The Team Approach to Health Care Flashcards
An approach to leadership in organizations that balances fairness and accountability and encourages people to report errors and near misses
Just culture
Proactively identifying problems in the system that could lead to error or opportunities to improve safety
Risk management
Just culture focuses on ___
Risk management
In a just culture, ___ are held accountable for overall safety
Both the EMS system and individual providers
In a just culture, behaviors associated with error or risk are categorized as ___
- Human error
- At-risk behavior
- Reckless behavior
The EMS system considers human error to be a function of three factors: ___
- A person intended to do the right thing but somehow committed an error
- A person performed a skill incorrectly
- A person meant to do something but did not follow through
In a just culture, the reasons for error are ___
Investigated and the individual who committed the error is counseled or educated
When an EMT actively makes a choice to take a risk, believing that the potential adverse outcome is insignificant or that it was justified in the moment
At-risk behavior
At-risk behavior typically requires ___
Coaching and increased awareness
Involves a conscious disregard for a significant and unjustified risk, and it usually ends in disciplinary action
Reckless behavior
A ___ culture of safety within an EMS system is linked to a decreased number of errors and near misses
Positive
Positive attributes contributing to a culture of safety
- Trust
- Teamwork
- Communication
- Sensitivity
- Mutual support
Negative attributes contributing to a culture of safety
- Lack of communications
- Taking shortcuts
- Punishment
- Poor teamwork
- Freelancing
The concept of consistent patient care across the entire healthcare team from first patient contact to patient discharge
Continuum of care
Results of the continuum of care
Improved individual and team performance, better patient and provider safety, and improved patient outcome
Best examples of the team concept of continuum of care
- Community paramedicine
- Mobile integrated healthcare (MIH)
Types of teams
- Regular teams
- Temporary teams
- Special teams
The organizational level that divides the incident according to functional levels of operation. Perform special functions, often across geographic boundaries
Group (NIMS definition)
Individual health care providers working independently to help the patient
Group
Examples of EMS groups
Triage, treatment, and transport groups at a mass-casualty incident
A group of healthcare workers who are assigned specific roles and are working interdependently in a coordinated manner under a designated leader
Team
Five essential elements of a group that people must share
- Common goal
- An image of themselves as “a group”
- A sense of continuity of the group
- A set of shared values
- Different roles within the group
In ___ groups, each individual is told what to do and often how to do it by their supervisor
Dependent
In ___ groups, each individual is responsible for their own area
Independent
Although each provider may still be assigned to a particular area or task, all of the providers in the group work together with shared responsibilities, accountability, and a common goal
Interdependent
The effectiveness of pit crew CPR is dependent on ___
Defining clear roles and responsibilities among team members
Four important elements of team communication
- A clear message
- Closed-loop communication
- Courtesy
- Constructive intervention
Te team member who provides role assignments, coordination, oversight, central decision-making, and support for the team to accomplish their goals and achieve desired results
Team leader
The knowledge and understanding of one’s surroundings and the ability to recognize potential threats to safety
Situational awareness
A way for team members to work together with the team leader to develop and maintain a shared understanding of the emergency situation
Crew resource management
CRM
Crew resource management
When you believe there is an immediate or potential problem that must be brought to the attention of the team leader, first ___, then ___
- Get the attention of the crew member
- Use the PACE mnemonic
PACE
- Probe
- Alert
- Challenge
- Emergency
Whenever the verbal transfer of care occurs, all team members should ensure ___
- Uninterrupted critical care
- Minimal interference
- Respectful interaction
- Common priorities
- Common language or system
Who should coordinate the patient’s transfer of care and report the patient information
Team leader
When taking a patient handoff report, the receiving care provider should observe ___
- Eye contact
- Environment
- Ensure understanding
- Sum up
- Supplement
Assisting with advanced skills is a four-step process
- Patient preparation
- Equipment setup
- Performing the procedure
- Continuing care
Stages of the decision-making process
- Prearrival
- Arrival
- During the call
- After the call
During the call, the team leader must do the following ___
- Gather data
- Interpret that data
- Develop a plan
- Communicate the plan to the team and implement it
- Evaluate the effect of the decision
Common decision traps
- Bias
- Anchoring
- Overconfidence
Fixed beliefs about something
Bias
Occurs when the EMT settles on one possible cause of the patient’s problems early and fails to consider other options
Anchoring
Occurs when the EMT overestimates their ability
Overconfidence
When conflict in the team occurs, keep in mind these 5 techniques
- The patient comes first
- Do not engage
- Keep your cool
- Separate the person from the issue
- Choose your battles
