Joints Flashcards
What do two bones form?
Every bone in the human body forms a joint with at least one other bone
What is the exception of joints?
The hyoid bone of the neck
What does the functional classification focus on?
The functional classification focuses on the amount of movement allowed by the joint
Three functional classifications (3):
- Synarthroses
- Amphiarthroses
- Diarthroses
What are synarthroses?
Immoveable joints
What are amphiarthroses?
Slightly moveable joints
What are diarthroses?
Freely moveable joints
What causes sprains to happen?
Result when ligaments reinforcing a joint are stretched or torn
What are common sprain sites in the human body? (3)
- Lumbar region of the spine
- Ankle
- Knee
What is another name for dislocation?
Luxation
How do dislocations (laxations) occur?
Occur when bones are forced out of alignment
What are dislocations (luxation) accompanied by? (3)
- Sprains
- Inflammation
- Joint immobilization
What can dislocations result from? When are they common? (2)
- Dislocations may result from serious falls
- Are common contact sport injuries
How do cartilage injuries happen?
Most cartilage injuries involve tearing of the knee - menisci
What is the menisci?
Semilunar cartilage pad
What kind of blood supply does cartilage have? (2)
- Avascular
- Has no blood supply to it
What can cartilage rarely obtain? What happens when it is torn? (2)
- Rarely can obtain sufficient nourishment to repair itself
- Thus, it usually stays torn
What is arthroscopic surgery?
A common procedure performed by physicians to remove the central (nonvascular) part of the damaged cartilage
What is bursitis? What is it caused by? (2)
- Inflammation of the bursa
- Usually caused by a blow or friction
Example of what can cause bursitis:
Falling on one’s knee may result in a painful bursitis, of the prepatellar bursa
What is bursitis known as?
This is commonly known as housemaid’s knee or water on the knee
What is student’s elbow known as?
Olecranon bursitis
What causes student’s elbow?
Caused by prolonged leaning on one’s elbow damaging the bursa close to the olecranon process
What is tendonitis?
Inflammation of tendnn sheaths
What causes tendonitis?
Caused by overuse
What do the symptoms of tendonitis mirror? (2)
Bursitis
- Pain, swelling
What is treatment for tendonitis?(3)
- Rest
- Ice
- Anti-inflammatory drugs
How many types of arthritis are there?
Over 100 types
Description of arthritis: (3)
- Inflammatory
- Degenerative diseases
- That damage the joints
What kind of disease is arthritis?
Most widespread crippling disease in the United States
How many people in America get arthritis?
One out of seven Americans suffers from its ravages
Abbreviation for Osteoarthritis:
OA
What kind of arthritis is osteoarthritis?
The most common chronic (long term) arthritis
What is OA called?
Is often called “wear and tear” arthritis
Who is OA most prevalent in?
Most prevalent in the aged
What is OA related to?
Probably related to normal aging process
What is the trigger for rheumatoid arthritis? (2)
- Initial trigger of this reactions is unknown
- Streptococcus bacterium and viruses have been suspect
What is another name for gouty arthritis?
Gout
What is uric acid?
A normal waste product of nucleic acid of metabolism
What causes gout?
Uric acid accumulates in the blood and may be deposited as needle shaped crystals in the soft tissue of joints
What is another name for gout and why? (2)
- Rich man’s disease
- Because of the types of foods that can cause it
