Semester 1 Final (Pt. 1) Flashcards
Medial and Lateral (2)
- Towards midline of body
- Towards sides, away from midline
Anterior and Posterior (2)
- Towards front
- Towards the back
Proximal and Distal (2)
- Closer to attachment point
- Further from attachment point
Inferior and Superior (2)
- Away from head/towards foot
- Towards the head
Superficial and Deep (2)
- Towards surface/outside
- Further from outside
- Sternum is medial to shoulders
- Ears are lateral to nose
Example of medial and Example of lateral
- Mandible is anterior to occipital bone
- Back is posterior to belly
Example of anterior and Example of posterior
- Humerus is proximal to ulna
- Fingers are distal to the shoulder
Example of proximal and Example of distal
- Stomach is inferior to mouth
- Head is superior to feet
Example of inferior and Example of superior
- Skin is superficial to muscles
- Heart is deep to ribs
Example of superficial and Example of deep
Difference between anatomy and physiology (2)
- Anatomy - name and location
- Physiology - Function of structures
What is homeostasis
State of wellbeing
Examples of homeostasis (need 3)
- Blood pressure
- Body temperature
- Blood pH
- Sugar levels
Locations: Brachial. Carpal, Axillary (3)
- Brachial: Upper arm
- Carpal: Wrist
- Axillary: Armpit
Locations: Antecubical, Sacral, Gluteal (3)
- Antecubical: Front of elbow
- Sacral: Tailbone area
- Gluteal: Buttock
What do the following tissues look like: cuboidal, columnar, and squamous (3)
- Cuboidal: Dice
- Columnar: Columns
- Squamous: FIsh scales
Four types of tissues (4)
- Epithelial
- Nervous
- Connective
- Muscle
Four functions of epithelial tissue (4) (FASP)
- Filtration
- Absorption
- Secretion
- Protection
Difference between simple and stratified tissue layers (2)
- Simple: One cell layer
- Stratified: More than once cell layer
Difference between tendons and ligaments (2)
- Tendons: Muscle to bone
- Ligaments: Bone to bone
Difference between adipose and nervous tissue (2)
- Adipose: Fat
- Nervous: Made of neurons
Five epidermis layers (outside to inside) (5)
- Stratum corneum
- Stratum lucidum
- Stratum granulosum
- Stratum spinosum
- Stratum basale
Five epidermis layers (inside to outside) (5)
- Stratum basale
- Stratum spinosum
- Stratum granulosum
- Stratum lucidum
- Stratum corneum
Difference between apocrine and eccrine glands (2)
- Apocrine: sweat glands in armpits and groin
- Eccrine: sweat glands all over body
Difference between root and shaft of the hair (2)
- Root: enclosed in follicle
- Shaft: projects out of skin
List and describe parts of the nail (4)
- Free edge: tip of nail
- Body: main part
- Root: under the skin
- Matrix: responsible for growth
What is an event that takes place at the epiphyseal plate?
Bone growth
Location of costal cartilage vs. respiratory cartilage (2)
- Costal: In ribs
- Respiratory: In larynx
Where is bone marrow found?
Spongy bone (center of most bone)
List the four categories of bones (4)
- Flat
- Long
- Short
- Irregular
- Flat: Sternum/skull
- Long: Humerus
- Short: Wrist/ankle
- Irregular: Vertebrae
Examples of the four categories of bones
Difference between osteoblasts and osteoclasts (2)
- Osteoblasts: Build up bone cells
- Osteoclasts: Clean up old bone cells
What two minerals make up the bulk of your bones (2)
- Calcium
- Phosphorus
Three characteristics of osteoporosis What is most vulnerable? What is affected? What happens to the bones? (3)
- Spongy bone is most vulnerable
- Entire skeleton is affected
- Bones become lighter and more porous
Difference between bursae and a tendon sheath (2)
- Bursae: At the end of joints, protects and cushions the joint
- Tendon sheath: Cover the tendon, decrease friction
