Integumentary System

Question 1

What is the cutaneous membrane?

Answer 1

• Our skin
• Superficial epidermis

Question 2

What is cutaneous membrane composed of? (2)

Answer 2

• Composed of keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium
• The underlying dermis is mostly dense (fibrous) connective tissue

Question 3

What is the underlying dermis?

Answer 3

Is mostly dense (fibrous) connective tissue

Question 4

The structure of the skin (3)

Answer 4

• The epidermis and dermis are firmly connected
• A burn or friction may cause them to separate
• This separation results in a blister

Question 5

What causes the epidermis and dermis to separate?

Answer 5

• A burn
• The separation can result in a blister

Question 6

Where is subcutaneous tissue found?

Answer 6

Found deep in the dermis of the skin

Question 7

What is the hypodermis? (3)

Answer 7

• Is made up of adipose tissue (fat)
• Not considered part of the skin
• It anchors the skin to the underlying organ

Question 8

How many layers does the epidermis have? What is it called?

Answer 8

• 5
• Strata

Question 9

Epidermis from inside to outside:

Answer 9

• Stratum basale
• Stratum spinosum
• Stratum granulosum
• Stratum lucidum
• Stratum corneum

Question 10

Epidermis from outside to inside

Answer 10

• Stratum corneum
• Stratum lucidum
• Stratum granulosum
• Stratum spinosum
• Stratum basale

Question 11

Avascular

Answer 11

No blood supply of its own

Question 12

What part of the skin is avascular?

Answer 12

The epidermis

Question 13

What produces keratin?

Answer 13

• Keratinocytes
• Known as keratin cells

Question 14

What is keratin?

Answer 14

The fibrous protein that makes the epidermis a tough protective layer

Question 15

What is the stratum basale? Where does it lie?

Answer 15

• Deepest cell layer of the epidermis
• Lies closest to the dermis

Question 16

What does the stratum basale contain?

Answer 16

only epidermal cells that receive nourishment via diffusion of nutrients from the dermis

Question 17

What does the stratum basale undergo?

Answer 17

• Constantly undergoing cell division
• Millions of new cells are produced daily

Question 18

What does cornu mean in Latin

Answer 18

It means horn

Question 19

Where is the stratum corneum located?

Answer 19

It is the other most outer layer of the epidermal tissue

Question 20

What is the stratum corneum also known as? (2)

Answer 20

• This layer of tissue is also referred to as cornified
• Or horny cells

Question 21

How thick is the stratum corneum? (2)

Answer 21

• It is 20 to 30 cell layers thick
• Accounts for about 3/4 of the epidermal thickness

Question 22

What makes the stratum corneum durable?

Answer 22

• The abundance of keratin in this tissue layer creates a durable overcoat

Question 23

What does the stratum corneum protect against? (2)

Answer 23

• Protects deeper cells from the hostile external environment (air) and from water loss
• Helps the body resist biological, chemical, and physical assaults

Question 24

What is melanin?

Answer 24

-A pigment that ranges from yellow to brown to black

Question 25

What is melanin produced by? Where is it found?

Answer 25

- Melanocytes - Found chiefly in the stratum basale

Question 26

Why we turn tan

Answer 26

When the skin is exposed to sunlight the melanocytes become stimulated and more melanin pigment is produced and tanning occurs.

Question 27

What is the dermis made out of?

Answer 27

The dense fibrous connective tissue makes up the dermis

Question 28

Two parts of the dermis

Answer 28

- The papillary - The reticular

Question 29

What is the papillary layer? (2)

Answer 29

- The upper dermal region - Uneven and has dermal papillae

Question 30

What does the papillary layer look like?

Answer 30

- Finger like projections from its superior surface - Indent the epidermis

Question 31

What does the papillary layer contain?

Answer 31

- Dermal papillae contain capillary loops

Question 32

What does the papillary layer do? (3)

Answer 32

- Furnish nutrients to the epidermis - Others house pain receptors (free nerve ending) - Touch receptors

Question 33

Where is the papillary layer found? (2)

Answer 33

- Palms of hands - Soles of feet

Question 34

What kind of patters are the papillae arranged into?

Answer 34

Arranged in definitive patterns that form looped and whorled ridges

Question 35

What do the papillae patterns do?

Answer 35

The epidermal surface increases friction and enhances the gripping ability of the fingers and feet

Question 36

What is the reticular layer?

Answer 36

Deepest skin layer

Question 37

What does the reticular layer contain? (4)

Answer 37

- blood vessels - sweat and oil glands - Pacinian corpuscles - deep pressure receptors

Question 38

What three pigments contribute to skin color?

Answer 38

- Melanin - Carotene - Oxygen

Question 39

What is melanin?

Answer 39

The amount and kind (yellow, reddish brown, or black) in the epidermis

Question 40

What is Carotene?

Answer 40

The amount deposited in the stratum corneum and subcutaneous tissue

Question 41

What is oxygen?

Answer 41

The amount bound to hemoglobin (pigment in red blood cells) in the dermal blood vessels

Question 42

What is hemoglobin?

Answer 42

Pigment in red blood cells