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Emergency Medical Technician > Principles of Pharmacology - Administering part 1 > Flashcards

Principles of Pharmacology - Administering part 1 Flashcards

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Royal College: Emergency Medicine flashcards USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

As an EMT, you may only administer medications for which you have ___

A

An order from medical control

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2
Q

The general steps of administering any medication to a patient are called ___

A

The rights of medication administration

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3
Q

After medication has been administered, you will need to ___

A

Reassess the patient to see if it worked

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4
Q

If the order to administer medication is given via online medical control, it is important that you ___

A

Repeat the order back to the physician. The echo technique

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5
Q

The “rights” of medication administration

A
  1. Right patient
  2. Right medication & indication
  3. Right dose
  4. Right route
  5. Right time
  6. Right education
  7. Right to refuse
  8. Right response & evaluation
  9. Right documentation
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6
Q

Method used to prevent a medication error

A

Verbal cross-check procedure

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7
Q

Verbal cross-check procedure

A

A1. “Med Check”
B1. “Ready”
A2. “I am going to give (medication name, dose, and route) for (indication)”
B2. “Contraindications?”
A3. “None (if none)”
B3. “Volume?”
A4. Show the medication container and the syringe, tablets, or device that is used to measure the dose
B4. “Give it” (if agree it is correct)

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8
Q

How to do verbal cross-check by yourself

A

Pause and say both sides out loud

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9
Q

Circumstances for an EMT administering medication

A
  1. Peer-assisted medication
  2. Patient-assisted medication
  3. EMT-administered medication
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10
Q

You are assisting medication to yourself or your partner

A

Peer-assisted medication

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11
Q

Assisting the patient with the administration of their own medication

A

Patient-assisted medication

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12
Q

You directly administer a medication to a patient

A

EMT-administered medication

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13
Q

Medications for infants and children are typically ordered based on their weight in ___

A

Kilograms

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14
Q

How to convert pounds to kilograms

A

Divide the pounds by 2.2

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15
Q

Dosing for infants and children is expressed as ___

A

mg or mL per kg of body weight

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16
Q

What tool to use to estimate weight

A

Broselow tape

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17
Q

Steps for oral medication administration

A
  1. Rights of administration
  2. Take standard precautions
  3. Confirm the medication is not expired
  4. Obtain medical direction per local protocol
  5. Confirm that the patient has a patent airway and is able to swallow or follow instructions, then instruct the patient to swallow or chew the medication
  6. Monitor the patient’s condition and document
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18
Q

Extremely low blood glucose level

A

Hypoglycemia

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19
Q

Hypoglycemia can be caused by an excess of ___

A

Insulin

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20
Q

A simple sugar that is readily absorbed by the bloodstream

A

Oral glucose

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21
Q

As an EMT you can give glucose only by ___

A

Mouth

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22
Q

The reason that oral glucose acts faster than fruit or a soda

A

Its a simple sugar

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23
Q

Never give anything by mouth to a patient with ___

A

A decreased LOC

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24
Q

Aspirin is also called ___

A

Acetylsalicylic acid or ASA

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25
Q

Aspirin is an ___

A

Antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory medication that inhibits platelet aggregation

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26
Q

Antipyretic

A

Reduces fever

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27
Q

Analgesic

A

Reduces pain

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28
Q

Trade name of aspirin

A

Bayer

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29
Q

Indications for aspirin

A

Relief of mild pain, headache, muscle aches, fever, chest pain of cardiac origin

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30
Q

Contraindications for aspirin

A

Hypersensitivity, recent bleeding

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31
Q

Routes for aspirin

A

PO

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32
Q

Adverse effects of aspirin

A

Nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, bleeding, allergic reactions

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33
Q

Interactions of aspirin

A

Caution should be used in patients who are taking anticoagulants

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34
Q

Adult dose of aspirin

A

160 to 325 mg, 160 to 325 mg chewable tablets for chest pain

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35
Q

Administration concerns for aspirin

A

Do not administer for pain caused by trauma or for fevers in children; patients with chest pain must be able to chew tablets

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36
Q

Action of aspirin

A

Anti-inflammatory agent and anti-fever agent; prevents platelets from clumping, thereby decreasing formation of new clots

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37
Q

Generic name of ipratropium

A

Atrovent

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38
Q

Action of ipratropium

A

Common fast-acting MDI medications (albuterol, Proventil, Ventolin)

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39
Q

Indications for ipratropium

A

Stimulates nervous system, causing bronchodilation

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40
Q

Contraindications for ipratropium

A

Asthma/difficulty breathing with wheezing

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41
Q

Routes for ipratropium

A

Inhalation

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42
Q

Adverse effects of ipratropium

A

Hypersensitivity; tachycardia; chest pain of cardiac origin

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43
Q

Interactions for ipratropium

A

Hypertension, tachycardia, anxiety, restlessness

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44
Q

Adult does of ipratropium

A

1 to 2 inhalations; wait 5 minutes before repeating dose

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45
Q

Administration concerns for ipratropium

A

Increases effect of other nervous system stimulants

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46
Q

Generic name of epinephrine

A

EpiPen

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47
Q

Action of epinephrine

A

Stimulates nervous system causing bronchodilation

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48
Q

Indications for epinephrine

A

Anaphylactic reaction

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49
Q

Contraindications for epinephrine

A

Chest pain of cardiac origin; hypothermia; hypertension

50
Q

Routes for epinephrine

A

IM

51
Q

Adverse effects of epinephrine

A

Hypertension, tachycardia, anxiety, restlessness

52
Q

Interactions of ephinephrine

A

Increases effects of other nervous system stimulants

53
Q

Adult dose of ephinephrine

A

0.3 mg for adult; 0.15 mg for children

54
Q

Administration concerns for epinephrine

A

Medication will last approximately for 5 minutes; do not repeat dose; ensure ALS is enroute for continuing treatment

