Blood and Lymphatic System (Pt. 1)

Question 1

What is blood the “river” of?

Answer 1

The river of life

Question 2

What does blood transport? Where? (2)

Answer 2

• Transports everything that must be carried
• From one place to another within the body

Question 3

What is blood?

Answer 3

Tissue

Question 4

What kind of tissue is blood?

Answer 4

Fluid (connective) tissue

Question 5

What does the microscope reveal about what two components it has?

Answer 5

Under a microscope it is revealed to have both solid and liquid components

Question 6

What is plasma? What is suspended in it? (2)

Answer 6

• Nonliving fluid matrix
• Living blood cells are suspended in

Question 7

What does plasma spin blood in?

Answer 7

Spins blood in a centrifuge

Question 8

Where will the heavier formed elements of the plasma/centrifuge be packed into?

Answer 8

The heavier formed elements will be packed to the bottom of the test tube

Question 9

What will rise to the top of the centrifuge?

Answer 9

Plasma will rise to the stop

Question 10

What are erythrocytes in the test tube? What functions in oxygen transport? (2)

Answer 10

• The reddish mass at the bottom of the test tube
• The red blood cells that function in oxygen transport

Question 11

In the centrifuge, what color and density is the buffy coat? It is found in between what? What does it contain? (3)

Answer 11

• A thin, whitish layer
• Found in the test tube between the plasma and the erythrocytes
• It contains leukocytes

Question 12

What do white blood cells act to do to protect the body? What are they also called? (2)

Answer 12

• Leukocytes
• White blood cells act in various ways to protect the body

Question 13

What do platelets function in what process? What coat is it found in? (2)

Answer 13

• Cell fragments that function in the blood-clotting process
• Found in the buffy coat

Question 14

What does the hematocrit measure?

Answer 14

The percentage of erythrocytes of a blood sample
- Normally account for about 45% of the total volume

Question 15

What kind of fluid is blood? What kind of taste does it have? (2)

Answer 15

• Blood is a sticky, opaque fluid
• Has a metallic taste

Question 16

If you place a cut finger in your mouth, you discover it has a __ taste.

Answer 16

Salty taste

Question 17

Depending on the amount of oxygen it is carrying, the color of blood varies from: (2)

Answer 17

• Scarlet
• Dull red

Question 18

Which blood is oxygen-rich and which blood is oxygen-poor out of scarlet and dull red? (2)

Answer 18

• Scarlet - oxygen-rich
• Dull red - oxygen-poor

Question 19

Blood is heavier than what? It is five times what? (2)

Answer 19

• Blood is heavier than water
• About five times thicker

Question 20

What is blood slightly? What two numbers is the pH of blood between? (2)

Answer 20

• Slightly alkaline
• pH between 7.35 and 7.45

Question 21

What is the temperature of blood? What is is slightly higher than? (2)

Answer 21

• Its temperature is 38 C or 100.4 F
• Slightly higher than body temperature

Question 22

What makes up 90% of plasma? What portion does plasma make up of blood? (2)

Answer 22

• Plasma is 90% water
• Makes up the liquid portion of blood

Question 23

How many different substances are dissolved in the straw-colored plasma? What are some of them? (6)

Answer 23

• Over 100 different substances are dissolved
• Nutrients
• Metal ions (salt)
• Respiratory gases
• Hormones
• Plasma proteins
• Various wastes and products of cell metabolism

Question 24

Why do RBC’s differ from other blood cells? What do they lack? What do they contain few of? (3)

Answer 24

• Because they are anucleate
• They lack a nucleus
• They contain very few organelles

Question 25

Mature RBC's = what kind of sacs?

Answer 25

= sacs of heomglobin molecules

Question 26

What does the hemoglobin protein contain? What gas does hemoglobin bind with? (2)

Answer 26

- Iron - containing protein - Binds with small amounts of CO2

Question 27

What does hemoglobin transport, the bulk of which is carried in the blood?

Answer 27

Transports the bulk of the oxygen that is carried in the blood

Question 28

RBC's outnumber while blood cells (WBC's) 1000 to? How many RBC cells are there per cubic millimeter of blood? (2)

Answer 28

- 1000 to 1 - There are about 5 million RBC cells per cubic millimeter of blood

Question 29

A mm3 is equivlanet to a what of blood, almost not enough to be what?

Answer 29

A mm3 is equivalent to a very tiny drop of blood, almost not enough to be seen

Question 30

What does anemia decrease in the blood?

Answer 30

A decrease in the oxygen carrying capacity of blood, no matter what the reason

Question 31

Anemia may be the result of: - A lower than normal number of what? - Abnormal or deficient what content in the RBC's? (2)

Answer 31

- A lower than normal number of RBC's - Abnormal or deficient hemoglobin in the RBC's

Question 32

What results in hemorrhagic anemia? What causes it? (2)

Answer 32

- A result of a sudden hemorrhage - Caused by a decrease in RBC number

Question 33

What results in hemolytic anemia?

Answer 33

A result of the lysis of RBC's as a result of bacterial infections

Question 34

What results in pernicious anemia? What is it usually do to, a lack of what factors required for absorption of the vitamin? What is the intrinsic factor formed by? (3)

Answer 34

- A result of a lack of vitamin B12 - A lack of intristic factors required for absorption - Intrinsic factor is formed by stomach mucosa cells

Question 35

What does aplastic anemia result from? What are examples of this? (4)

Answer 35

- Results from depression/destruction of bone marrow - Cancer - Radiation - Certain medications

Question 36

What results in iron-deficient anemia?

Answer 36

A result of the lack of iron in diet or slow prolonged bleeding

Question 37

Example of what can cause iron-deficient anemia? What reserves does it delete to make hemoglobin? What do RBCs look like and why? (3)

Answer 37

- Heacy menstural flow or bleeding ulcer - Deletes iron reserves needed to make hemoglobin - RBC's are small and pale because they lack hemoglobin - caused by inadequate hemoglobin content in RBC's

Question 38

What does sickle-cell anemia result from? What does that lead to? What happens to the RBC's shape and becuase of increased what? (2)

Answer 38

- A result from genetic defects that lead to abnormal hemoglobin - Becomes sharp and sickle-shaped under conditions of increased oxygen use by body

Question 39

What people does sickle-cell amenia usually occur in? What causes it? (2)

Answer 39

- Occurs mainly in people of African descent - Caused by abnormal hemoglobin in RBC's

Question 40

What are leukocytes far less compared to RBC's? What are they crucial for the body? (2)

Answer 40

- Far less numerous than the RBC's - Crucial to body defense against disease

Question 41

On average, there are __ to __ WBC's per cubic millimeter (mm3). How much do they account for in total blood volume? (2)

Answer 41

- 4000 to 11000 - Account for less than 1% of total blood volume

Question 42

White blood cells are the only __ blood cells in blood. What do they contain?

Answer 42

- Complete - Contain a nucleus and the usual organelles

Question 43

What WBCs are able to slip into and out of the blood vessles, "leaping across"? What blood cells are restricted to the blood vessles? (2)

Answer 43

- Diapedesis - Red blood cells are restricted

Question 44

What does leukemia mean? What does it mean for the bone marrow? What is turned out rapidly? (3)

Answer 44

- Means white blood - When the bone marrow becomes cancerous - Large numbers of WBCs are turned out rapidly

Question 45

(Leukemia) Because these new WBCs are immature and incapable of carrying out their normal protective functions, they body becomes:

Answer 45

the easy prey of disease causing bacteria and viruses