Gynecologic Emergencies Flashcards
Folds of tissue that surround the urethral and vaginal openings
Labia majora and labia minora
At the anterior end of the labia is the ___
Clitoris
At the posterior end of the labia is the ___
Anus
The area of tissue between the vagina and the anus
Perineum
The primary female reproductive organ
Ovaries
The ovaries are located ___
On each side of the lower abdomen
The ovaries produce ___
An ovum, or egg
Connect each ovary to the uterus
Fallopian tubes
The muscular organ where the fetus grows during pregnancy
Uterus
The narrowest portion of the uterus
Cervix
The cervix opens into the ___
Vagina
Outermost cavity of a woman’s reproductive system
Vagina
Forms the lower part of the birth canal
Vagina
The cycle in which the ovum is released
Ovulation
The onset of menstruation is called ___
Menarche
Onset of menstruation usually occurs ___
Between the ages of 11 and 16
Marks the end of menstrual activity
Menopause
Infection of the upper female reproductive organs, specifically the Uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
PID in the fallopian tubes can cause ___
Scarring that increases the risk of ectopic pregnancy or sterility
PID in the ovaries can cause ___
The development of a life-threatening abscess
Pregnancy that develops outside the uterus, most often in the fallopian tube
Ectopic pregnancy
Most common presenting sign of PID
Generalized lower abdominal pain
Other signs and symptoms of PID
- Abnormal and often foul-smelling vaginal discharge
- Increased pain during sex
- Fever
- General malaise
- Nausea and vomiting
Risk factors of PID
- Having multiple sexual partners
- Partner who has had sex with multiple people
- Untreated STD
- Past history of PID
- Being sexually active
- Younger than 26
- Douching
- Using an intrauterine device for birth control
Untreated gonorrhea and chlamydia often progress to ___
PID
Chlamydia is caused by the bacterium ___
Chlamydia trachomatis
Most commonly reported STD in the US
Chlamydia
Symptoms of chlamydia
Lower abdominal pain, low back pain, nausea, fever, pain during sex, bleeding between menstrual periods
Chlamydial infection of the cervix can spread to the ___
Rectum
Chlamydia that has spread to the rectum can cause ___
Rectal pain, discharge, or bleeding
In rare cases, chlamydia causes ___ that may be accompanied by ___
- Arthritis
- Skin lesions and inflammation of the eye and urethra
Most common vaginal infection in women age 15 to 44
Bacterial vaginosis
Normal bacteria in the vagina are replaced by an overgrowth of other bacterial forms
Bacterial vaginosis
Symptoms of bacterial vaginosis
- Itching
- burning
- Pain
- Fishy, foul-smelling discharge
Pregnant women with bacterial vaginosis may have ___
Premature babies or babies born with a low birth weight
Gonorrhea is caused by ___
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Caused by a bacterium that can grow and multiply rapidly in the warm, moist areas of the reproductive tract, including the cervix, uterus, and fallopian tubes in women, and the urethra in women and men
Gonorrhea
Symptoms of gonorrhea are usually more severe in ___
Men
Symptoms of gonorrhea appear ___
About 2 to 10 days after exposure
When symptoms of gonorrhea appear in women, they generally present as ___
- Painful urination, with associated burning or itching
- Yellowish or bloody vaginal discharge, usually with a foul odor
- Blood associated with vaginal sex
More severe infections of gonorrhea in women may present with ___
- Cramping and abdominal pain
- Nausea and vomiting
- Bleeding between menstrual periods
Rectal infections of gonorrhea generally present with ___
- Anal discharge and itching
- Occasional painful bowel movements with fecal blood spitting
Throat infections of gonorrhea generally present with ___
- Painful or difficult swallowing
- Sore throat
- Swollen lymph glands
- Fever
- May also have headache and nasal congestion
In cases of sexual assault, it is important to have a ___ EMT provide patient care
Female
For a report of abdominal pain, ask specific questions about ___
- Onset, duration, quality, and radiation
- Provoking or relieving factors
- Associated symptoms such as syncope, lightheadedness, nausea, vomiting, and fever
For a report of vaginal bleeding, ask about ___
- Onset, duration, quantity (number of sanitary pads or tampons soaked)
- Associated symptoms such as syncope and lightheadedness
Pertinent secondary assessment findings
- Vital signs (BP, pulse, skin color, orthostatic vital signs)
- Abdomen (Distention and tenderness)
- Genitourinary (Visible bleeding)
- Neurologic (Mental status)
Your physical examination of a gynecologic patient should be ___
Limited and professional
Fever should always be considered a sign of ___
An infectious process
PID associated abdominal pain generally starts ___
During or after normal menstruation
With PID, inquiring about the date of the patient’s last ___ is important
Menstrual cycle
Abdominal pain with PID characteristics
Achey and may be made worse with walking
Patients with PID often present with a distinctive gait that appears as ___
A shuffle when they walk
