Blood and Lymphatic System (Pt. 2) Flashcards
Under the microscope, how do platelets appear? What is normal platelet count in the blood? (2)
- Appear as darkly stained irregular shaped bodies among other blood cells
- 300,000/mm3
What are platelets needed for?
Needed for the clotting process that occurs in plasma when blood vessels are ruptured or broken
What will blood flow smoothly past?
Past an intact lining (endothelium) of blood vessel walls
What happnes when a blood vessel wall breaks? What does homeostasis mean for blood? (2)
- A series of reactions is set into motion to accomplish homeostasis
- Meaning “blood standing still”
What are three major phases of homeostasis that occur in rapid sequence? (3)
- The platelet plug
- Vascular spasms occur
- Coagulation events occur
What is thombus? What happens if a thombus is too large? (2)
- Clot that develops and persists in an unbroken blood vessel
- Prevent blood flow to the cells beyond the blockage
What happens if a thombus forms in the blood vessels serving the heart?
Consequences may be death of heart muscle and fatal heart attack
What does hemophilia apply to? What do they result from? What can result in prolonged bleeding? (3)
- Applies to several different hereditary bleeding disorders
- Result from a lack of any of the factors needed for clotting
- Minor tissue trauma results in prolonged bleeding and can be life threatening
What are antigens? What do they stimulate the immune system to do? (2)
- Substances that the body recognizes as foreign
- Stimulates it to release antibodies or use other means to mount a defense against it
What kind of antigens can we tolerate? What would happen if we received another’s with different RBC antigens? (2)
- We can tolerate our own cellular antigens
- They would be recognized as foreign
ABO blood groups are based on which of two antigens a person inherits? What happens when there is a presence of both? What happens when there is an absence of both antigens? (3)
- Type A or Type B
- Type AB
- Type O
As blood travels throughout the body, gases, nutrients, and wastes exchange between blood and what fluid? What do lyphatic vessels do to the fluids?
- Interstitial fluid
- Responsible for slurping up the fluids
As blood travels throughout the body, gases, nutrients, and wastes exchange between blood and what fluid? What do lymphatic vessels do to the fluids?
- Interstitial fluid
- Responsible for slurping up the fluids (called lymph)
What happens if too many bacteria or viruses are trapped in the nodes? A cancerous lymph node will be swollen, but not… (2)
- The nodes become inflamed
- But not painful
What does the spleen filter? What does the spleen not filter? What does it destroy and returns what products to the liver? (3)
- Filters blood of bacteria, viruses, and debris
- Does not filter lymph
- Destroys worn out red blood cells and returns breakdown products to the liver
What does the spleen store? What kind of reservoir is it? (2)
- Stores platelets
- Blood reservoir
In a hemorrhage, blood from what is secreted? In a fetus, what does the spleen form? In an adult, what does the spleen form? (3)
- Blood from spleen and liver is secreted
- Forms blood cells
- In an adult, forms lymphocytes
When is the thymus mainly active? What hormone does it produce?
- Active mainly in childhood
- Produces the hormone thymosin
What does the thymus function in programming? What do the lymphocytes distinguish between? (2)
- Functions in the programming of lymphocytes
- Distinguish between our own cells and foreign cells
What do tonsils do?
- Trap and remove and bacteria or other foreign pathogens
Where are Peyer’s Patches located in? Where is the appendix located? (2)
- Located in distal part of small intestine
- Located as an offshoot of the large intestine
What is MALT? What is part of MALT? What do they all do? (3)
- Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue
- Tonsils, Peyer’s patches, and the appendix
- All do essentially the same thing
- Skin
- Mucous membranes
- Secretions of skin and mucous membranes
What line of defense is this? (2)
- First line of defense
- Innate (nonspecific)
- Phagocytic cells
- Natural killer cells
- Antimicrobial proteins
- Inflammatory response
- Fever
What line of defense is this?
Second line of defense
