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Honors Anatomy > Endocrine (Pt. 1) > Flashcards

Endocrine (Pt. 1) Flashcards

1
Q

What do the endocrine and nervous systems do to the body’s cells?

A

Coordinate and direct the activity of the body’s cells

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2
Q

What do the endocrine and nervous systems coordinate and direct?

A

Coordinate and direct the activity of the body’s cells

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3
Q

What is different in the regulating systems of the endocrine and nervous systems?

A

The speed of control in these two great regulating systems is very different

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4
Q

What is the endocrine system more?

A

The more slow

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5
Q

What does the endocrine system use as chemical messengers?

A

Uses chemical messengers called hormones

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6
Q

What are hormones released into? How are they transported throughout the body? (2)

A
  • Released into the blood
  • To be transported leisurely throughout the body
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7
Q

What chemicals do hormones contain? (4)

A
  • C
  • H
  • O
  • N
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8
Q

What kind of substances are hormones? What are they secreted by? Into what fluids are they secreted? (3)

A
  • Chemical substances
  • Secreted by cells
  • Into the extracellular fluids
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9
Q

What activity do hormones regulate of what in the body? (2)

A
  • Regulate the metabolic activity
  • Of the cells in the body
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10
Q

How many kinds of hormones are produced?

A

Many different hormones are produced

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11
Q

What are nearly all hormones classified as? What are the two types of classifications? (2)

A
  • Nearly all of them can be classified chemically
  • Amino acid-based molecules and steroids
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12
Q

What do amino acid-based molecules include? (3)

A
  • Proteins
  • Peptides
  • Amines
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13
Q

What is the third chemical class of hormones?

A

Prostaglandins

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14
Q

What are prostaglandins made from? Where is that highly active substance found in the cell? (2)

A
  • These hormones are made from highly active lipids
  • Found in the cell’s plasma membranes
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15
Q

Where do the blood borne hormones circulate?

A

Circulate to all the organs of the body

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16
Q

What does a given hormone only affect? What are they referred to as? (3)

A

A given hormone affects only
- certain tissue cells
- organs
Referred to as its target cells or target organs

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17
Q

Where does the term hormone come from and what does it mean?

A
  • Comes from the Greek word meaning “to arouse”
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18
Q

What do the body’s hormones do in terms of arousing on what? By altering what activity? (2)

A
  • They arouse or bring about their effects on the body’s cells
  • Primarily by altering cellular activity
19
Q

What is there a huge detail regarding hormones? How many mechanisms are there by which hormones trigger changes in cells?

A
  • There is a huge variety of hormones
  • There are really only 2 mechanisms by which hormones trigger changes in cells
20
Q

What mechanism do steroidal hormones?

A

Steroidal hormones use the mechanism of direct gene activation

21
Q

In non-steroidal hormones, what does the enzyme do? What does it produce? What type? (3)

A
  • The enzyme in turn catalyzes a reaction
  • Produces a second messenger molecule
  • Cylic AMP, or cAMP
22
Q

What kind of glands are endocrine glands?

A

Ductless glands

23
Q

Endocrine glands produce hormones that are released into what? (2)

A
  • Blood
  • Lymph
24
Q

What size is the pituitary gland?

A

About the size of a grape

25
Q

What does the pituitary gland hang by? From where? Of what? (3)

A
  • Hands by a stalk
  • From the inferior surface of the hypothalamus
  • Of the brain
26
Q

What is the pituitary gland snugly surrounded by? Of what? (2)

A
  • Snugly surrounded by the Turk’s Saddle
  • Of the sphenoid bone
27
Q

What does the pituitary gland have two of? What are they? (2)

A
  • Two functional lobes
  • The anterior pituitary and the posterior pituitary
28
Q

What is the anterior pituitary made out of? What is the posterior pituitary made out of?

A

Anterior - glandular tissue
Posterior - nervous tissue

29
Q

What are the remaining 4 hormones of the pituitary gland? (4)

A
  • Thyrotropic hormone
  • Adrenocortioctropic hormone
  • Two gonadotropic hormones
30
Q

What describes the 4 remaining hormones of the pituitary glands? What do they stimulate? (2)

A
  • All are tropic hormones
  • Hormones that stimulate their target organ
31
Q

What are the target organs of the pituitary gland also known as?

A

These target organs are also called endocrine glands

32
Q

What will the target organs/endocrine glands of the pituitary gland secrete? What do they exert their effects on? (2)

A
  • They will secrete their hormones
  • Which exert their effects on other body organs and tissue
33
Q

What kind of hormone is the growth hormone (GH)?

A

A general metabolic hormone

34
Q

What kind of growth are the major effects of the body directed towards with growth hormones? (2)

A
  • Skeletal muscles
  • Long bones
35
Q

What does GH play an important role in determining?

A

Plays an important role in determining final body size

36
Q

What does GH cause to fats? What is it used for? (2)

A
  • It also causes fats to be broken down
  • Used for energy
37
Q

What does GH spare? What does it help to maintain? (2)

A
  • Spares glucose
  • Helping to maintain blood sugar homeostasis
38
Q

What does “pro” mean? What does “lact” mean? (2)

A
  • Pro = for
  • Lact = milk
39
Q

What is the prolactin (PLR) hormone?

A

A protein hormone

40
Q

What is PLR structually similar to? What is its only known target in humans? (2)

A
  • Structurally similar to growth hormone
  • Only known target in humans is the breast
41
Q

What does PLR stimulate and maintain after childbirth by what? (2)

A
  • Stimulates and maintains milk production
  • By the mother’s breast
42
Q

What is the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) also called?

A

Also called Thyrotropic Hormone (TH)

43
Q

What does TSH influence?

A

Influences the growth and activity of the thyroid gland

Honors Anatomy (30 decks)

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