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Honors Anatomy > The Skeletal System (Axial) Pt. 2 > Flashcards

The Skeletal System (Axial) Pt. 2 Flashcards

1
Q

How many vertebral bones exist in the spine during fetal development?

A

During fetal development, the spine consists of 33 separate bones called vertebrae

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2
Q

What are the separate bones of the spine called?

A

Vertebrae

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3
Q

How many of the 33 (fetal) vertebrae will fuse into composite bones?

A

Nine of these vertebrae will fuse forming two composite bones

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4
Q

What are the two composite bones that are formed from the fusing of 33 (fetal) vertebrae into nine bones? (2)

A
  • Sacrum
  • Coccyx
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5
Q

What do the sacrum and coccyx construct?

A
  • Construct the inferior portion of the vertebral column
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6
Q

How many single bones exist in the vertebrae?

A

24 single bones

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7
Q

What are the first seven vertebrae called?

A

Cervical vertebrae

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8
Q

How many vertebrae are in the cervical vertebrae?

A

Seven

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9
Q

What are the next twelve vertebrae called?

A

Thoracic vertebrae

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10
Q

How many vertebrae are in the thoracic vertebrae?

A

Twelve

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11
Q

What are the last five vertebrae called?

A

Lumbar vertebrae

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12
Q

How many vertebrae are in the lumbar vertebrae?

A

Five

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13
Q

What vertebrae support the lower back?

A

Lumbar vertebrae

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14
Q

How should the vertebrae be remembered?

A

A good way to help remember thee vertebrae numbers might be to identify them with common meal times, 7 a.m., 12 p.m., and 5 p.m.

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15
Q

What is the order of the vertebrae? (5)

A
  • 7 Cervical vertebrae
  • 12 Thoracic vertebrae
  • 5 Lumbar vertebrae
  • Sacrum
  • Coccyx
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16
Q

What are intervertebral discs?

A

Pads of flexible fibrocartilage which separate the single vertebrae

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17
Q

What does fibrocartilage do?

A

Separates the single vertebrae

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18
Q

What is the shape of the vertebral column?

A

The vertebral column is “S” shaped

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19
Q

What do the discs and the “s” shaped column prevent? When do they prevent it? (2)

A
  • The discs along with the “s” shaped structure of the vertebral column work together to prevent shock to the head
  • When walking and running
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20
Q

What do the “s” shaped column and vertebral column make up?

A

They also make the body trunk

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21
Q

What is the body of the vertebrae called?

A

Centrum

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22
Q

What are the features of the body or centrum of the individual vertebrae? Where does the weight-bearing part of the vertebrae face in the vertebral column? (2)

A
  • Disc like
  • Weight-bearing part of the vertebrae facing anteriorly in the vertebral column
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23
Q

What is the vertebral arch?

A

Arch formed from the joining of all posterior extentions

24
Q

What forms the vertebral body? (2)

A
  • laminae
  • pedicles
25
Q

What is the vertebral foramen?

A

Canal through which the spinal cord passes

26
Q

What are the transverse processes?

A

Two lateral projections from the vertebral arch

27
Q

What are the seven cervical vertebrae identified as?

A

C1 to C7

28
Q

What do the seven cervical vertebrae form?

A

For the neck region of the spine

29
Q

What is the C1 vertebrae called?
What is the C2 vertebrae called? (2)

A
  • Atlas (C1)
  • Axis (C2)
30
Q

What does the atlas receive at the skull?

A

Receives the occipital condyles of the skull

31
Q

What does the atlas allow us to do?What doesn’t the atlas have? (2)

A
  • Allows us to nod yes
  • Does not have a centrum
32
Q

What does the axis act as?

A

Acts a a pivot for the rotation of the atlas and skull

33
Q

What are the 12 thoracic vertebrae identified with? What describes them? (2)

A
  • Identified as T1 to T12
  • They are all typical
34
Q

What are the thoracic vertebrae larger than?

A

Larger than the cervical vertebrae

35
Q

What is the body somewhat shaped as?

A

Somewhat heart-shaped

36
Q

What does the thoracic cavity have on each side?

A

Has two coastal clemifacets (articulating surfaces) on each side

37
Q

What do the thoracic vertebrae receive?

A

Receive the heads of the ribs

38
Q

What are the five lumbar vertebrae identified as?

A

Identified as L1 to L5

39
Q

Description of lumbar vertebrae? (4)

A
  • They have massive block-like bodies
  • Short
  • Hatchet-shaped spinous processes
  • Look like a moose head from the lateral aspect
40
Q

What are the alae? Where do they articulate and what do they form? (2)

A
  • Wing-like in shape
  • Articulates laterally with the hip bones, forming the sacroiliac joints
41
Q

What does the sacrum form?

A

The posterior wall of the pelvis

42
Q

What is the sacral canal?

A

The vertebral canal continuing inside the sacrum

43
Q

What is the coccyx formed from?

A

Formed from the fusion of three to five tiny, irregularly shaped vertebrae

44
Q

What is the coccyx a remnant of?

A

Is the human “tailbone”, a remnant of the tail that other vertebrae animals have

45
Q

What is another name for sternum?

A

Breastbone

46
Q

What is the sternum (breastbone)? (first 2)

A
  • A typical flat bone
  • Result of the fusion of three bones:
    1. The manubrium
    2. The body
    3. The xiphoid process
47
Q

What are the three bones that fuse to create the sternum? (3)

A
  • the manubrium
  • the body
  • the xiphoid process
48
Q

What pairs of ribs are the sternum attached to?

A

the first several pairs

49
Q

What is the jugular notch?

A

concave upper border of manubrium

50
Q

What can be done to the jugular notch easily?

A

can be palpated (examined by touch) easily

51
Q

What are the true ribs?

A

first seven pairs

52
Q

In what way do the true ribs attach to the sternum and by what? (2)

A
  • attach directly to the sternum
  • by costal cartilage
53
Q

What are false ribs?

A

next five pairs

54
Q

In what two ways false ribs attached to the sternum? (2)

A
  • either attach indirectly to the sternum
  • or are not attached to the sternum
55
Q

What are floating ribs? What do they not attach to?

A

The last two pairs of false ribs that do not attach to the sternum

56
Q

What are the intercostal spaces between the ribs filled with? What does that filling aid with?

A

Are filled with intercostal muscles that aid in breathing

Honors Anatomy (30 decks)

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