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Anatomy and Physiology > Exam 2 - Muscles > Flashcards

Exam 2 - Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

dense connective tissue that surrounds and separates muscles

A

Fascia

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2
Q

connective tissue layer that covers muscle cell fibers

A

endomysium

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3
Q

muscle cells also known as

A

muscle fibers

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4
Q

Cell membrane of muscle fiber

A

sarcolemma

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5
Q

sarcoplasmic reticulum stores

A

calcium

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6
Q

small fibers that have the ability to slide over each other

A

myofibrils

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7
Q

two types of myofibrils

A

thick and thin

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8
Q

thick types of myofibrils have

A

myosin

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9
Q

thin myofibrils have these three

A

actin, troponin and tropomyosin

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10
Q

transverse tubules are part of the ____ that fold in and around other parts of the cell

A

sarcolemma

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11
Q

one contractile unit of the muscle fibers are called

A

sarcomeres

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12
Q

three main parts of a neuromuscular junction

A
  1. motor neuron axon
  2. motor end plate
  3. synaptic cleft
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13
Q

a motor neuron and a motor end plate meet at a ________ junction, otherwise known as a _____

A

neuromuscular; synapse

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14
Q

myosin heads attach to actin at this place

A

cross-bridge

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15
Q

muscle contraction happens when ____ binds to ____, causing the tissues to slide past each other and the _____ to shorten

A

myosin; actin; sarcomeres

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16
Q

what neurotransmitter is released from the axon?

A

acetylcholine

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17
Q

how does acetylcholine get across synaptic cleft?

A

calcium channel opens in neuron, influx of calcium releases ACl from dock to go across river

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18
Q

Actin is normally covered by _____, but once _____ has bonded with ____, it will move it out of the way

A

tropomyosin; troponin; calcium

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19
Q

The calcium that bonds with troponin in muscle contraction comes from the

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

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20
Q

What three things need to happen for muscles to relax

A
  1. Calcium returns to SR through active transport
  2. Acetylcholinesterase breaks down acetylcholine
  3. ATP breaks linkage between actin and myosin
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21
Q

In muscle release, ________ decomposes acetylcholine

A

acetylcholinesterase

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22
Q

_____ breaks down the links between actin and myosin by binding to myosin heads

A

ATP

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23
Q

This stimulates the sarcolemma, travels to the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and causes the SR to release calcium

A

Electric impulse (action potential)

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24
Q

what are the three parts of the epicranius muscle?

A

aponeurosis; frontalis; occipitalis

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25
Q

epicranius aponeurosis

A
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26
Q

epicranius occipitalis

A
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27
Q

epicranius frontalis

A
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28
Q

Orbicularis oculi

A
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29
Q

Orbicularis oris

A
30
Q

platysma

A
31
Q

masseter muscle

A
32
Q

SCM - sternocleidomastoid

A
33
Q

temporalis

A
34
Q

shoulder muscle

A

deltoid

35
Q

Pectoralis major

A
36
Q

Rectus abdominis

A
37
Q

Ab muscles

A

rectus abdominus

38
Q

External abdominal oblique

A
39
Q

External intercostals

A
40
Q

Internal intercostals

A
41
Q

Trapezius

A
42
Q

Rhomboid

A
43
Q

Teres minor

A
44
Q

Teres major

A
45
Q

Latissmus dorsi

A
46
Q

Subscapularis

A
47
Q

Bicep brachii

A
48
Q

Coracobrachialis

A
49
Q

Tricep brachii

A
50
Q

Brachialis

A
51
Q

Brachioradialis

A
52
Q

Pronator teres

A
53
Q

which arm muscle is on the same plane as the thumb?

A

Brachioradialis

54
Q

Supraspinatus

A
55
Q

Infraspinatus

A
56
Q

what are the four muscles of the quadriceps

A

Vastus lateralis, Rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, Vastus medialis

57
Q

Vastus lateralis

A
58
Q

Rectus femoris

A
59
Q

vastus intermedius

A
60
Q

Vastus medialis

A
61
Q

Sartorius

A
62
Q

what are the three hamstring muscles?

A

Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus

63
Q

Biceps femoris

A
64
Q

Semitendinosus

A
65
Q

Semimembranosus

A
66
Q

gluteus medias

A
67
Q

what are the two calf muscles

A

gastrocnemius
soleus

68
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

Medial side

69
Q

Soleus

A

Lateral

70
Q

Tibialis anterior muscle

A

Anatomy and Physiology (31 decks)

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