  3. Motor/Effect
135
Q

What are the three layers of the meninges and where are they?

A
  1. dura matter (outermost - attached to skull)
  2. arachnoid matter
  3. pia matter (deepest - attached to brain)
136
Q

Two types of nervous system and their body parts

A
  1. Central (CNS) - brain and spinal cord
  2. Peripheral (PNS) - cranial nerves and spinal nerves
137
Q

Two subdivisions of PNS

A

Sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent)

138
Q

Function of PNS

A

send sensory info to CNS and then commands from CNS to body

139
Q

bundle of nerves that connects the two hemispheres of the cerebrum

A

corpus callosum

140
Q

the _____ lobe houses motor areas for speech, judgement and problem-solving

141
Q

this part of the brain is responsible for interpreting sensory input

A

parietal lobe (cerebrum)

142
Q

the _____ lobe deals with memory, emotion, balance, and interprets sensory information from the ears

143
Q

3 parts of brainstem from superior to inferior

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata

144
Q

What is the primary function of the brainstem?

A

regulates visceral activities

145
Q

two important parts of the diencephalon

A

thalamus and hypothalamus

146
Q

this part of the brain sorts and directs most sensory info to the cerebral cortex

147
Q

What is the endocrine system’s main job?

A

maintain homeostasis

148
Q

Master control system of endocrine system

A

Hypothalamus

149
Q

What are the five main glands of the endocrine system?

A
  1. pituitary
  2. thyroid
  3. parathyroid
  4. adrenal
  5. pancreas
150
Q

series of four glands on the posterior side of the thyroid

A

parathyroid

151
Q

these glands are attached to the superior part of the kidney

A

Adrenal glands/superenal

152
Q

where is the pancreas?

A

deep to the stomach

153
Q

these six hormones get released from the anterior pituitary

A
  1. growth
  2. prolactin (PRL)
  3. thyroid-stimulating (TSH)
  4. adrenocorticotropic (ACTH)
  5. follicle-stimulating hormones (FSH)
  6. luteinizing hormone (LH)
154
Q

these two hormones are stored in the posterior pituitary

A

Antidiuretic hormones (ADH), Oxytocin (OT)

155
Q

this hormone stimulates cell division and speeds metabolism, and gets released due to chemicals in the blood

156
Q

this hormone promotes milk following birth

A

prolactin (PRL)

157
Q

controls release of hormones from thyroid gland

A

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (thyrotropin or TSH)

158
Q

these hormones control the release of certain hormones from adrenal cortex

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormones (ACTH)

159
Q

this hormone contributes to egg and sperm development

A

follicle-stimulating hormones (FSH)

160
Q

this hormone releases eggs from the ovaries

A

luteinizing hormone (LH)

161
Q

what are the three hormones active in the thyroid gland?

A

t3, t4 and calcitonin

162
Q

this hormone is found in the thyroid and lowers blood levels for calcium and phosphate by promoting calcium deposition in bones

A

calcitonin

163
Q

these hormones increase rate at which cells release energy from carbs, increase rate of protein synthesis, and stimulates breakdown of lipids/fat; they also determine the a person’s BMR

164
Q

the only hormone of note in the parathyroid

A

parathyroid hormone

165
Q

Gets secreted in response to low blood calcium levels - promotes resorption of calcium from bone tissue (inhibits blasts), increases resorption of calcium in kidneys, stimulates excretion of phosphate, stimulates calcitriol in kidneys (increases calcium absorption from small intestine)

A

PTH (parathyroid hormone)

166
Q

this hormone is the antagonist for ACTH

A

corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)

167
Q

this is the antagonist to the parathyroid hormone

A

calcitonin

168
Q

the adrenal glands are composed of an outer ____ and an inner ___

A

adrenal cortex; medulla

169
Q

what does the ADH hormone do?

A

regulates water balance via kidneys

170
Q

which two hormones are found in the adrenal cortex?

A

cortisol and aldosterone

171
Q

what does cortisol do?

A

regulates metabolism, immune responses and stress responses

172
Q

what does aldosterone do?

A

regulates sodium and potassium levels which influences blood pressure

173
Q

which two hormones are found in the adrenal medulla?

A

epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine

174
Q

what do epinephrine and norepinephrine do?

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic impulses that influence heart rate, blood pressure, glucose levels

175
Q

what two main hormones are found in the pancreas?

A

insulin and glucagon

176
Q

what does insulin do?

A

lower blood glucose levels by stimulating cells to absorb it and stimulating storage of glucose and glycogen

177
Q

what does glucagon do?

A

raises blood glucose levels by stimulating glycogen breakdown and glucose release from liver?

178
Q

what is the antagonist to insulin?

