Blood and Lymphatic System (Pt. 1) Flashcards
What is blood the “river” of?
The river of life
What does blood transport? Where? (2)
- Transports everything that must be carried
- From one place to another within the body
What is blood?
Tissue
What kind of tissue is blood?
Fluid (connective) tissue
What does the microscope reveal about what two components it has?
Under a microscope it is revealed to have both solid and liquid components
What is plasma? What is suspended in it? (2)
- Nonliving fluid matrix
- Living blood cells are suspended in
What does plasma spin blood in?
Spins blood in a centrifuge
Where will the heavier formed elements of the plasma/centrifuge be packed into?
The heavier formed elements will be packed to the bottom of the test tube
What will rise to the top of the centrifuge?
Plasma will rise to the stop
What are erythrocytes in the test tube? What functions in oxygen transport? (2)
- The reddish mass at the bottom of the test tube
- The red blood cells that function in oxygen transport
In the centrifuge, what color and density is the buffy coat? It is found in between what? What does it contain? (3)
- A thin, whitish layer
- Found in the test tube between the plasma and the erythrocytes
- It contains leukocytes
What do white blood cells act to do to protect the body? What are they also called? (2)
- Leukocytes
- White blood cells act in various ways to protect the body
What do platelets function in what process? What coat is it found in? (2)
- Cell fragments that function in the blood-clotting process
- Found in the buffy coat
What does the hematocrit measure?
The percentage of erythrocytes of a blood sample
- Normally account for about 45% of the total volume
What kind of fluid is blood? What kind of taste does it have? (2)
- Blood is a sticky, opaque fluid
- Has a metallic taste
If you place a cut finger in your mouth, you discover it has a __ taste.
Salty taste
Depending on the amount of oxygen it is carrying, the color of blood varies from: (2)
- Scarlet
- Dull red
Which blood is oxygen-rich and which blood is oxygen-poor out of scarlet and dull red? (2)
- Scarlet - oxygen-rich
- Dull red - oxygen-poor
Blood is heavier than what? It is five times what? (2)
- Blood is heavier than water
- About five times thicker
What is blood slightly? What two numbers is the pH of blood between? (2)
- Slightly alkaline
- pH between 7.35 and 7.45
What is the temperature of blood? What is is slightly higher than? (2)
- Its temperature is 38 C or 100.4 F
- Slightly higher than body temperature
What makes up 90% of plasma? What portion does plasma make up of blood? (2)
- Plasma is 90% water
- Makes up the liquid portion of blood
How many different substances are dissolved in the straw-colored plasma? What are some of them? (6)
- Over 100 different substances are dissolved
- Nutrients
- Metal ions (salt)
- Respiratory gases
- Hormones
- Plasma proteins
- Various wastes and products of cell metabolism
Why do RBC’s differ from other blood cells? What do they lack? What do they contain few of? (3)
- Because they are anucleate
- They lack a nucleus
- They contain very few organelles
Mature RBC’s = what kind of sacs?
= sacs of heomglobin molecules
What does the hemoglobin protein contain? What gas does hemoglobin bind with? (2)
- Iron - containing protein
- Binds with small amounts of CO2
What does hemoglobin transport, the bulk of which is carried in the blood?
Transports the bulk of the oxygen that is carried in the blood
RBC’s outnumber while blood cells (WBC’s) 1000 to? How many RBC cells are there per cubic millimeter of blood? (2)
- 1000 to 1
- There are about 5 million RBC cells per cubic millimeter of blood
A mm3 is equivlanet to a what of blood, almost not enough to be what?
A mm3 is equivalent to a very tiny drop of blood, almost not enough to be seen
What does anemia decrease in the blood?
A decrease in the oxygen carrying capacity of blood, no matter what the reason
Anemia may be the result of:
- A lower than normal number of what?
- Abnormal or deficient what content in the RBC’s? (2)
- A lower than normal number of RBC’s
- Abnormal or deficient hemoglobin in the RBC’s
What results in hemorrhagic anemia? What causes it? (2)
- A result of a sudden hemorrhage
- Caused by a decrease in RBC number
What results in hemolytic anemia?
A result of the lysis of RBC’s as a result of bacterial infections
What results in pernicious anemia? What is it usually do to, a lack of what factors required for absorption of the vitamin? What is the intrinsic factor formed by? (3)
- A result of a lack of vitamin B12
- A lack of intristic factors required for absorption
- Intrinsic factor is formed by stomach mucosa cells
What does aplastic anemia result from? What are examples of this? (4)
- Results from depression/destruction of bone marrow
- Cancer
- Radiation
- Certain medications
What results in iron-deficient anemia?
A result of the lack of iron in diet or slow prolonged bleeding
Example of what can cause iron-deficient anemia? What reserves does it delete to make hemoglobin?
What do RBCs look like and why? (3)
- Heacy menstural flow or bleeding ulcer
- Deletes iron reserves needed to make hemoglobin
- RBC’s are small and pale because they lack hemoglobin - caused by inadequate hemoglobin content in RBC’s
What does sickle-cell anemia result from? What does that lead to? What happens to the RBC’s shape and becuase of increased what? (2)
- A result from genetic defects that lead to abnormal hemoglobin
- Becomes sharp and sickle-shaped under conditions of increased oxygen use by body
What people does sickle-cell amenia usually occur in? What causes it? (2)
- Occurs mainly in people of African descent
- Caused by abnormal hemoglobin in RBC’s
What are leukocytes far less compared to RBC’s? What are they crucial for the body? (2)
- Far less numerous than the RBC’s
- Crucial to body defense against disease
On average, there are __ to __ WBC’s per cubic millimeter (mm3). How much do they account for in total blood volume? (2)
- 4000 to 11000
- Account for less than 1% of total blood volume
White blood cells are the only __ blood cells in blood. What do they contain?
- Complete
- Contain a nucleus and the usual organelles
What WBCs are able to slip into and out of the blood vessles, “leaping across”? What blood cells are restricted to the blood vessles? (2)
- Diapedesis
- Red blood cells are restricted
What does leukemia mean? What does it mean for the bone marrow? What is turned out rapidly? (3)
- Means white blood
- When the bone marrow becomes cancerous
- Large numbers of WBCs are turned out rapidly
(Leukemia) Because these new WBCs are immature and incapable of carrying out their normal protective functions, they body becomes:
the easy prey of disease causing bacteria and viruses
