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Honors Anatomy > Integumentary System Pt. 2 > Flashcards

Integumentary System Pt. 2 Flashcards

1
Q

People who produce a lot of melanin

A

Brown-toned people

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2
Q

People who have less melanin

A

Light-skinned (Caucasion)

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3
Q

What gives the skin a rosy glow?

A

The crimson color of oxygen-rich hemoglobin in the dermal blood flushes through the transparent cell layers above

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4
Q

What are cutaneous glands?

A

All are exocrine glands

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5
Q

What do exocrine glands retain?

A
  • Their ducts
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6
Q

Where do exocrine glands empty their secretions?

A

Their secretions empty through the ducts to the epithelial surface

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7
Q

What glands lose their connection to the surface?

A

Endocrine

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8
Q

What are endocrine glands called and where do their secretions empty out?

A
  • Ductless glands
  • Secretions empty directly into the blood
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9
Q

Two types of cutaneous glands?

A
  • Sebaceous
  • Sweat
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10
Q

What are sebaceous glands and where are they found?

A
  • Oil glands
  • Found all over the skin except for the hands and the soles of the feet
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11
Q

Where do sebaceous glands empty out and where do they open up?

A
  • Their ducts usually empty into hair follicles
  • Some open directly onto the skin surface
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12
Q

What does sebum mean and what is it a product of?

A
  • Seb = grease
  • The product of the sebaceous glands
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13
Q

What is the sebum a mixture of and what is it? (3)

A
  • A mixture of oily substances and fragmented cells
  • A lubricant that keeps the skin soft and moist
  • Prevents the hair from becoming brittle?
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14
Q

What chemical does sebum contain? What does sebum prevent?

A
  • Sebum contains a chemical that helps kill bacteria
  • Prevents the bacteria on the skin surface from invading the deeper skin surface
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15
Q

If a sebaceous gland becomes blocked with sebum

A

Whitehead

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16
Q

If the accumulated material of the whitehead oxidizes and dries, it darkens

A

Blackhead

17
Q

What are sweat glands also called?

A

Sudoriterous glands (sudor means sweat)

18
Q

How are sweat glands distributed and how many are on a person?

A
  • Widely distributed in the skin
  • More than 2.5 million per person
19
Q

What are the two types of sweat glands?

A
  • Eccrine glands
  • Apocrine glands
20
Q

Where are eccrine glands found and what do they produce?

A
  • Found all over the body
  • Produce sweat
21
Q

What makes up sweat? (5)

A
  • A clear secretion that is primarily water
  • Some salt
  • Vitamin C
  • Traces of metabolic wastes (ammonia urea, uric acid)
  • Lactic acid (chemical that attracts mosquitos)
22
Q

Why are the eccrine glands important? What are they supplied with? What do they secrete and when?

A
  • Important and highly efficient part of the body’s heat-regulating equipment
  • Supplied with nerve ending
  • Cause them to secrete sweat when the external temperature or body temperature is high
23
Q

Where are apocrine glands confined to?

A

Largely confined to the axillary (armpit) and genital areas of the body

24
Q

What are apocrine glands larger than and where do they empty out into?

A
  • Larger than eccrine glands
  • Ducts empty into hair follicles
25
Q

What do the apocrine gland secretions contain?

A
  • Fatty acids
  • Proteins
  • All substances present in eccrine secretions
26
Q

What color are apocrine secretions and how do they smell?

A
  • Milky or yellowish in color
  • Odorless until the bacteria that live on the skin use its proteins and fats as a source of nutrition for their growth
  • Then it takes on a musky and unpleasant odor
27
Q

How many hairs are on the body?

A

Millions of hairs scattered all over the body

28
Q

What are the functions of the hair? (protective) (3)

A
  • Guarding the head against bumps
  • Shielding the eyes (eyelashes)
  • Helps to keep foreign particles out of the respiratory tract (nose hairs)
29
Q

What is hair? What is it produced by?

A

Flexible epithelial structure, produced by a hair follicle

30
Q

What is the root and the shaft?

A
  • Root - the part enclosed in the follicle
  • Shaft - the part projecting from the surface of the scalp or skin
31
Q

What is a nail?

A

A nail is a scale like modification of the epidermis that corresponds to the hoof or claw of other animals

32
Q

What three regions make up the nail?

A
  • The free edge
  • The nail body (visibly attached portion)
  • The nail root (embedded in the skin, is living)
33
Q

What is the nail bed?

A

The stratum basale of the epidermis that extends beneath the nail

34
Q

What is the nail matrix?

A

Responsible for nail growth

35
Q

What does it mean that nails are mostly nonliving material?

A

Nail cells are produced by the matrix, they become heavily keratinized and die

Honors Anatomy (30 decks)

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