179
Q

what is the anatomical name for red blood cells?

A

erythrocyte

180
Q

two main parts of blood and their respective percentages

A

formed elements (45%), plasma (55%)

181
Q

Three functions of blood

A
  1. TRANSPORT of nutrients, hormones, gasses and wastes
  2. MAINTAIN homeostasis via regulation of pH, temp and fluid balance
  3. PROTECTION via fighting infection and blood clots
182
Q

three parts of formed elements and their percentages

A
  1. red blood cells (95.1%)
  2. white blood cells (.1%)
  3. platelets (4.8%)
183
Q

what is the purpose of red blood cells?

A

gas transport

184
Q

At a cellular level, what are platelets?

A

not complete cells; pieces of megakaryocytes, do not have nucleus

185
Q

function of platelets

A

blood clotting

186
Q

what are the two primary components of plasma and their respective percentages?

A

water - 92%
proteins - 7%

187
Q

what are the six minor components of plasma?

A

Electric vehicles giving hella new world

electrolytes
waste
nutrients
vitamins
hormones
gasses

188
Q

what are the three functions of plasma?

A
  1. transport nutrients and gasses
  2. regulate fluid and electrolyte balance
  3. maintain pH
189
Q

the covering of the heart is called the

A

pericardium

190
Q

two layers of the pericardium

A

fibrous and serous

191
Q

what are the three parts of the serous pericardium from superficial to deep?

A

parietal pericardium
pericardial cavity
visceral pericardium

192
Q

this layer of pericardium is also the outermost layer of the heart wall

A

visceral/epicardium

193
Q

3 layers of heart wall from superficial to deep

A
  1. epicardium
  2. myocardium
  3. endocardium
194
Q

what is the endocardium made of?

A

connective tissue and epithelium

196
Q

these first branches of the aorta go back to the heart to supply it with blood

A

right and left coronary arteries

197
Q

these drain deoxygenated blood from inside the heart into the coronary sinus, which empties into the right atrium

A

coronary veins

198
Q

Cardiac cycle made of two alternating states, __ and __

A

systole; diastole

199
Q

What is happening during the first heart sound?

A

Ventricular systole - AV valves close

200
Q

What is happening during the second heart sound?

A

Semilunar valves close

201
Q

3 parts of ECG

A
  1. P wave
  2. QRS complex
  3. T wave
202
Q

In this section of an ECG, the atria depolarize

203
Q

In this part of an ECG, the ventricles repolarize

204
Q

O2-rich blood returns to left atrium via

A

pulmonary veins

205
Q

pulmonary arteries have what type of blood?

206
Q

what are the body’s two methods of fighting of pathogens?

A

innate and adaptive defenses

207
Q

Innate defenses have ___ lines of defense

208
Q

what are four example of mechanical barriers?

A

AKA boggy moat around castle

  1. skin
  2. hair
  3. mucus
  4. sweat
209
Q

what are five examples of the body’s second line of defense?

A
  1. chemical barriers
  2. natural killer cells
  3. inflammation
  4. phagocytosis
  5. fever
210
Q

what are the two types of adaptive defense?

A

cellular immune response and humoral immune response

211
Q

innate defenses are ____ but not ___

A

fast; specific

212
Q

adaptive defense are ___ but _____

A

slower; specific

213
Q

what is the difference in approach between T and B cells when it comes to immune response?

A

T attack directly (bounty hunter), B produce antibodies, which then attack (generals)

214
Q

What are the four main functions of the digestive system?

A
  1. mechanical digestion
  2. chemical digestion
  3. absorption
  4. propulsion and elimination
215
Q

type of digestion breaks down large pieces of food into smaller

A

mechanical

216
Q

type of digestion breaks chemical bonds and thereby breaks down large nutrients into smaller ones

217
Q

in the digestive system, what is absorption?

A

nutrients passing from the digestive tract into the bloodstream

218
Q

enzyme that begins to break down starch in saliva

219
Q

what is the function of the stomach?

A

stores and mixes food with gastric juice

220
Q

the stomach begins the digestion of _____ through ____ and ____

A

proteins; hydrochloric acid; pepsin

221
Q

what is the function of the small intestine?

A

mixes food with bile and pancreatic juice and is main site of nutrient absorption

222
Q

what are the three sections of the small intestine?

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

223
Q

what is the function of the large intestine?

A

absorbs water and vitamins and pushes stool out of body

224
Q

what are four functions of the liver?

A
  1. produces bile for digestion
  2. detoxifies blood
  3. synthesizes proteins
  4. stores vitamins and minerals
225
Q

what is the main function of the pancreas in digestion? What does this action result in?

