Joints Flashcards
What do two bones form?
Every bone in the human body forms a joint with at least one other bone
What is the exception of joints?
The hyoid bone of the neck
What does the functional classification focus on?
The functional classification focuses on the amount of movement allowed by the joint
Three functional classifications (3):
- Synarthroses
- Amphiarthroses
- Diarthroses
What are synarthroses?
Immoveable joints
What are amphiarthroses?
Slightly moveable joints
What are diarthroses?
Freely moveable joints
What causes sprains to happen?
Result when ligaments reinforcing a joint are stretched or torn
What are common sprain sites in the human body? (3)
- Lumbar region of the spine
- Ankle
- Knee
What is another name for dislocation?
Luxation
How do dislocations (laxations) occur?
Occur when bones are forced out of alignment
What are dislocations (luxation) accompanied by? (3)
- Sprains
- Inflammation
- Joint immobilization
What can dislocations result from? When are they common? (2)
- Dislocations may result from serious falls
- Are common contact sport injuries
How do cartilage injuries happen?
Most cartilage injuries involve tearing of the knee - menisci
What is the menisci?
Semilunar cartilage pad
What kind of blood supply does cartilage have? (2)
- Avascular
- Has no blood supply to it
What can cartilage rarely obtain? What happens when it is torn? (2)
- Rarely can obtain sufficient nourishment to repair itself
- Thus, it usually stays torn
What is arthroscopic surgery?
A common procedure performed by physicians to remove the central (nonvascular) part of the damaged cartilage
What is bursitis? What is it caused by? (2)
- Inflammation of the bursa
- Usually caused by a blow or friction
Example of what can cause bursitis:
Falling on one’s knee may result in a painful bursitis, of the prepatellar bursa
What is bursitis known as?
This is commonly known as housemaid’s knee or water on the knee
What is student’s elbow known as?
Olecranon bursitis
What causes student’s elbow?
Caused by prolonged leaning on one’s elbow damaging the bursa close to the olecranon process
What is tendonitis?
Inflammation of tendnn sheaths