55
Q

Generic name of naloxone

A

Narcan, EVZIO auto-injector

56
Q

Action of naloxone

A

Reverses respiratory depression secondary to opioid overdose

57
Q

Indications of naloxone

A

Opioid poisoning

58
Q

Contraindications of naloxone

A

Hypersensitivity

59
Q

Routes for naloxone

A

IM, IN

60
Q

Adverse effects of naloxone

A

Nausea, vomiting

61
Q

Interactions of naloxone

A

Additional doses may be required for severe opioid overdoses

62
Q

Adult dose of naloxone

A

2 mg IN or IM auto-injector

63
Q

Administration concerns for naloxone

A

Patients may wake up combative

64
Q

Generic name of nitroglycerin

A

Nitrostat, Nitromist

65
Q

Action of nitroglycerin

A

Dilates blood vessels

66
Q

Indications of nitroglycerin

A

Chest pain of cardiac origin

67
Q

Contraindications of nitroglycerin

A

Hypotension; use of sildenafil (Viagra) or another treatment for ED within the previous 24 hours; head injury

68
Q

Routes for nitroglycerin

A

SL tablet or spray

69
Q

Adverse effects of nitroglycerin

A

Headache, burning under tongue, hypotension, nausea

70
Q

Interactions of nitroglycerin

A

Increases dilating effect of other blood vessel-dilating medications

71
Q

Adult dose of nitroglycerin

A

0.3 to 0.4 mg SL; 0.4 mg spray

72
Q

Administration concerns of nitroglycerin

A

Ensure ALS is en route

73
Q

Generic name of oral glucose

A

Glutose

74
Q

Action of oral glucose

A

When absorbed, provides glucose for cell use

75
Q

Indications for oral glucose

A

Low blood glucose (hypoglycemia)

76
Q

Contraindications for oral glucose

A

Decreased LOC; nausea; vomiting

77
Q

Routes for oral glucose

A

PO

78
Q

Adverse effects for oral glucose

A

Nausea, vomiting

79
Q

Interactions for oral glucose

A

None

80
Q

Adult dose of oral glucose

A

1/2 to 1 tube

81
Q

Administration concerns for oral glucose

A

Patient must be awake, have control of airway, and be able to follow commands

82
Q

Action of oxygen

A

Reverses hypoxia; provides oxygen to be absorbed by the lungs

83
Q

Indications for oxygen

A

Hypoxia or suspected hypoxia

84
Q

Contraindications for oxygen

A

Very rarely used in patients with COPD; no not use near open flames

85
Q

Routes for oxygen

A

Inhalation

86
Q

Adverse effects for oxygen

A

Decreased respiratory effort in rare cases in patients with COPD

87
Q

Interactions of oxygen

A

Can support combustion

88
Q

Adult dose of oxygen

A

Use oxygen delivery devices to administer 28% to 100% oxygen

89
Q

Administration concerns for oxygen

A

No open flames nearby; do not withhold oxygen from patients in respiratory distress

90
Q

Generic name of acetaminophen

A

Tylenol

91
Q

Action of acetaminophen

A

Analgesic and fever reducer

92
Q

Indications for acetaminophen

A

Relief of mild pain or fever, headache, muscle aches

93
Q

Contraindications for acetaminophen

A

Hypersensitivity

94
Q

Routes of acetaminophen

A

PO

95
Q

Adverse effects of acetaminophen

A

Allergic reaction

96
Q

Interactions of acetaminophen

A

Take caution to avoid potential overdosing

97
Q

Adult dose of acetaminophen

A

500 to 1000 mg every 4 hours as needed; dose is weight based for children

98
Q

Administration concerns for acetaminophen

A

Weight of child is more important than age

99
Q

Generic name of diphenhydramine

A

Benadryl

100
Q

Action of diphenhydramine

A

Antihistamine

101
Q

Indications for diphenhydramine

A

Mild allergic reactions

102
Q

Contraindications for diphenhydramine

A

Asthma; glaucoma; pregnancy; hypertension; infants

103
Q

Routes for diphenhydramine

A

PO

104
Q

Adverse effects of diphenhydramine

A

Sleepiness (although can stimulate children), dry mouth and throat

105
Q

Interactions for diphenhydramine

A

Do not take with alcohol or MAO inhibitors (a type of psychiatric medication)

106
Q

Adult dose of diphenhydramine

A

25 to 50 mg

107
Q

Administration concerns for diphenhydramine

A

Can use in severe allergic reaction; however, epinephrine is administered first

108
Q

Generic name of ibuprofen

A

Advil, Motrin, Nuprin

109
Q

Action of ibuprofen

A

NSAID that reduces inflammation and fever; analgesic

110
Q

Indications for ibuprofen

A

Mild pain or fever, headache, muscle aches

111
Q

Contraindications for ibuprofen

A

Hypersensitivity

112
Q

Routes for ibuprofen

A

PO

113
Q

Adverse effects of ibuprofen

A

Nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, bleeding, allergic reactions

114
Q

Interactions of ibuprofen

A

Do not take with aspirin

115
Q

Adult dose for ibuprofen

A

200 to 400 mg every 4 to 6 hours; dose is weight based in children

116
Q

Administration concerns

A

Do not take for pain caused by trauma; weight of child is more important than age

117
Q

NSAID

A

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug

118
Q

Absolute contraindications for Aspirin

A
  1. Documented hypersensitivity to aspirin
  2. Pre-existing liver damage
119
Q

Relative contraindications for Aspirin

A
  1. Bleeding disorders
  2. Asthma
120
Q

Because of the association of aspirin with ___, it should not be given to children

A

Reye syndrome

Emergency Medical Technician (100 decks)

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