A

secreting digestive juice, which helps with breakdown of carbs, proteins and fats

226
Q

other than secreting pancreatic juice, what does the pancreas do?

A

produces insulin and glucagon

227
Q

what does the gallbladder do?

A

stores and concentrates bile

228
Q

what are the five functions of the respiratory system?

A
  1. gas exchange btwn body and environment
  2. ventilation - process of breathing
  3. pH - bicarbonate related to Co2 levels in blood
  4. smell by directing air molecules
  5. sound production by providing air for larynx
229
Q

what are the five main structures of the nose?

A
  1. nostrils
  2. nasal cavity
  3. olfactory receptors
  4. septum
  5. paranasal sinuses
230
Q

what is the function of the nasal cavity and what is it lined with?

A

warms and humidifies air; lined with mucous membrane

231
Q

where are the olfactory receptors and what is their function?

A

upper nasal cavity; responsible for sense of smell

232
Q

what is the function of the nasal septum?

A

divides into two chambers

233
Q

what are the 3 functions of the paranasal sinuses?

A
  1. lighten skull
  2. produce mucous
  3. regulate pressure in head
234
Q

where are the paranasal sinuses?

A

adjacent to the nasal cavity

235
Q

the double membrane around the lung

236
Q

the two layers of the pleura and their attachment points

A

visceral - lung
parietal - thoracic cavity

237
Q

Four functions of urinary system

A
  1. FILTRATION - removes metabolic waste from blood
  2. FLUIDS - maintain normal level of fluid and electrolytes, affects blood pressure
  3. pH - controls secretion of H+ and bicarbonate which controls pH of blood
  4. HORMONES - regulates red blood cell production and renin (blood pressure)
238
Q

where do kidneys get their blood supply from?

A

abdominal aorta via right and left renal arteries

239
Q

where does blood leave the kidneys after filtration?

A

via right and left renal veins, drain into inferior vena cava (IVC)

240
Q

outer layer of the kidney and what it has

A

renal cortex; tons of nephrons

241
Q

inner layer of the kidney and what it contains

A

renal medulla; collecting ducts that drain from nephrons

242
Q

what is the final draining point of the kidneys before the ureter?

A

renal pelvis

243
Q

what is the functional unit of the kidneys?

244
Q

two parts of a nephron

A

renal corpuscle and renal tubules

245
Q

two parts of renal corpuscle

A
  1. glomerulus (blood vessels)
  2. glomerular capsule (surrounds blood vessels)
246
Q

this part of nephron filters waste products and toxins from the blood

A

glomerulus

247
Q

what part of a nephron reabsorbs water, electrolytes and other essential substances after the glomerulus filters them out?

A

renal tubule

248
Q

where are the testes and what do they do?

A

oval-shaped organs in the scrotum; produce sperm

249
Q

what are they two main structures in the testes?

A
  1. seminiferous tubules
  2. leydig cells
250
Q

what do seminiferous tubules do?

A

produce sperm

251
Q

what do leydig cells do?

A

produce testosterone

252
Q

what is the function of the scrotum?

A

keeps testes at good temp for sperm production

253
Q

where is the epididymis and what is its function?

A

back of each testis, stores sperm cells as they mature and learn how to swim

254
Q

what is the vas deferens?

A

long, muscular tube that carries sperm from epididymis to ejaculatory duct

255
Q

where are the seminal vesicles and what do they do?

A

two glands near base of bladder; produce fructose-rich fluid that nourishes and protects sperm during ejaculation

256
Q

where is the prostate gland and what does it do?

A

below bladder (shaped like walnut); contributes to semen - helps sperm move, neutralize acidity in vagina and nourishes sperm

258
Q

what are the 2 functions of the ovaries?

A
  1. produce and store egg cells
  2. release hormones
259
Q

which hormones do the ovaries release?

A

estrogen and progesterone

260
Q

What is the function of the fallopian tubes?

A

capture released egg during ovulation and provide pathway for sperm reaching egg

261
Q

finger-like projections at end of fallopian tubes that help capture egg

262
Q

what two organs is the uterus between?

A

bladder and rectum

263
Q

what are the three layers of the uterus wall?

A
  1. endometrium (inner)
  2. myometrium (middle)
  3. perimetrium (outer)
264
Q

which layer of the uterus thickens with blood vessels in preparation for pregnancy and then sheds during menstruation?

A

endometrium

265
Q

which layer of the uterus is responsible for uterine contractions?

A

myometrium

266
Q

lower end of uterus that projects into vagina

267
Q

the ____ of the cervix dilates during childbirth to allow the baby to pass

268
Q

the ___ is covered in a mucosal membrane; the amount of mucous changes throughout the menstrual cycle, which affects sperm passage

Anatomy and Physiology (31 decks)

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