Cardiovascular System Flashcards
The main function of the cardiovascular system is?
Transportation
What is the transport vehicle that carries oxygen, nutrients, cell wastes, hormones, and other substances vital for the body homeostasis to and from the cells?
Blood
The force to move the blood around the body is provided by what?
The beating heart
The heart is the size of an adult what? It weighs less than what? (2)
- Adult fist
- less than a pound
The heart is located in the bony what? Flanked on each side by what? (2)
- Located in the bony thorax
- Flanked on each side by the lungs
The heart’s pointed what? Is directed toward the left hip and rests on what? Approximately at the level of the what intercostals space? What is this the exact area where one would place a what to hear an apical pulse? (4)
- Apex
- Diaphragm
- Fifth intercostals
- Stethescope
Its broader, posterosuperior aspect, or base, points towards what shoulder and lies beneath what rib? (from which the great vessels of the body emerge) (2)
- Points towards right shoulder
- Lies beneath the second rib
What does the pericardium enclose?
The heart
Double sac of serous membrane
pericardium
Thin and tightly hugs the external surface of the heart and is part of the heart wall
Visceral pericardium or epicardium
Slippery lubricating fluid produced by the serous pericardial membranes
serous fluid
Serous fluid allows the heart to beat in a relatively ___ environment as the pericardial layers slide ___ across each other (2)
- friction less
- smoothly
Inflammation of the pericardium, often results in a decrease in the amount of serous fluid (this causes the pericardial layers to bind and stick to each other, forms painful adhesion that interfere with heart movements)
pericarditis
The ___ consists of thick bundles of cardiac muscle twisted and whorled into ringlike arragnements, it is this layer that actually contracts
myocardium
A thin glistening sheet of endothelium that lines the heart chambers (it is continuous with the ___ of the blood vessels leaving and entering the heart) (2)
- Endocardium
- linings
The septum that divides the heart ___ is referred to as the interventicular or __ septum, depending on which chamber it divides and separates (2)
- longitudinally
- interatrial septum
Oxygen-rich blood drains from the lungs and is returned to the __ side of the heart through the four __ __ (2)
- left side
- pulmonary veins
Circulation, from the right side of the heart to the lungs and back to the left side of the heart
pulmonary circulation
Its only function is to carry blood to the lungs for gas exchange and then return it to the heart
pulmonary circulation
From the second circuit, from the left side of the heart through the body tissues and back to the right side of the heart
systemic circulation
it supplies oxygen and nutrient rich blood to all body organs
systemic circulation
The walls of the left ventricle are substantially __ than those of the right ventricle
thicker
The walls of the left ventricle are a much more powerful __ because it pumps blood over a much __ pathway throughout the body (2)
- pump
- longer
The heart is equipped with how many valves? Allow blood to only flow in __ direction through the heart chambers (2)
- four
- one
