Lymphatic System Overview and Organs

Question 1

molecule that evokes immune response; only a few that cause transfusion reactions

Answer 1

antigen

Question 2

protein produced by immune system to attack foreign antigens

Answer 2

antibody

Question 3

3 functions of lymphatic system

Answer 3

1. Drain excess tissue fluid from interstitial spaces, eventually returning to blood
2. Lacteals (vessels) transport absorbed fats to circulation
3. Lymph nodes defend body against disease

Question 4

The lymphatic system starts in ___ ___ and ends in ____, where it is returned to the ___

Answer 4

tissue capillaries; veins; blood

Question 5

fluid outside blood vessels

Answer 5

interstitial fluid

Question 6

once lymphatic capillaries drain interstitial fluid, it becomes ___

Answer 6

lymph

Question 7

these are the vessels that transport absorbed fats to circulation

Answer 7

lacteals

Question 8

In a large lymph vessel, what are the 6 main stops of lymph going back to the blood?

Answer 8

1. lymphatic capillaries
2. lymphatic vessel
3. lymph nodes
4. lymphatic trunk
5. collecting duct
6. veins

Question 9

what type of cells are lymphatic capillaries made of?

Answer 9

endothelial cells

Question 10

layers of lymphatic vessels

Answer 10

1. outer tunica externa
2. middle tunica media
3. inner tunica interna

has valves

Question 11

two main collecting ducts

Answer 11

thoracic
right lymphatic duct

Question 12

Answer 12

right lymphatic duct

Question 13

Answer 13

thoracic duct

Question 14

what prevents most of liquid from capillaries from going into lymph vessels?

Answer 14

plasma colloid osmotic pressure

Question 15

what drives tissue fluid into lymphatic capillaries?

Answer 15

hydrostatic pressure

Question 16

what is edema?

Answer 16

lymph accumulating in interstitial spaces

Question 17

why does edema happen?

Answer 17

interference with flow in lymph

Question 18

muscular activity helps flow of lymph in these four ways

Answer 18

1. skeletal muscle contraction
2. breathing
3. smooth muscle walls in vessels
4. valves preventing backflow

Question 19

What are three examples of unencapsulated lymphatic tissue?

Answer 19

tonsils
appendix
peyer’s patches

Question 20

unencapsulated lymphatic tissue associated with digestive, urinary, and reproductive system called:

Answer 20

mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)

Question 21

the three encapsulated lymphatic organs are

Answer 21

lymph nodes
thymus
spleen

Question 22

Entrance/exit point of lymph node for blood vessels, nerves, efferent lymphatic vessels

Answer 22

hilum

Question 23

afferent lymphatic vessels enter lymph node on __ __

Answer 23

convex surface

Question 24

lymph nodes contain these two; they filter lymph and remove pathogens

Answer 24

lymphocytes; macrophages

Question 25

In a lymph node, unfiltered lymph enters through ____ lymphatic vessels and leaves through ___ lymphatic vessels

Answer 25

afferent; efferent

Question 26

Answer 26

Question 27

four main functions of lymph nodes

Answer 27

1. filters lymph to remove bacteria and cellular debris 2. performs immune surveillance 3. monitors body fluids 4. Lymphocyte production

Question 28

two types of immune cells in lymph nodes

Answer 28

lymphocytes macrophages

Question 29

what do lymphocytes do?

Answer 29

BIOHAZARD DISPOSAL attack viruses, bacteria, disease-causing cells that enter lymph nodes

Question 30

what do macrophages do?

Answer 30

TRASH CLEANUP eat and destroy foreign particles, debris, damaged cells

Question 31

where is the thymus

Answer 31

behind sternum, anterior to aorta

Question 32

what happens to the thymus over a lifetime?

Answer 32

shrinks; eventually becomes adipose and connective tissue

Question 33

what is the function of the thymus?

Answer 33

secrete thymosins, which influence production of T lymphocytes

Question 34

Thymosins help some of the thymus's lymphocytes become

Answer 34

T cells/T lymphocytes

Question 35

what do T lymphocytes do?

Answer 35

help with immunity

Question 36

where is the spleen?

Answer 36

ULQ

Question 37

what two types of pulp does the spleen have?

Answer 37

red and white

Question 38

what does white pulp have

Answer 38

lymphocytes

Question 39

what does red pulp have

Answer 39

red blood cells, macrophages, lymphocytes