Bone and Bone Tissue Pt. 2 Flashcards
What do bones have that is elaborate?
Bone has such an elaborate network of canals
How are bones well nourished?
Bone cells are well nourished in spite of the hardness of the matrix
Do bone injuries heal quickly or slowly?
Bone injuries heal quickly
What are osteoblasts?
Build up bone cells
What are osteoclasts?
Clean up bone cells
What is another name for Perforating canals?
Volkmann canals
What do the perforating (volkmann) canals provide?
Provide the communication pathway from the outside of the bone to its interior
What angles do Volkmann canals run into the shaft?
These perforating (Volkmann) canals run at right angles to the shaft
What is the chemical composition of bones?
Largely mineral salts
What are mineral salts made out of?
Largely calcium phosphate
What do mineral salts present as? What do they surround and where? (3)
- Present in the form of tiny crystals
- Surrounding the collagen fibers
- In the extra-cellular matrix
How are the crystals packed? What does it allow for crystals to do? (2)
- The crystals are tightly packed
- Allows it to resist compression
Why are salts important in the bone concerning death?
It is because of the salts that are contained in the bone that allow them to last long after death
How do the bones move?
Skeletal muscles attached to bones by tendons use bones as levers to move the body and its parts
What are we able to do because of bone movement? (4)
- Walk
- Swim
- Throw a ball
- Breathe
What cavities is fat stored in bone?
Fat is stored in the internal cavities of bones
What does bone serve as to minerals?
Bone itself serves as a storehouse for minerals
What minerals are stored in bone? (2)
- Calcium
- Phosphate
What is blood cell formation called?
Hematopoiesis
Where does hematopoiesis occur?
Occurs within the marrow cavities of certain bones
What happens to the bone with osteoporosis? (3)
- The composition of the matrix remains normal
- Bone mass is reduced
- Bones become more porous and lighter
What does osteoporosis affect?
Affects the entire skeleton
What is most vulnerable to osteoporosis? What is common with osteoporosis? (2)
- Spongy bone of the spine is the most vulnerable
- Compression fractures of the vertebrae are common
What factors contribute to osteoporosis? (3)
- Abnormal Vitamin C receptors
- Smoking (which reduces estrogen levels)
- Hormone-related conditions (Hyperthyroidism, diabetes)
