Integumentary System Flashcards
4 functions of integumentary system?
- Sensory organ - helps us sense temperature, pain, pressure
- Critical part of homeostasis
- Resistance from trauma/infection, barrier from water and UV rays, chemicals, poisons
- Produce vitamin D
what type of fibers anchor skin to underlying tissues?
Collagen fibers
Skin’s two layers (and honorary layer)
Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous/hypodermis
What type/shape of cells is the epidermis made of?
stratified squamous epithelium
How many layers does the epidermis usually have? How many does it have in thick skin?
4; 5
what type of epidermal layer is only in thick skin?
Stratum lucidum
what is the layer of the epidermis that connects to the dermis?
the basement layer
what layer of the epidermis has blood vessels and acts as stem cells to create new cells?
stratum basale
what is the process of old basal cells migrating towards the top layer, hardening and dehydrating called?
keratinization
what cell synthesizes melanin and shield the body from UV rays?
melanocytes
what glands exist in the dermis?
sweat and sebaceous
what five things are the dermis made of?
connective tissue, hair follicles, glands, nerves, blood vessels
what is the primary function of the dermis
binds epidermis to underlying tissues
what tissue in the subcutaneous layer insulates body heat
adipose
what tissues is the subcutaneous layer made of
adipose and areolar
Another name of subcutaneous layer
hypodermis
three functions of hypodermis
- insulates body heat
- provides cushioning
- stores energy reserves
what is the actual nail called
nail plate
where does the nail plate rest?
nail bed
three parts of hair follicles
- bulb
- root
- shaft
what is responsible for hair color?
melanin or lack thereof
what glands moisturizes and waterproofs hair shafts?
sebaceous
what are the two types of sweat glands
eccrine and apocrine
eccrine glands
sweat glands that release water product in response to temperature
these glands activate and puberty and cause body odor
apocrine
glands are made of this type of tissue
epithelial
two big types of glands
exocrine
endocrine
these glands release produce on skin’s surface
exocrine
these glands are also known as ductless glands
endocrine
these glands release product directly into bodily fluid
endocrine
a gland that is both exocrine and endocrine, and an example of one
mixed gland; pancreas
maintenance of normal body temp called
thermoregulation
when core temp drops, these three steps can happen
- blood vessels constrict to keep blood near core
- hair stands up to trap warm air
- shivering
when core body temp is below 95
hypothermia
core temp increases, these three things can happen
- blood vessels dilate
- hairs lie flat
- sweat
when a core temp exceeds 101 degrees
hyperthermia
what are the first three steps in wound healing
- blood vessels constrict to reduce blood loss
- platelet plug - form fibrin clot to plug the leak
- phagocytosis - blood vessels dilate so white blood cells can kill bacteria
when does the proliferative phase of wound healing happen?
2 days - 3 weeks after wound
three steps to proliferative phase
- release collagen to provide structure then contract to close
- angiogenesis - make new blood vessels to supply oxygen
- epithelialization - restore skin barrier
four types of burns
- superficial
- partial-thickness
- deep partial-thickness
- full-thickness
where does a superficial burn happen
epidermis only
symptoms and treatment of superficial burn
redness and pain; control pain and inflammation and treat with sterile dressing
location of partial-thickness burn
epidermis and upper part of dermis
symptoms and treatment of partial-thickness burn
1) blistering, sensitivity, pain
2) removing damaged skin and skin transplant
reticular dermis
bottom layer of dermis
location of deep partial-thickness burn
get through most of dermis
treatment of deep partial-thickness burn
Treated by removing damaged skin and skin transplant
location of full-thickness burns
epidermis, dermis and portions of hypodermis
symptoms and treatment of full-thickness burns
burn is charred and doesn’t have sensation; surgery needed
two stages of shock for burn that is 30% or more of body
1) hypovolemic
2) burn
symptoms of hypovolemic shock
water, electrolytes and plasma proteins leak; leads to edema
symptoms of burn shock
-Lowered intravascular volume makes blood thicker and vascular resistance
-Heart speeds up, organs don’t receive enough oxygen and die
