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Honors Anatomy > Endocrine (Pt. 2) > Flashcards

Endocrine (Pt. 2) Flashcards

1
Q

As FSH follicles mature, what do they produce? What does that cause to get ready and for what? (2)

A
  • They produce estrogen
  • Eggs are readied for ovulation
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2
Q

In males, what does FSH stimulate by what? (2)

A
  • Stimulates sperm development
  • By the testes
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3
Q

What does luteinizing hormone trigger from what? What does it do to the ruptured follicle to become what? What does it then stimulate to produce two things? (3)

A
  • Triggers ovulation of an egg from the female ovary
  • Causes the ruptured follicles to become the corpus luteum
  • It then stimulates the corpus luteum to produce progesterone and some estrogen
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4
Q

What is the luteinizing hormone (LH) referred to as? What kind of production does it stimulate by what of the what? (2)

A
  • Referred to as Interstitial Cell-Stimulating Hormone (ICSH)
  • It stimulates testoserone production by the intertestitial cells of the testes
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5
Q

What is the “master endocrine gland”? What does it control? (Pituitary - Hypothalamus Relationship)

A

The anterior pituitary gland that controls many other endocrine glands

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6
Q

What happens to the body of the “master endocrine gland” is removed or destroyed? (Pituitary - Hypothalamus Relationship)

A

Its removal or destruction has a dramatic effect on the body

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7
Q

What does the hypothalamus control?

A

It is the structure that controls the anterior pituitary

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8
Q

What does the hypothalamus control of the anterior pituitary gland? How does it do that? (2)

A
  • Controls the hormones of the anterior pituitary gland
  • By using releasing and inhibiting hormones that it produces
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9
Q

How many hormones does the thyroid gland produce?

A

Produces two hormones

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10
Q

What kind of rate does the thyroid gland control? What is that then converted into? (2)

A
  • Controls the rate at which glucose is burned or oxidized
  • And converted into body heat and chemical energy
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11
Q

What is calcitonin aid in the lowering of what? What is it released by? (2)

A
  • It’s a hormone that aids in the lowering of blood calcium
  • Released by the thyroid
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12
Q

What is the parathyroid gland made up out of? What posterior surface is it found on? (2)

A
  • Tiny masses of tissue
  • Found on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland
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13
Q

What is the function of the parathyroid gland? What is this the most important regulator of? (2)

A
  • The function is to secrete parathormone (PTH)
  • The most important regulator of (Ca2+) calcium ions
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14
Q

How are the adrenal glands shaped? What do they curve over? (2)

A
  • Two bean shaped adrenal glands
  • Curve over the top of the kidneys
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15
Q

What does the hormone of the adrenal gland produce? What are they collectively called? (2)

A
  • Three major groups of steroid hormones
  • Collectively called corticosteroids
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16
Q

What are the three major groups of steroid hormones (collectively called corticosteroids) produced by the hormones of the adrenal glands?(3)

A
  • Mineralcorticoids
  • Glucocorticoids
  • Sex hormones
17
Q

What are mineralocorticoids mainly made out of?
They are produced by the other most what cell layer? (2)

A
  • Mainly aldosterone
  • Produced by the other most adrenal cortex cell layer
18
Q

What are mineralocorticoids important in regulating of the blood? What two ions do they regulate? (2)

A
  • Are important in regulating the mineral (salt) content of the blood
  • They regulate the sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) ions
19
Q

Where are glucocorticoids produced, in the middle of what layer, with what two other things? (2)

A
  • Produced in the middle of the corticol layer
  • Along with cortisone and cortisol
20
Q

What do glucocorticoids promote? What do they help the body to resist? Primarily by increasing what levels? (3)

A
  • Promote normal cell metabolism
  • Help the body to resist long term stressors
  • Primarily by increasing blood glucose leves
21
Q

What is adrenaline also called? What is norepinephrine also called? (2)

A
  • Epinephrine
  • Noradrenaline
22
Q

What happens whey you are threatened physically or emotionally? What response does your sympathetic nervous system bring about? To help with what? (2)

A
  • Your sympathetic nervous system brings about the “flight or fight” response
  • To help you cope with the stressful situation
23
Q

What does insulin act on? To increase the ability of the cell to transport what across the cell membrane? (2)

A
  • Acts on all body cells
  • To increase the ability of the cell to transport glucose across the cell membrane
24
Q

Once inside the cell what is the two things glucose is used for? What is it converted into for what? (2)

A
  • Once inside the cell, glucose is used for energy
  • Or converted to glycogen or fat for storage
25
Q

What kind of hormone is insulin?

A

Insulin is a hypoglycemic hormone

26
Q

What is glucagon?

A

Hyperglycemic

27
Q

What is the target organ of glucagon that it stimulates? What does it break down into what? What does it release into the blood? (3)

A
  • Its target organ is the liver which it stimulates
  • To break down stored glycogen to glucose
  • And to release the glucose into the blood
28
Q

What is the pineal gland? Where is it found on the brain? (2)

A
  • A small gland
  • Found on the third ventricle of the brain
29
Q

What is the function of the pineal gland (to secrete what hormone)?

A

Its function is to secrete the hormone melatonin

30
Q

What kind of “trigger” is melatonin the body? What cycle does it establish? (2)

A
  • Is the body’s sleep trigger
  • Establishes the day/night cycle
31
Q

What organs are ovaries? What cavity are they located in? (2)

A
  • Paired almond sized organs
  • Located in the pelvic cavity
32
Q

What are the female sex cells that the ovaries produce? What two groups of steroid hormones do the ovaries produce? (2)

A
  • Female sex cells: ova, or eggs
  • Estrogen and progesterone
33
Q

What is estrogen produced by what folicles of the ovaries? What development of what characteristics do they stimulate of the females? (2)

A
  • Produced by the graafian folicles of the ovaries
  • Stimulate the development of the secondary sex characteristics of the females
34
Q

What does the estrogen work with to prepare the uterus to receive what? It results in what changes in the uterine lining? Called what cycle? (4)

A
  • The estrogen works with the progesterone
  • To prepare the uterus to receive a fertilized egg
  • Results in cyclic changes in the uterine lining
  • Called the menstrual cycle
35
Q

During pregnancy, what does progesterone help to quiet? So that the implanted embryo will not be what? (2)

A
  • During pregnancy progesterone help to quiet the muscle of the uterus
  • So that an implanted embryo will not be aborted
36
Q

What does pregnancy help prepare the breast tissue for? Produced in large amounts by another what of the ovaries, the what? (3)

A
  • Helps prepare breast tissue for lactation
  • Produced in large amounts by another glandular structure of the ovaries
  • The corpus luteum
37
Q

What type of characteristics does testosterone cause the development of in males?

A

Causes the development of the male’s secondary sex characteristics

38
Q

What are the types of male’s secondary sex characteristics that are caused by testosterone in the development of males? (4)

A
  • Growth of the beard
  • Development of heavy bones and muscles
  • Lowering of the voice
  • Stimulates the male sex drive
39
Q

What is the adulthood testosterone necessary for the continuous production of what?

A

The adulthood testosterone is necessary for the continuous production of sperm

Honors Anatomy (30 decks)

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