Integumentary System

Question 1

4 functions of integumentary system?

Answer 1

1. Sensory organ - helps us sense temperature, pain, pressure
2. Critical part of homeostasis
3. Resistance from trauma/infection, barrier from water and UV rays, chemicals, poisons
4. Produce vitamin D

Question 2

what type of fibers anchor skin to underlying tissues?

Answer 2

Collagen fibers

Question 3

Skin’s two layers (and honorary layer)

Answer 3

Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous/hypodermis

Question 4

What type/shape of cells is the epidermis made of?

Answer 4

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 5

How many layers does the epidermis usually have? How many does it have in thick skin?

Answer 5

4; 5

Question 6

what type of epidermal layer is only in thick skin?

Answer 6

Stratum lucidum

Question 7

what is the layer of the epidermis that connects to the dermis?

Answer 7

the basement layer

Question 8

what layer of the epidermis has blood vessels and acts as stem cells to create new cells?

Answer 8

stratum basale

Question 9

what is the process of old basal cells migrating towards the top layer, hardening and dehydrating called?

Answer 9

keratinization

Question 10

what cell synthesizes melanin and shield the body from UV rays?

Answer 10

melanocytes

Question 11

what glands exist in the dermis?

Answer 11

sweat and sebaceous

Question 12

what five things are the dermis made of?

Answer 12

connective tissue, hair follicles, glands, nerves, blood vessels

Question 13

what is the primary function of the dermis

Answer 13

binds epidermis to underlying tissues

Question 14

what tissue in the subcutaneous layer insulates body heat

Answer 14

adipose

Question 15

what tissues is the subcutaneous layer made of

Answer 15

adipose and areolar

Question 16

Another name of subcutaneous layer

Answer 16

hypodermis

Question 17

three functions of hypodermis

Answer 17

1. insulates body heat
2. provides cushioning
3. stores energy reserves

Question 18

what is the actual nail called

Answer 18

nail plate

Question 19

where does the nail plate rest?

Answer 19

nail bed

Question 20

three parts of hair follicles

Answer 20

1. bulb
2. root
3. shaft

Question 21

what is responsible for hair color?

Answer 21

melanin or lack thereof

Question 22

what glands moisturizes and waterproofs hair shafts?

Answer 22

sebaceous

Question 23

what are the two types of sweat glands

Answer 23

eccrine and apocrine

Question 24

eccrine glands

Answer 24

sweat glands that release water product in response to temperature

Question 25

these glands activate and puberty and cause body odor

Answer 25

apocrine

Question 26

glands are made of this type of tissue

Answer 26

epithelial

Question 27

two big types of glands

Answer 27

exocrine endocrine

Question 28

these glands release produce on skin's surface

Answer 28

exocrine

Question 29

these glands are also known as ductless glands

Answer 29

endocrine

Question 30

these glands release product directly into bodily fluid

Answer 30

endocrine

Question 31

a gland that is both exocrine and endocrine, and an example of one

Answer 31

mixed gland; pancreas

Question 32

maintenance of normal body temp called

Answer 32

thermoregulation

Question 33

when core temp drops, these three steps can happen

Answer 33

1. blood vessels constrict to keep blood near core 2. hair stands up to trap warm air 3. shivering

Question 34

when core body temp is below 95

Answer 34

hypothermia

Question 35

core temp increases, these three things can happen

Answer 35

1. blood vessels dilate 2. hairs lie flat 3. sweat

Question 36

when a core temp exceeds 101 degrees

Answer 36

hyperthermia

Question 37

what are the first three steps in wound healing

Answer 37

1. blood vessels constrict to reduce blood loss 2. platelet plug - form fibrin clot to plug the leak 3. phagocytosis - blood vessels dilate so white blood cells can kill bacteria

Question 38

when does the proliferative phase of wound healing happen?

Answer 38

2 days - 3 weeks after wound

Question 39

three steps to proliferative phase

Answer 39

1. release collagen to provide structure then contract to close 2. angiogenesis - make new blood vessels to supply oxygen 3. epithelialization - restore skin barrier

Question 40

four types of burns

Answer 40

1. superficial 2. partial-thickness 3. deep partial-thickness 4. full-thickness

Question 41

where does a superficial burn happen

Answer 41

epidermis only

Question 42

symptoms and treatment of superficial burn

Answer 42

redness and pain; control pain and inflammation and treat with sterile dressing

Question 43

location of partial-thickness burn

Answer 43

epidermis and upper part of dermis

Question 44

symptoms and treatment of partial-thickness burn

Answer 44

1) blistering, sensitivity, pain 2) removing damaged skin and skin transplant

Question 45

reticular dermis

Answer 45

bottom layer of dermis

Question 46

location of deep partial-thickness burn

Answer 46

get through most of dermis

Question 47

treatment of deep partial-thickness burn

Answer 47

Treated by removing damaged skin and skin transplant

Question 48

location of full-thickness burns

Answer 48

epidermis, dermis and portions of hypodermis

Question 49

symptoms and treatment of full-thickness burns

Answer 49

burn is charred and doesn't have sensation; surgery needed

Question 50

two stages of shock for burn that is 30% or more of body

Answer 50

1) hypovolemic 2) burn

Question 51

symptoms of hypovolemic shock

Answer 51

water, electrolytes and plasma proteins leak; leads to edema

Question 52

symptoms of burn shock

Answer 52

-Lowered intravascular volume makes blood thicker and vascular resistance -Heart speeds up, organs don’t receive enough oxygen and die