Shock - Progression & Emergency Care Flashcards
The early stage of shock, while the body can still compensate for blood loss
Compensated shock
The late stage of sock, when BP is falling and the mental status is declining
Decompensated shock
When shock progresses too far, it becomes ___
Irreversible
Conditioned defined by the inability to successfully achieve resuscitation regardless of the methods employed
Irreversible shock
BP may be the ___ measurable factor to change in shock
Last
Infants and children can maintain their BP until they have sustained blood loss equivalent to more than ___
One-half their blood volume
Expect shock if the patient has ___
- Massive external or internal bleeding
- Multiple severe fractures
- Abdominal or chest injury
- Spinal injury
- Severe infection
- Major heart attack
- Anaphylaxis
If shock is suspected ___
Expedite transport and begin treatment for shock immediately
Signs and symptoms of compensated shock
- Agitation
- Anxiety
- Restlessness
- Feeling of impending doom
- Weak, rapid (thready) pulse
- Clammy skin
- Pallor
- with cyanosis about the lips
- Shallow, rapid breathing
- Nausea or vomiting
- Capillary refill of longer than 2 seconds in infants and children
- Marked thirst
- Narrowing pulse pressure
Signs and symptoms of decompensated shock
- Falling BP (systolic 90 mg/Hg or lower in an adult)
- Declining mental status, altered LOC
- Labored or irregular breathing
- Ashen, mottled, or cyanotic skin
- Thready or absent peripheral pulses
- Dull eyes, dilated pupils
- Poor urinary output
The primary assessment for a patient with suspected shock should include ___
A rapid exam to look for evidence of severe or exsanguinating hemorrhage, determine LOC, ID and manage life-threatening concerns as they are found, and determine priority of the patient and transport
When treating a patient in shock, provide ___
High-flow oxygen to assist in perfusion of damaged tissues
If the patient has bled out, saturating the red blood cells they have left will help ___
Prevent hypoxia
If the patient has signs of hypoperfusion, ___
Treat aggressively and provide rapid transport to the hospital
If your patient is ___ perform a secondary assessment of the entire body
- Trauma patient with a significant MOI or multiple injuries
- Patient gives a poor general impression
- You found problems in the primary assessment
- Patient has a medical problem but is not responsive
If your patient has a simple MOI, ___
Focus your examination on the specific area affected
Treat for shock early by ___
Providing oxygen and keeping the patient warm
How can external heat sources harm a patient in shock?
Cause vasodilation and decrease BP even more
When transporting a patient in shock, consider ___ rendezvous, and consider ___ transport
- ALS
- Aeromedical
On-scene time before transport to the hospital is started for a patient in shock should be ___
10 minutes or less
