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Emergency Medical Technician > Principles of Pharmacology - Administering part 2 > Flashcards

Principles of Pharmacology - Administering part 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Any medication placed in the mouth requires ___

A

Constant evaluation of the airway

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2
Q

Nitroglycerine is typically the only medication that you will help to administer ___

A

Sublingually

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3
Q

Pain in the heart from a lack of oxygen due to a blockage or narrowing of the blood vessels supplying the heart

A

Angina pectoris

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4
Q

The purpose of nitroglycerin

A

Increase blood flow by relieving the spasms or causing the arteries to dilate

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5
Q

Always do what before administering nitroglycerin?

A

Take the patient’s blood pressure

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6
Q

If the systolic BP is less than ___, the nitroglycerin may be harmful

A

100 mm/Hg

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7
Q

How to position patient before administering nitroglycerin

A

Sitting or laying down with the head elevated

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8
Q

What is a significant BP drop after administering nitroglycerin?

A

15 to 20 mm/Hg

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9
Q

If after administering nitroglycerin, the patient has a significant BP drop and suddenly feels dizzy or sick, have the patient ___

A

Lie down

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10
Q

Myocardial infarction

A

Heart attack

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11
Q

MI

A

Myocardial infarction

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12
Q

A narrowing or blockage in a coronary artery blocks the blood flow to a section of the heart muscle

A

Myocardial infarction

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13
Q

If nitroglycerin no longer brings relief to a patient in whom it has previously worked, the person may be experiencing ___

A

An MI instead of an angina attack

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14
Q

You cannot administer nitroglycerin without ___

A

Clearance from medical control or standing orders

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15
Q

Nitroglycerin when taken with ED medication can cause ___

A

A dramatic drop in BP

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16
Q

Nitroglycerin is usually taken ___

A

Sublingually

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17
Q

If the nitroglycerin does not produce the typical burning sensation, it may have ___

A

Lost potency because of aging or improper storage

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18
Q

Sublingual nitroglycerin should be stored in ___

A

Their original glass container with the cap screwed on tightly

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19
Q

Each spray of nitroglycerin is equivalent to ___

A

One tablet

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20
Q

Do not ___ the nitroglycerin canister prior to administering

A

Shake

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21
Q

When administering nitroglycerin, wait ___ for a response before repeating the dose

A

5 minutes

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22
Q

Wear ___ when administering nitroglycerin

A

Gloves

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23
Q

General steps in administering medication

A
  1. Obtain an order from medical control
  2. Verify the proper medication and prescription
  3. Verify the form, dose, and route of the medication
  4. Check the expiration date and condition of the medication
  5. Complete a cross-check procedure
  6. Reassess the vital signs, especially heart rate and BP, at least every 5 minutes or as the patient’s condition changes
  7. Document your actions and the patient’s response
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24
Q

___ route of administration provides quick and easy access to the circulatory system without the need for placing a needle within a vein

A

IM

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25
Q

Blood flow to the muscles is ___

A

Relatively stable, even during circumstances of severe illness or injury

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26
Q

Main hormone that controls the body’s fight or flight response and is the primary medication that you will be administering intramuscularly

A

Epinephrine

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27
Q

Mimics the effect of the sympathetic nervous system

A

Sympathomimetic

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28
Q

Epinephrine is secreted by the ___

A

Adrenal glands

29
Q

Epinephrine is also called ___

A

Adrenaline

30
Q

Epinephrine should not be given to patient’s who ___

A

Do not show signs of airway obstruction or wheezing due to an allergic reaction, patient’s with hypertension or hypothermia, or if you believe the patient may be experiencing an MI

31
Q

An over-release of histamine causes ___

A

Lowered BP by relaxing the small blood vessels and allowing them to leak. May also cause wheezing from bronchial spasms and swelling of the airway tissues (edema)

32
Q

Most prefilled naloxone IM preparations are administered in increments of ___

A

2 mg

33
Q

Administration of naloxone to opioid-dependent patients can cause ___

A

Severe withdrawal symptoms, including seizures and cardiac arrest

34
Q

Most common technique for naloxone administration

A

Intranasal

35
Q

Steps to administer medication intranasally

A
  1. Obtain medical direction per local protocol
  2. Confirm correct medication and expiration date
  3. Attempt to determine if the patient is allergic to any medications
  4. Prepare the medication and attach the atomizer. Never use a needle
  5. Place the atomizer in one nostril, pointing up and slightly outward
  6. Administer a half-dose (1 mL maximum) into each nostril
  7. Reassess the patient and document appropriately
36
Q

If you do not have naloxone available, ___ provide necessary treatment to opioid overdose patients until definitive treatment can be reached

