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Honors Anatomy > Joints > Flashcards

Joints Flashcards

1
Q

What do two bones form?

A

Every bone in the human body forms a joint with at least one other bone

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2
Q

What is the exception of joints?

A

The hyoid bone of the neck

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3
Q

What does the functional classification focus on?

A

The functional classification focuses on the amount of movement allowed by the joint

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4
Q

Three functional classifications (3):

A
  • Synarthroses
  • Amphiarthroses
  • Diarthroses
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5
Q

What are synarthroses?

A

Immoveable joints

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6
Q

What are amphiarthroses?

A

Slightly moveable joints

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7
Q

What are diarthroses?

A

Freely moveable joints

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8
Q

What causes sprains to happen?

A

Result when ligaments reinforcing a joint are stretched or torn

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9
Q

What are common sprain sites in the human body? (3)

A
  • Lumbar region of the spine
  • Ankle
  • Knee
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10
Q

What is another name for dislocation?

A

Luxation

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11
Q

How do dislocations (laxations) occur?

A

Occur when bones are forced out of alignment

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12
Q

What are dislocations (luxation) accompanied by? (3)

A
  • Sprains
  • Inflammation
  • Joint immobilization
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13
Q

What can dislocations result from? When are they common? (2)

A
  • Dislocations may result from serious falls
  • Are common contact sport injuries
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14
Q

How do cartilage injuries happen?

A

Most cartilage injuries involve tearing of the knee - menisci

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15
Q

What is the menisci?

A

Semilunar cartilage pad

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16
Q

What kind of blood supply does cartilage have? (2)

A
  • Avascular
  • Has no blood supply to it
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17
Q

What can cartilage rarely obtain? What happens when it is torn? (2)

A
  • Rarely can obtain sufficient nourishment to repair itself
  • Thus, it usually stays torn
18
Q

What is arthroscopic surgery?

A

A common procedure performed by physicians to remove the central (nonvascular) part of the damaged cartilage

19
Q

What is bursitis? What is it caused by? (2)

A
  • Inflammation of the bursa
  • Usually caused by a blow or friction
20
Q

Example of what can cause bursitis:

A

Falling on one’s knee may result in a painful bursitis, of the prepatellar bursa

21
Q

What is bursitis known as?

A

This is commonly known as housemaid’s knee or water on the knee

22
Q

What is student’s elbow known as?

A

Olecranon bursitis

23
Q

What causes student’s elbow?

A

Caused by prolonged leaning on one’s elbow damaging the bursa close to the olecranon process

24
Q

What is tendonitis?

A

Inflammation of tendnn sheaths

25
Q

What causes tendonitis?

A

Caused by overuse

26
Q

What do the symptoms of tendonitis mirror? (2)

A

Bursitis
- Pain, swelling

27
Q

What is treatment for tendonitis?(3)

A
  • Rest
  • Ice
  • Anti-inflammatory drugs
28
Q

How many types of arthritis are there?

A

Over 100 types

29
Q

Description of arthritis: (3)

A
  • Inflammatory
  • Degenerative diseases
  • That damage the joints
30
Q

What kind of disease is arthritis?

A

Most widespread crippling disease in the United States

31
Q

How many people in America get arthritis?

A

One out of seven Americans suffers from its ravages

32
Q

Abbreviation for Osteoarthritis:

A

OA

33
Q

What kind of arthritis is osteoarthritis?

A

The most common chronic (long term) arthritis

34
Q

What is OA called?

A

Is often called “wear and tear” arthritis

35
Q

Who is OA most prevalent in?

A

Most prevalent in the aged

36
Q

What is OA related to?

A

Probably related to normal aging process

37
Q

What is the trigger for rheumatoid arthritis? (2)

A
  • Initial trigger of this reactions is unknown
  • Streptococcus bacterium and viruses have been suspect
38
Q

What is another name for gouty arthritis?

A

Gout

39
Q

What is uric acid?

A

A normal waste product of nucleic acid of metabolism

40
Q

What causes gout?

A

Uric acid accumulates in the blood and may be deposited as needle shaped crystals in the soft tissue of joints

41
Q

What is another name for gout and why? (2)

A
  • Rich man’s disease
  • Because of the types of foods that can cause it

Honors Anatomy (30 decks)

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