Muscles (Pt. 4)

Question 1

What is the tibialis anterior? Where is it on? (2)

Answer 1

• A superficial muscle
• On the anterior leg

Question 2

Where does the tibialis anterior arise from? What does it parallel? Where does it run to? By where does it insert into? (4)

Answer 2

• Arises from the upper tibia
• Parallels the anterior crest
• Runs to the tarsal bones
• Inserts by a long tendon

Question 3

What does the tibialis anterior act as? What does it do? (2)

Answer 3

• Acts to dorsiflex
• Inverts the foot

Question 4

What is the extensor digitalis a prime mover of?
What is it a dorsiflexor of? (2)

Answer 4

• Prime mover of toe extension
• Dorsiflexor of the foot

Question 5

Where do the fibularis muscles arise from? Where do they insert into? (2)

Answer 5

• Arise from the fibula
• Insert into the metatarsal bones of the foot

Question 6

What does the fibularis muscle group do as a whole?

Answer 6

The group as a whole plantar (sole of the foot) flexes the feet

Question 7

What is the gastocnemius muscle? What does it form and where? (2)

Answer 7

• A two- bellied muscle
• Forms the curved calf of the posterior leg

Question 8

What does the gastrocemius muscle arise by? Where? (2)

Answer 8

• It arises by two heads
• One from each side of the distal femur

Question 9

Where does the gastrocemius muscle insert through and into where? (2)

Answer 9

• Inserts through the large calcaneal (Achilles) tendon
• Into the heel of the foot

Question 10

What is the gastrocnemius a prime mover of?

Answer 10

Prime mover for plantar flexion of the foot

Question 11

What becomes difficult when the insertion tendon of the gastrocnemius is cut? What happens to the foot? (2)

Answer 11

• If its insertion tendon is cut, walking is very difficult
• The foot drags because the heel cannot be lifted

Question 12

What is a hernia?

Answer 12

A protrusion of any organ or body part through the muscular wall which contains

Question 13

What are the six types of hernias? (6)

Answer 13

• Inguinal
• Hiatal
• Femoral
• Umbilical
• Incisional
• Sports

Question 14

What is the Inguinal hernia? Who usually gets it? What tears to make it happen? Where does it protrude into? (4)

Answer 14

• Most common type
• Usually males
• Fascial wall which holds fat and intestines tears
• Protrudes into the groin

Question 15

What is the hiatal hernia? What allows it to happen? Into where (3)

Answer 15

• A defective diaphragm
• allows for some of the stomach to pass through the opening for the esophagus in the diaphragm - into the thoracic cavity

Question 16

Who usually gets a femoral hernia? Where does it protrude? Where does in extend? (3)

Answer 16

• Usually females
• Protrudes deep into the inguinal ligament
• Extend into the groin where the femoral artery passes into the thight

Question 17

Where does the umbilical hernia protrude at? Who is most likely to have it? (4)

Answer 17

• Protrudes at the naval
• Newborns
• Obese women
• Women with several pregnancies

Question 18

What does the incisional hernia result from?

Answer 18

Results from weakening around a surgical wound which does not heal properly

Question 19

What weakens to cause a protrusion which causes the sports hernia? What doesn’t actually happen in the lining of the abdomen?

Answer 19

• Weakening of the abdominal wall, causing a protrusion
• No actual tear happens in the lining of the abdomen