Abdominal & Genitourinary Injuries

Question 1

Major body cavity extending from the diaphragm to the pelvis

Answer 1

Abdomen

Question 2

Overlooked genitourinary injury can increase the patient’s risk for ___

Answer 2

1. Incontinence
2. Infertility
3. Impotence
4. Other life-altering consequences

Question 3

In pediatric patients, the ___ are very large in proportion to the size of the abdominal cavity

Answer 3

Liver and spleen

Question 4

Hollow organs

Answer 4

1. Stomach
2. Large and small intestines
3. Gallbladder
4. Ureters
5. Urinary bladder

Question 5

Lining of the abdominal cavity

Answer 5

Peritoneum

Question 6

Peritonitis

Answer 6

Inflammation and pain of the peritoneum

Question 7

First signs of peritonitis

Answer 7

Severe abdominal pain, tenderness, and muscular spasm

Question 8

Parts of the small intestine

Answer 8

1. Duodenum
2. Jejunum
3. Ileum

Question 9

Parts the large intestine

Answer 9

1. Cecum
2. Colon
3. Rectum

Question 10

Intestinal blood supply comes from the ___

Answer 10

Mesentery

Question 11

An fold of tissue that attaches an organ to the body wall

Answer 11

Mesentery

Question 12

A fold of tissue that contains a web of vessels, both arteries and veins, as well as nerves and lymphatic tissues. It connects the small intestine to the posterior of the abdominal wall

Answer 12

Intestinal mesentery

Question 13

Patients with injuries to the intestinal mesentery can ___

Answer 13

Bleed significantly into the peritoneal cavity

Question 14

Solid masses of tissue

Answer 14

Solid organs

Question 15

Solid organs

Answer 15

1. Liver
2. Spleen
3. Pancreas
4. Kidneys

Question 16

Organs in geriatric patients particularly vulnerable during a fall

Answer 16

Aorta, liver, and spleen

Question 17

In later stages of pregnancy, the gravid uterus displaces the ___

Answer 17

Urinary bladder to the anterior

Question 18

Three levels of velocity commonly used in the discussion of traumatic injures

Answer 18

1. Low velocity
2. Medium velocity
3. High velocity

Question 19

Free air in the peritoneal cavity indicates ___

Answer 19

A hollow organ or loop of bowel has been perforated

Question 20

Largest organ in the abdomen

Answer 20

The liver

Question 21

Common finding during assessment of patients with an injured liver

Answer 21

Referred pain to the right shoulder

Question 22

The liver is often injured by ___

Answer 22

A fractured lower right rib or a penetrating injury

Question 23

___ occurs in some cases of splenic injury

Answer 23

Referred left shoulder pain

Question 24

Patients with a ruptured diaphragm who are placed supine will ___

Answer 24

Have more organs spill into the thoracic cavity causing shortness of breath and anxiety

Question 25

Common finding with a kidney injury

Answer 25

Hematuria

Question 26

When a patient complains of tearing pain that travels from the abdomen to the back, they could be experiencing ___

Answer 26

A dissecting abdominal aneurysm

Question 27

Pain that radiates from the lateral hip to the midline of the groin might be a sign of ___

Answer 27

Damage to the kidneys or ureter

Question 28

Pain located predominately in the RLQ might be indicative of ___

Answer 28

An inflamed or ruptured appendix

Question 29

When the gallbladder is injured or inflamed, the patient may report having ___

Answer 29

Pain just under the margin of the ribs on the right side or pain between the shoulder blades

Question 30

As blood and fluid from damaged organs flow into the peritoneal cavity, the common response is ___

Answer 30

Acute pain that gradually spreads across the entire abdomen

Question 31

Pain provoked by removal of pressure

Answer 31

Rebound tenderness

Question 32

Occurs when the patient tenses up or stiffens their abdominal muscles in a conscious effort to splint the area

Answer 32

Voluntary guarding

Question 33

___ persists even when the patient is distracted

Answer 33

Involuntary guarding

Question 34

Involuntary guarding is the result of ___

Answer 34

Muscle spasms from peritonitis

Question 35

Which quadrant to start palpating for pain and why

Answer 35

An area with no reported pain. To investigate for radiation and extension of the pain without causing the patient to voluntarily guard the rest of the abdomen

Question 36

Palpation should begin with ___

Answer 36

A light touch

Question 37

The objective of palpating the abdomen

Answer 37

To pinpoint pain’s location

Question 38

Bruises in the RUQ, LUQ, or flank might suggest ___

Answer 38

An injury to the liver, spleen, or kidney respectively

Question 39

Bruises around the umbilicus may signify ___

Answer 39

Severe internal bleeding in the abdomen

Question 40

Allow a patient with evisceration to ___ to reduce tension in the abdominal cavity

Answer 40

Flex their knees

Question 41

Severe lacerations of the abdominal wall may produce ___

Answer 41

An evisceration

Question 42

If an evisceration is discovered, ___

Answer 42

Place a sterile dressing moistened with normal saline over the wound, apply a bandage, and transport

Question 43

The eviscerated area should be kept ___

Answer 43

Warm and moist

Question 44

Suspect kidney damage if the patient has a history or physical evidence of ___

Answer 44

1. An abrasion, laceration, or contusion in the flank
2. A penetrating wound in the flank or upper abdomen
3. Fractures on either side of the lower thoracic or upper lumbar vertebrae
4. A hematoma in the flank region

Question 45

Supine hypotensive syndrome

Answer 45

The uterus obstructs the vena cava if the pregnant patient is supine

Question 46

A pregnant person should be placed on their ___

Answer 46

Left side

Question 47

If a pregnant person is placed on a backboard, ___

Answer 47

Tilt the board to the left

Question 48

General rules when treating an injury to male genitalia

Answer 48

1. Make the patient comfortable
2. Cover abrasions with a sterile, moist compress
3. To control bleeding, apply direct pressure with dry, sterile gauze dressings
4. Never remove or manipulate objects impaled or embedded in the urethra
5. Retrieved avulsed skin and transport with the patient (only if it doesn’t interfere with transport or emergency care)

Question 49

Transporting avulsed penis

Answer 49

Wrap in soft, sterile dressing moistened with sterile saline solution; place in a bag with the patient’s name, and transport with patient