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Emergency Medical Technician > Gynecologic Emergencies > Flashcards

Gynecologic Emergencies Flashcards

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Royal College: Emergency Medicine flashcards USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Folds of tissue that surround the urethral and vaginal openings

A

Labia majora and labia minora

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2
Q

At the anterior end of the labia is the ___

A

Clitoris

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3
Q

At the posterior end of the labia is the ___

A

Anus

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4
Q

The area of tissue between the vagina and the anus

A

Perineum

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5
Q

The primary female reproductive organ

A

Ovaries

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6
Q

The ovaries are located ___

A

On each side of the lower abdomen

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7
Q

The ovaries produce ___

A

An ovum, or egg

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8
Q

Connect each ovary to the uterus

A

Fallopian tubes

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9
Q

The muscular organ where the fetus grows during pregnancy

A

Uterus

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10
Q

The narrowest portion of the uterus

A

Cervix

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11
Q

The cervix opens into the ___

A

Vagina

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12
Q

Outermost cavity of a woman’s reproductive system

A

Vagina

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13
Q

Forms the lower part of the birth canal

A

Vagina

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14
Q

The cycle in which the ovum is released

A

Ovulation

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15
Q

The onset of menstruation is called ___

A

Menarche

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16
Q

Onset of menstruation usually occurs ___

A

Between the ages of 11 and 16

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17
Q

Marks the end of menstrual activity

A

Menopause

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18
Q

Infection of the upper female reproductive organs, specifically the Uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes

A

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

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19
Q

PID in the fallopian tubes can cause ___

A

Scarring that increases the risk of ectopic pregnancy or sterility

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20
Q

PID in the ovaries can cause ___

A

The development of a life-threatening abscess

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21
Q

Pregnancy that develops outside the uterus, most often in the fallopian tube

A

Ectopic pregnancy

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22
Q

Most common presenting sign of PID

A

Generalized lower abdominal pain

23
Q

Other signs and symptoms of PID

A
  1. Abnormal and often foul-smelling vaginal discharge
  2. Increased pain during sex
  3. Fever
  4. General malaise
  5. Nausea and vomiting
24
Q

Risk factors of PID

A
  1. Having multiple sexual partners
  2. Partner who has had sex with multiple people
  3. Untreated STD
  4. Past history of PID
  5. Being sexually active
  6. Younger than 26
  7. Douching
  8. Using an intrauterine device for birth control
25
Q

Untreated gonorrhea and chlamydia often progress to ___

A

PID

26
Q

Chlamydia is caused by the bacterium ___

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

27
Q

Most commonly reported STD in the US

A

Chlamydia

28
Q

Symptoms of chlamydia

A

Lower abdominal pain, low back pain, nausea, fever, pain during sex, bleeding between menstrual periods

29
Q

Chlamydial infection of the cervix can spread to the ___

A

Rectum

30
Q

Chlamydia that has spread to the rectum can cause ___

A

Rectal pain, discharge, or bleeding

31
Q

In rare cases, chlamydia causes ___ that may be accompanied by ___

A
  1. Arthritis
  2. Skin lesions and inflammation of the eye and urethra
32
Q

Most common vaginal infection in women age 15 to 44

A

Bacterial vaginosis

33
Q

Normal bacteria in the vagina are replaced by an overgrowth of other bacterial forms

A

Bacterial vaginosis

34
Q

Symptoms of bacterial vaginosis

A
  1. Itching
  2. burning
  3. Pain
  4. Fishy, foul-smelling discharge
35
Q

Pregnant women with bacterial vaginosis may have ___

A

Premature babies or babies born with a low birth weight

36
Q

Gonorrhea is caused by ___

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

37
Q

Caused by a bacterium that can grow and multiply rapidly in the warm, moist areas of the reproductive tract, including the cervix, uterus, and fallopian tubes in women, and the urethra in women and men

A

Gonorrhea

38
Q

Symptoms of gonorrhea are usually more severe in ___

A

Men

39
Q

Symptoms of gonorrhea appear ___

A

About 2 to 10 days after exposure

40
Q

When symptoms of gonorrhea appear in women, they generally present as ___

A
  1. Painful urination, with associated burning or itching
  2. Yellowish or bloody vaginal discharge, usually with a foul odor
  3. Blood associated with vaginal sex
41
Q

More severe infections of gonorrhea in women may present with ___

A
  1. Cramping and abdominal pain
  2. Nausea and vomiting
  3. Bleeding between menstrual periods
42
Q

Rectal infections of gonorrhea generally present with ___

A
  1. Anal discharge and itching
  2. Occasional painful bowel movements with fecal blood spitting
43
Q

Throat infections of gonorrhea generally present with ___

A
  1. Painful or difficult swallowing
  2. Sore throat
  3. Swollen lymph glands
  4. Fever
  5. May also have headache and nasal congestion
44
Q

In cases of sexual assault, it is important to have a ___ EMT provide patient care

A

Female

45
Q

For a report of abdominal pain, ask specific questions about ___

A
  1. Onset, duration, quality, and radiation
  2. Provoking or relieving factors
  3. Associated symptoms such as syncope, lightheadedness, nausea, vomiting, and fever
46
Q

For a report of vaginal bleeding, ask about ___

A
  1. Onset, duration, quantity (number of sanitary pads or tampons soaked)
  2. Associated symptoms such as syncope and lightheadedness
47
Q

Pertinent secondary assessment findings

A
  1. Vital signs (BP, pulse, skin color, orthostatic vital signs)
  2. Abdomen (Distention and tenderness)
  3. Genitourinary (Visible bleeding)
  4. Neurologic (Mental status)
48
Q

Your physical examination of a gynecologic patient should be ___

A

Limited and professional

49
Q

Fever should always be considered a sign of ___

A

An infectious process

50
Q

PID associated abdominal pain generally starts ___

A

During or after normal menstruation

51
Q

With PID, inquiring about the date of the patient’s last ___ is important

A

Menstrual cycle

52
Q

Abdominal pain with PID characteristics

A

Achey and may be made worse with walking

53
Q

Patients with PID often present with a distinctive gait that appears as ___

A

A shuffle when they walk

Emergency Medical Technician (100 decks)

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