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Anatomy and Physiology > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

4 functions of integumentary system?

A
  1. Sensory organ - helps us sense temperature, pain, pressure
  2. Critical part of homeostasis
  3. Resistance from trauma/infection, barrier from water and UV rays, chemicals, poisons
  4. Produce vitamin D
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2
Q

what type of fibers anchor skin to underlying tissues?

A

Collagen fibers

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3
Q

Skin’s two layers (and honorary layer)

A

Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous/hypodermis

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4
Q

What type/shape of cells is the epidermis made of?

A

stratified squamous epithelium

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5
Q

How many layers does the epidermis usually have? How many does it have in thick skin?

A

4; 5

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6
Q

what type of epidermal layer is only in thick skin?

A

Stratum lucidum

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7
Q

what is the layer of the epidermis that connects to the dermis?

A

the basement layer

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8
Q

what layer of the epidermis has blood vessels and acts as stem cells to create new cells?

A

stratum basale

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9
Q

what is the process of old basal cells migrating towards the top layer, hardening and dehydrating called?

A

keratinization

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10
Q

what cell synthesizes melanin and shield the body from UV rays?

A

melanocytes

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11
Q

what glands exist in the dermis?

A

sweat and sebaceous

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12
Q

what five things are the dermis made of?

A

connective tissue, hair follicles, glands, nerves, blood vessels

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13
Q

what is the primary function of the dermis

A

binds epidermis to underlying tissues

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14
Q

what tissue in the subcutaneous layer insulates body heat

A

adipose

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15
Q

what tissues is the subcutaneous layer made of

A

adipose and areolar

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16
Q

Another name of subcutaneous layer

A

hypodermis

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17
Q

three functions of hypodermis

A
  1. insulates body heat
  2. provides cushioning
  3. stores energy reserves
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18
Q

what is the actual nail called

A

nail plate

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19
Q

where does the nail plate rest?

A

nail bed

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20
Q

three parts of hair follicles

A
  1. bulb
  2. root
  3. shaft
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21
Q

what is responsible for hair color?

A

melanin or lack thereof

22
Q

what glands moisturizes and waterproofs hair shafts?

A

sebaceous

23
Q

what are the two types of sweat glands

A

eccrine and apocrine

24
Q

eccrine glands

A

sweat glands that release water product in response to temperature

25
Q

these glands activate and puberty and cause body odor

A

apocrine

26
Q

glands are made of this type of tissue

A

epithelial

27
Q

two big types of glands

A

exocrine
endocrine

28
Q

these glands release produce on skin’s surface

A

exocrine

29
Q

these glands are also known as ductless glands

A

endocrine

30
Q

these glands release product directly into bodily fluid

A

endocrine

31
Q

a gland that is both exocrine and endocrine, and an example of one

A

mixed gland; pancreas

32
Q

maintenance of normal body temp called

A

thermoregulation

33
Q

when core temp drops, these three steps can happen

A
  1. blood vessels constrict to keep blood near core
  2. hair stands up to trap warm air
  3. shivering
34
Q

when core body temp is below 95

A

hypothermia

35
Q

core temp increases, these three things can happen

A
  1. blood vessels dilate
  2. hairs lie flat
  3. sweat
36
Q

when a core temp exceeds 101 degrees

A

hyperthermia

37
Q

what are the first three steps in wound healing

A
  1. blood vessels constrict to reduce blood loss
  2. platelet plug - form fibrin clot to plug the leak
  3. phagocytosis - blood vessels dilate so white blood cells can kill bacteria
38
Q

when does the proliferative phase of wound healing happen?

A

2 days - 3 weeks after wound

39
Q

three steps to proliferative phase

A
  1. release collagen to provide structure then contract to close
  2. angiogenesis - make new blood vessels to supply oxygen
  3. epithelialization - restore skin barrier
40
Q

four types of burns

A
  1. superficial
  2. partial-thickness
  3. deep partial-thickness
  4. full-thickness
41
Q

where does a superficial burn happen

A

epidermis only

42
Q

symptoms and treatment of superficial burn

A

redness and pain; control pain and inflammation and treat with sterile dressing

43
Q

location of partial-thickness burn

A

epidermis and upper part of dermis

44
Q

symptoms and treatment of partial-thickness burn

A

1) blistering, sensitivity, pain
2) removing damaged skin and skin transplant

45
Q

reticular dermis

A

bottom layer of dermis

46
Q

location of deep partial-thickness burn

A

get through most of dermis

47
Q

treatment of deep partial-thickness burn

A

Treated by removing damaged skin and skin transplant

48
Q

location of full-thickness burns

A

epidermis, dermis and portions of hypodermis

49
Q

symptoms and treatment of full-thickness burns

A

burn is charred and doesn’t have sensation; surgery needed

50
Q

two stages of shock for burn that is 30% or more of body

A

1) hypovolemic
2) burn

51
Q

symptoms of hypovolemic shock

A

water, electrolytes and plasma proteins leak; leads to edema

52
Q

symptoms of burn shock

A

-Lowered intravascular volume makes blood thicker and vascular resistance
-Heart speeds up, organs don’t receive enough oxygen and die

Anatomy and Physiology (31 decks)

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