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Honors Anatomy > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the cutaneous membrane?

A
  • Our skin
  • Superficial epidermis
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2
Q

What is cutaneous membrane composed of? (2)

A
  • Composed of keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium
  • The underlying dermis is mostly dense (fibrous) connective tissue
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3
Q

What is the underlying dermis?

A

Is mostly dense (fibrous) connective tissue

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4
Q

The structure of the skin (3)

A
  • The epidermis and dermis are firmly connected
  • A burn or friction may cause them to separate
  • This separation results in a blister
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5
Q

What causes the epidermis and dermis to separate?

A
  • A burn
  • The separation can result in a blister
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6
Q

Where is subcutaneous tissue found?

A

Found deep in the dermis of the skin

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7
Q

What is the hypodermis? (3)

A
  • Is made up of adipose tissue (fat)
  • Not considered part of the skin
  • It anchors the skin to the underlying organ
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8
Q

How many layers does the epidermis have? What is it called?

A
  • 5
  • Strata
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9
Q

Epidermis from inside to outside:

A
  • Stratum basale
  • Stratum spinosum
  • Stratum granulosum
  • Stratum lucidum
  • Stratum corneum
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10
Q

Epidermis from outside to inside

A
  • Stratum corneum
  • Stratum lucidum
  • Stratum granulosum
  • Stratum spinosum
  • Stratum basale
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11
Q

Avascular

A

No blood supply of its own

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12
Q

What part of the skin is avascular?

A

The epidermis

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13
Q

What produces keratin?

A
  • Keratinocytes
  • Known as keratin cells
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14
Q

What is keratin?

A

The fibrous protein that makes the epidermis a tough protective layer

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15
Q

What is the stratum basale? Where does it lie?

A
  • Deepest cell layer of the epidermis
  • Lies closest to the dermis
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16
Q

What does the stratum basale contain?

A

only epidermal cells that receive nourishment via diffusion of nutrients from the dermis

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17
Q

What does the stratum basale undergo?

A
  • Constantly undergoing cell division
  • Millions of new cells are produced daily
18
Q

What does cornu mean in Latin

A

It means horn

19
Q

Where is the stratum corneum located?

A

It is the other most outer layer of the epidermal tissue

20
Q

What is the stratum corneum also known as? (2)

A
  • This layer of tissue is also referred to as cornified
  • Or horny cells
21
Q

How thick is the stratum corneum? (2)

A
  • It is 20 to 30 cell layers thick
  • Accounts for about 3/4 of the epidermal thickness
22
Q

What makes the stratum corneum durable?

A
  • The abundance of keratin in this tissue layer creates a durable overcoat
23
Q

What does the stratum corneum protect against? (2)

A
  • Protects deeper cells from the hostile external environment (air) and from water loss
  • Helps the body resist biological, chemical, and physical assaults
24
Q

What is melanin?

A

-A pigment that ranges from yellow to brown to black

25
Q

What is melanin produced by? Where is it found?

A
  • Melanocytes
  • Found chiefly in the stratum basale
26
Q

Why we turn tan

A

When the skin is exposed to sunlight the melanocytes become stimulated and more melanin pigment is produced and tanning occurs.

27
Q

What is the dermis made out of?

A

The dense fibrous connective tissue makes up the dermis

28
Q

Two parts of the dermis

A
  • The papillary
  • The reticular
29
Q

What is the papillary layer? (2)

A
  • The upper dermal region
  • Uneven and has dermal papillae
30
Q

What does the papillary layer look like?

A
  • Finger like projections from its superior surface
  • Indent the epidermis
31
Q

What does the papillary layer contain?

A
  • Dermal papillae contain capillary loops
32
Q

What does the papillary layer do? (3)

A
  • Furnish nutrients to the epidermis
  • Others house pain receptors (free nerve ending)
  • Touch receptors
33
Q

Where is the papillary layer found? (2)

A
  • Palms of hands
  • Soles of feet
34
Q

What kind of patters are the papillae arranged into?

A

Arranged in definitive patterns that form looped and whorled ridges

35
Q

What do the papillae patterns do?

A

The epidermal surface increases friction and enhances the gripping ability of the fingers and feet

36
Q

What is the reticular layer?

A

Deepest skin layer

37
Q

What does the reticular layer contain? (4)

A
  • blood vessels
  • sweat and oil glands
  • Pacinian corpuscles
  • deep pressure receptors
38
Q

What three pigments contribute to skin color?

A
  • Melanin
  • Carotene
  • Oxygen
39
Q

What is melanin?

A

The amount and kind (yellow, reddish brown, or black) in the epidermis

40
Q

What is Carotene?

A

The amount deposited in the stratum corneum and subcutaneous tissue

41
Q

What is oxygen?

A

The amount bound to hemoglobin (pigment in red blood cells) in the dermal blood vessels

42
Q

What is hemoglobin?

A

Pigment in red blood cells

Honors Anatomy (30 decks)

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