Bone and Bone Tissue Pt. 2

Question 1

What do bones have that is elaborate?

Answer 1

Bone has such an elaborate network of canals

Question 2

How are bones well nourished?

Answer 2

Bone cells are well nourished in spite of the hardness of the matrix

Question 3

Do bone injuries heal quickly or slowly?

Answer 3

Bone injuries heal quickly

Question 4

What are osteoblasts?

Answer 4

Build up bone cells

Question 5

What are osteoclasts?

Answer 5

Clean up bone cells

Question 6

What is another name for Perforating canals?

Answer 6

Volkmann canals

Question 7

What do the perforating (volkmann) canals provide?

Answer 7

Provide the communication pathway from the outside of the bone to its interior

Question 8

What angles do Volkmann canals run into the shaft?

Answer 8

These perforating (Volkmann) canals run at right angles to the shaft

Question 9

What is the chemical composition of bones?

Answer 9

Largely mineral salts

Question 10

What are mineral salts made out of?

Answer 10

Largely calcium phosphate

Question 11

What do mineral salts present as? What do they surround and where? (3)

Answer 11

• Present in the form of tiny crystals
• Surrounding the collagen fibers
• In the extra-cellular matrix

Question 12

How are the crystals packed? What does it allow for crystals to do? (2)

Answer 12

• The crystals are tightly packed
• Allows it to resist compression

Question 13

Why are salts important in the bone concerning death?

Answer 13

It is because of the salts that are contained in the bone that allow them to last long after death

Question 14

How do the bones move?

Answer 14

Skeletal muscles attached to bones by tendons use bones as levers to move the body and its parts

Question 15

What are we able to do because of bone movement? (4)

Answer 15

• Walk
• Swim
• Throw a ball
• Breathe

Question 16

What cavities is fat stored in bone?

Answer 16

Fat is stored in the internal cavities of bones

Question 17

What does bone serve as to minerals?

Answer 17

Bone itself serves as a storehouse for minerals

Question 18

What minerals are stored in bone? (2)

Answer 18

• Calcium
• Phosphate

Question 19

What is blood cell formation called?

Answer 19

Hematopoiesis

Question 20

Where does hematopoiesis occur?

Answer 20

Occurs within the marrow cavities of certain bones

Question 21

What happens to the bone with osteoporosis? (3)

Answer 21

• The composition of the matrix remains normal
• Bone mass is reduced
• Bones become more porous and lighter

Question 22

What does osteoporosis affect?

Answer 22

Affects the entire skeleton

Question 23

What is most vulnerable to osteoporosis? What is common with osteoporosis? (2)

Answer 23

• Spongy bone of the spine is the most vulnerable
• Compression fractures of the vertebrae are common

Question 24

What factors contribute to osteoporosis? (3)

Answer 24

• Abnormal Vitamin C receptors
• Smoking (which reduces estrogen levels)
• Hormone-related conditions (Hyperthyroidism, diabetes)

Question 25

Why does smoking contribute to osteoporosis?

Answer 25

Reduces estrogen levels

Question 26

What horomone-related conditions contribute to osteoporosis? (2)

Answer 26

• Hyperthyroidism
• Diabetes

Question 27

How can osteoporosis be prevented or at least delayed?

Answer 27

Getting enough calcium while the bones are still increasing in density

Question 28

When do long bones reach their peak density?

Answer 28

Long bones reach their peak density between the ages of 35 and 40

Question 29

When are bones with spongy bone densest?

Answer 29

Bones with more spongy bone are densest between the ages of 25 and 30

Question 30

Drinking what can prevent osteoporosis?

Answer 30

Drinking fluoridated water hardens bones as well as teeth

Question 31

Getting plenty of what can prevent osteoporosis? (4)

Answer 31

• Getting plenty of weight-bearing exercise such as:
• Walking
• Jogging
• Tennis

Question 32

What types of exercises are walking, jogging, and tennis?

Answer 32

All are types of exercise that can help increase bone mass above normal values and provide a greater buffer against age-related bone loss

Question 33

What is rickets caused by?

Answer 33

Caused by insufficient mineralization

Question 34

Who is rickets more common in?

Answer 34

More common in black children

Question 35

Why is rickets more common in black children?

Answer 35

More pigments in skin = absorbs fewer UV rays
- UV rays are needed to convert 7- dehydrocholesterol in skin into Vitamin D

Question 36

What are UV rays needed for?

Answer 36

UV rays are needed to convert 7 - dehydrocholesterol in skin into Vitamin D

Question 37

What skeletal deformities are caused by rickets? (3)

Answer 37

• Bowed legs
• Knock-knees
• Bulging forehead