A

Bag-mask ventilations

37
Q

When documenting a medication, include the ___

A
  1. Name of the medication
  2. Dose & route
  3. Vital signs before and after administration
38
Q

SVNs

A

Small-volume nebulizers

39
Q

Used to administer liquid medications that have been turned into a fine mist by flow of air or oxygen

A

MDIs and SVNs

40
Q

When medication is atomized, it is ___

A

Breathed into the lungs and delivered to the alveoli, where blood flow is very high and absorption rates are close to that found with IV medications

41
Q

Disadvantage of an MDI

A

Patient must be cooperative and control their breathing

42
Q

Adapter that fits over the inhaler like a sleeve

A

Spacer

43
Q

If an inhaler is administered improperly, most of the medication ___

A

Ends up on the roof of the patient’s mouth

44
Q

Steps to administer an SVN

A
  1. Obtain medical direction per local protocol
  2. Confirm correct medication and expiration date
  3. Confirm that the patient is not allergic to the medication
  4. Add the appropriate medication and dose to the nebulizer reservoir and assemble according to the manufacturer’s directions
  5. Perform the medication cross-check
  6. Connect to the nebulizer machine or oxygen tank at 6 to 8 L/min
  7. Place the nebulizer in the patient’s mouth and instruct the patient to breath until the medication is gone (usually about 5 minutes)
  8. Reassess the patient and document appropriately
45
Q

If relief is not achieved with and SVN, wait ___ and repeat

A

3 to 5 minutes

46
Q

Reactive airway disease

A

Asthma

47
Q

Common OTC MDIs for asthma

A

Primatene Mist, Bronitin Mist, and Bronkaid Mist

48
Q

OTC MDIs for asthma contain ___ and can cause ___

A
  1. Epinephrine
  2. Tachycardia, hypertension, and restlessness
49
Q

Most patients with asthma use certain ___

A

Chemical cousins of epinephrine that produce fewer adverse effects and act more specifically on the bronchi of the lungs

50
Q

Common prescription MDIs for asthma

A

Albuterol (ProAir, Proventil, and Ventolin), ipratropium bromide (Atrovent), and levalbuterol (Xopenex)

51
Q

Often albuterol and ipratropium are ___

A

Combined in one inhaler (Combivent, DuoNeb)

52
Q

Two types of inhalers for asthma

A
  1. Rescue
  2. Maintenance
53
Q

Common maintenance inhalers for asthma

A

Fluticasone propionate (Flovent Diskus), budesonide (Pulmicort), mometasone furoate (Asmanex Twisthaler), beclomethasone dipropionate (Qvar), and ciclesonide (Alvesco)

54
Q

The use of multiple medications by one person

A

Polypharmacy

55
Q

In addition to prescription medications, patient’s often take ___

A

Nonprescription OTC medications, herbal medications, or other supplements

56
Q

When possible, EMS providers should verbally verify which medications are ___, even when presented with a printed medication list

A

Actually being taken

57
Q

Beta adrenergic blocking agents and calcium channel blocking agents can prevent the patient’s heart rate from increasing in ___

A

Sepsis, trauma, hemorrhage, and other conditions that normally would present with tachycardia

58
Q

Beta adrenergic blocking agents

A

Metoprolol (Lopressor) and atenolol (Tenormin)

59
Q

Calcium channel blocking agents

A

Amlodipine (Norvasc) and diltiazem (Cardizem)

60
Q

Decrease the ability of blood platelets to aggregate

A

Antiplatelet medications

61
Q

Antiplatelet medications

A

Aspirin and clopidogrel (Plavix)

62
Q

Interfere with other blood clotting mechanisms in the body

A

Anticoagulant medications

63
Q

Anticoagulant medications

A

Warfarin (Coumadin), apixaban (Eliquis), and rivaroxaban (Xarelto)

64
Q

Antiplatelet and anticoagulant medications are prescribed to patients who ___

A

Are susceptible to dysfunctional blood clotting conditions, including acute coronary syndrome, ischemic cerebrovascular accident (stroke), peripheral or pulmonary blood clots, and similar conditions

65
Q

An inappropriate use of a medication that could lead to patient harm

A

Medication error

66
Q

Before administering a medication, stop to ask yourself, ___

A

Why am I doing this?

67
Q

Steps if a medication error takes place

A
  1. Rapidly provide any appropriate patient care that is required
  2. Notify medical control as quickly as possible
  3. Follow your local protocols and document the incident thoroughly, accurately, and honestly
68
Q

EMS providers should strongly suspect ___ in patients who present with an altered mental status or other neurologic symptoms

A

Intracranial hemorrhage

Emergency Medical Technician (100 decks)

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