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Honors Anatomy > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

The main function of the cardiovascular system is?

A

Transportation

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2
Q

What is the transport vehicle that carries oxygen, nutrients, cell wastes, hormones, and other substances vital for the body homeostasis to and from the cells?

A

Blood

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3
Q

The force to move the blood around the body is provided by what?

A

The beating heart

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4
Q

The heart is the size of an adult what? It weighs less than what? (2)

A
  • Adult fist
  • less than a pound
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5
Q

The heart is located in the bony what? Flanked on each side by what? (2)

A
  • Located in the bony thorax
  • Flanked on each side by the lungs
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6
Q

The heart’s pointed what? Is directed toward the left hip and rests on what? Approximately at the level of the what intercostals space? What is this the exact area where one would place a what to hear an apical pulse? (4)

A
  • Apex
  • Diaphragm
  • Fifth intercostals
  • Stethescope
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7
Q

Its broader, posterosuperior aspect, or base, points towards what shoulder and lies beneath what rib? (from which the great vessels of the body emerge) (2)

A
  • Points towards right shoulder
  • Lies beneath the second rib
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8
Q

What does the pericardium enclose?

A

The heart

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9
Q

Double sac of serous membrane

A

pericardium

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10
Q

Thin and tightly hugs the external surface of the heart and is part of the heart wall

A

Visceral pericardium or epicardium

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11
Q

Slippery lubricating fluid produced by the serous pericardial membranes

A

serous fluid

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12
Q

Serous fluid allows the heart to beat in a relatively ___ environment as the pericardial layers slide ___ across each other (2)

A
  • friction less
  • smoothly
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13
Q

Inflammation of the pericardium, often results in a decrease in the amount of serous fluid (this causes the pericardial layers to bind and stick to each other, forms painful adhesion that interfere with heart movements)

A

pericarditis

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14
Q

The ___ consists of thick bundles of cardiac muscle twisted and whorled into ringlike arragnements, it is this layer that actually contracts

A

myocardium

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15
Q

A thin glistening sheet of endothelium that lines the heart chambers (it is continuous with the ___ of the blood vessels leaving and entering the heart) (2)

A
  • Endocardium
  • linings
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16
Q

The septum that divides the heart ___ is referred to as the interventicular or __ septum, depending on which chamber it divides and separates (2)

A
  • longitudinally
  • interatrial septum
17
Q

Oxygen-rich blood drains from the lungs and is returned to the __ side of the heart through the four __ __ (2)

A
  • left side
  • pulmonary veins
18
Q

Circulation, from the right side of the heart to the lungs and back to the left side of the heart

A

pulmonary circulation

19
Q

Its only function is to carry blood to the lungs for gas exchange and then return it to the heart

A

pulmonary circulation

20
Q

From the second circuit, from the left side of the heart through the body tissues and back to the right side of the heart

A

systemic circulation

21
Q

it supplies oxygen and nutrient rich blood to all body organs

A

systemic circulation

22
Q

The walls of the left ventricle are substantially __ than those of the right ventricle

A

thicker

23
Q

The walls of the left ventricle are a much more powerful __ because it pumps blood over a much __ pathway throughout the body (2)

A
  • pump
  • longer
24
Q

The heart is equipped with how many valves? Allow blood to only flow in __ direction through the heart chambers (2)

A
  • four
  • one
25
Q

Blood flows from the __ to the __ and out the greater __ leaving the heart (3)

A
  • atria
  • ventricles
  • arteries
26
Q

The left AV valve, the __ or __ __ consists of 2 cusps, or flaps, of __. The right AV valve (tricuspid valve) has __ cusps (3)

A
  • Bicuspid or mitral valve
  • endocardium
  • 3
27
Q

Tiny white cords which (heart strings) anchor the cusps to the walls of the ventricles

A

chordae tendinae

28
Q

Guard the bases of the two large arteries leaving the ventricular chambers. These valves are known as the __ and __ __ valves (3)

A
  • semilunar valves
  • pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
29
Q

Each semilunar valve has __ cusps that fit tightly together when the valve is __. Each set of valves operates at a __ time. (3)

A
  • 3
  • closed
  • different
30
Q

Blood contained in the heart does not nourish the?

A

myocardium

31
Q

The blood supply that __ and nourishes the heart is provided by the right and left __ arteries (2)

A
  • oxygenates
  • coronary
32
Q

The myocardium is drained here by several cardiac arteries

A

coronary sinus

33
Q

Where on the heart is the coronary sinus located, and where does it empty into? (2)

A
  • on the backside of the heart
  • empties into the right atrium

Honors Anatomy (30 decks)

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