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Honors Anatomy > Blood and Lymphatic System (Pt. 1) > Flashcards

Blood and Lymphatic System (Pt. 1) Flashcards

1
Q

What is blood the “river” of?

A

The river of life

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2
Q

What does blood transport? Where? (2)

A
  • Transports everything that must be carried
  • From one place to another within the body
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3
Q

What is blood?

A

Tissue

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4
Q

What kind of tissue is blood?

A

Fluid (connective) tissue

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5
Q

What does the microscope reveal about what two components it has?

A

Under a microscope it is revealed to have both solid and liquid components

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6
Q

What is plasma? What is suspended in it? (2)

A
  • Nonliving fluid matrix
  • Living blood cells are suspended in
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7
Q

What does plasma spin blood in?

A

Spins blood in a centrifuge

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8
Q

Where will the heavier formed elements of the plasma/centrifuge be packed into?

A

The heavier formed elements will be packed to the bottom of the test tube

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9
Q

What will rise to the top of the centrifuge?

A

Plasma will rise to the stop

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10
Q

What are erythrocytes in the test tube? What functions in oxygen transport? (2)

A
  • The reddish mass at the bottom of the test tube
  • The red blood cells that function in oxygen transport
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11
Q

In the centrifuge, what color and density is the buffy coat? It is found in between what? What does it contain? (3)

A
  • A thin, whitish layer
  • Found in the test tube between the plasma and the erythrocytes
  • It contains leukocytes
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12
Q

What do white blood cells act to do to protect the body? What are they also called? (2)

A
  • Leukocytes
  • White blood cells act in various ways to protect the body
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13
Q

What do platelets function in what process? What coat is it found in? (2)

A
  • Cell fragments that function in the blood-clotting process
  • Found in the buffy coat
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14
Q

What does the hematocrit measure?

A

The percentage of erythrocytes of a blood sample
- Normally account for about 45% of the total volume

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15
Q

What kind of fluid is blood? What kind of taste does it have? (2)

A
  • Blood is a sticky, opaque fluid
  • Has a metallic taste
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16
Q

If you place a cut finger in your mouth, you discover it has a __ taste.

A

Salty taste

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17
Q

Depending on the amount of oxygen it is carrying, the color of blood varies from: (2)

A
  • Scarlet
  • Dull red
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18
Q

Which blood is oxygen-rich and which blood is oxygen-poor out of scarlet and dull red? (2)

A
  • Scarlet - oxygen-rich
  • Dull red - oxygen-poor
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19
Q

Blood is heavier than what? It is five times what? (2)

A
  • Blood is heavier than water
  • About five times thicker
20
Q

What is blood slightly? What two numbers is the pH of blood between? (2)

A
  • Slightly alkaline
  • pH between 7.35 and 7.45
21
Q

What is the temperature of blood? What is is slightly higher than? (2)

A
  • Its temperature is 38 C or 100.4 F
  • Slightly higher than body temperature
22
Q

What makes up 90% of plasma? What portion does plasma make up of blood? (2)

A
  • Plasma is 90% water
  • Makes up the liquid portion of blood
23
Q

How many different substances are dissolved in the straw-colored plasma? What are some of them? (6)

A
  • Over 100 different substances are dissolved
  • Nutrients
  • Metal ions (salt)
  • Respiratory gases
  • Hormones
  • Plasma proteins
  • Various wastes and products of cell metabolism
24
Q

Why do RBC’s differ from other blood cells? What do they lack? What do they contain few of? (3)

A
  • Because they are anucleate
  • They lack a nucleus
  • They contain very few organelles
25
Q

Mature RBC’s = what kind of sacs?

A

= sacs of heomglobin molecules

26
Q

What does the hemoglobin protein contain? What gas does hemoglobin bind with? (2)

A
  • Iron - containing protein
  • Binds with small amounts of CO2
27
Q

What does hemoglobin transport, the bulk of which is carried in the blood?

A

Transports the bulk of the oxygen that is carried in the blood

28
Q

RBC’s outnumber while blood cells (WBC’s) 1000 to? How many RBC cells are there per cubic millimeter of blood? (2)

A
  • 1000 to 1
  • There are about 5 million RBC cells per cubic millimeter of blood
29
Q

A mm3 is equivlanet to a what of blood, almost not enough to be what?

A

A mm3 is equivalent to a very tiny drop of blood, almost not enough to be seen

30
Q

What does anemia decrease in the blood?

A

A decrease in the oxygen carrying capacity of blood, no matter what the reason

31
Q

Anemia may be the result of:
- A lower than normal number of what?
- Abnormal or deficient what content in the RBC’s? (2)

A
  • A lower than normal number of RBC’s
  • Abnormal or deficient hemoglobin in the RBC’s
32
Q

What results in hemorrhagic anemia? What causes it? (2)

A
  • A result of a sudden hemorrhage
  • Caused by a decrease in RBC number
33
Q

What results in hemolytic anemia?

A

A result of the lysis of RBC’s as a result of bacterial infections

34
Q

What results in pernicious anemia? What is it usually do to, a lack of what factors required for absorption of the vitamin? What is the intrinsic factor formed by? (3)

A
  • A result of a lack of vitamin B12
  • A lack of intristic factors required for absorption
  • Intrinsic factor is formed by stomach mucosa cells
35
Q

What does aplastic anemia result from? What are examples of this? (4)

A
  • Results from depression/destruction of bone marrow
  • Cancer
  • Radiation
  • Certain medications
36
Q

What results in iron-deficient anemia?

A

A result of the lack of iron in diet or slow prolonged bleeding

37
Q

Example of what can cause iron-deficient anemia? What reserves does it delete to make hemoglobin?
What do RBCs look like and why? (3)

A
  • Heacy menstural flow or bleeding ulcer
  • Deletes iron reserves needed to make hemoglobin
  • RBC’s are small and pale because they lack hemoglobin - caused by inadequate hemoglobin content in RBC’s
38
Q

What does sickle-cell anemia result from? What does that lead to? What happens to the RBC’s shape and becuase of increased what? (2)

A
  • A result from genetic defects that lead to abnormal hemoglobin
  • Becomes sharp and sickle-shaped under conditions of increased oxygen use by body
39
Q

What people does sickle-cell amenia usually occur in? What causes it? (2)

A
  • Occurs mainly in people of African descent
  • Caused by abnormal hemoglobin in RBC’s
40
Q

What are leukocytes far less compared to RBC’s? What are they crucial for the body? (2)

A
  • Far less numerous than the RBC’s
  • Crucial to body defense against disease
41
Q

On average, there are __ to __ WBC’s per cubic millimeter (mm3). How much do they account for in total blood volume? (2)

A
  • 4000 to 11000
  • Account for less than 1% of total blood volume
42
Q

White blood cells are the only __ blood cells in blood. What do they contain?

A
  • Complete
  • Contain a nucleus and the usual organelles
43
Q

What WBCs are able to slip into and out of the blood vessles, “leaping across”? What blood cells are restricted to the blood vessles? (2)

A
  • Diapedesis
  • Red blood cells are restricted
44
Q

What does leukemia mean? What does it mean for the bone marrow? What is turned out rapidly? (3)

A
  • Means white blood
  • When the bone marrow becomes cancerous
  • Large numbers of WBCs are turned out rapidly
45
Q

(Leukemia) Because these new WBCs are immature and incapable of carrying out their normal protective functions, they body becomes:

A

the easy prey of disease causing bacteria and viruses

Honors Anatomy (30 decks)

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