Semester 1 Final (Pt. 1)

Question 1

Medial and Lateral (2)

Answer 1

• Towards midline of body
• Towards sides, away from midline

Question 2

Anterior and Posterior (2)

Answer 2

• Towards front
• Towards the back

Question 3

Proximal and Distal (2)

Answer 3

• Closer to attachment point
• Further from attachment point

Question 4

Inferior and Superior (2)

Answer 4

• Away from head/towards foot
• Towards the head

Question 5

Superficial and Deep (2)

Answer 5

• Towards surface/outside
• Further from outside

Question 6

• Sternum is medial to shoulders
• Ears are lateral to nose

Answer 6

Example of medial and Example of lateral

Question 7

• Mandible is anterior to occipital bone
• Back is posterior to belly

Answer 7

Example of anterior and Example of posterior

Question 8

• Humerus is proximal to ulna
• Fingers are distal to the shoulder

Answer 8

Example of proximal and Example of distal

Question 9

• Stomach is inferior to mouth
• Head is superior to feet

Answer 9

Example of inferior and Example of superior

Question 10

• Skin is superficial to muscles
• Heart is deep to ribs

Answer 10

Example of superficial and Example of deep

Question 11

Difference between anatomy and physiology (2)

Answer 11

• Anatomy - name and location
• Physiology - Function of structures

Question 12

What is homeostasis

Answer 12

State of wellbeing

Question 13

Examples of homeostasis (need 3)

Answer 13

• Blood pressure
• Body temperature
• Blood pH
• Sugar levels

Question 14

Locations: Brachial. Carpal, Axillary (3)

Answer 14

• Brachial: Upper arm
• Carpal: Wrist
• Axillary: Armpit

Question 15

Locations: Antecubical, Sacral, Gluteal (3)

Answer 15

• Antecubical: Front of elbow
• Sacral: Tailbone area
• Gluteal: Buttock

Question 16

What do the following tissues look like: cuboidal, columnar, and squamous (3)

Answer 16

• Cuboidal: Dice
• Columnar: Columns
• Squamous: FIsh scales

Question 17

Four types of tissues (4)

Answer 17

• Epithelial
• Nervous
• Connective
• Muscle

Question 18

Four functions of epithelial tissue (4) (FASP)

Answer 18

• Filtration
• Absorption
• Secretion
• Protection

Question 19

Difference between simple and stratified tissue layers (2)

Answer 19

• Simple: One cell layer
• Stratified: More than once cell layer

Question 20

Difference between tendons and ligaments (2)

Answer 20

• Tendons: Muscle to bone
• Ligaments: Bone to bone

Question 21

Difference between adipose and nervous tissue (2)

Answer 21

• Adipose: Fat
• Nervous: Made of neurons

Question 22

Five epidermis layers (outside to inside) (5)

Answer 22

• Stratum corneum
• Stratum lucidum
• Stratum granulosum
• Stratum spinosum
• Stratum basale

Question 23

Five epidermis layers (inside to outside) (5)

Answer 23

• Stratum basale
• Stratum spinosum
• Stratum granulosum
• Stratum lucidum
• Stratum corneum

Question 24

Difference between apocrine and eccrine glands (2)

Answer 24

• Apocrine: sweat glands in armpits and groin
• Eccrine: sweat glands all over body

Question 25

Difference between root and shaft of the hair (2)

Answer 25

- Root: enclosed in follicle - Shaft: projects out of skin

Question 26

List and describe parts of the nail (4)

Answer 26

- Free edge: tip of nail - Body: main part - Root: under the skin - Matrix: responsible for growth

Question 27

What is an event that takes place at the epiphyseal plate?

Answer 27

Bone growth

Question 28

Location of costal cartilage vs. respiratory cartilage (2)

Answer 28

- Costal: In ribs - Respiratory: In larynx

Question 29

Where is bone marrow found?

Answer 29

Spongy bone (center of most bone)

Question 30

List the four categories of bones (4)

Answer 30

- Flat - Long - Short - Irregular

Question 31

- Flat: Sternum/skull - Long: Humerus - Short: Wrist/ankle - Irregular: Vertebrae

Answer 31

Examples of the four categories of bones

Question 32

Difference between osteoblasts and osteoclasts (2)

Answer 32

- Osteoblasts: Build up bone cells - Osteoclasts: Clean up old bone cells

Question 33

What two minerals make up the bulk of your bones (2)

Answer 33

- Calcium - Phosphorus

Question 34

Three characteristics of osteoporosis What is most vulnerable? What is affected? What happens to the bones? (3)

Answer 34

- Spongy bone is most vulnerable - Entire skeleton is affected - Bones become lighter and more porous

Question 35

Difference between bursae and a tendon sheath (2)

Answer 35

- Bursae: At the end of joints, protects and cushions the joint - Tendon sheath: Cover the tendon, decrease friction