Endocrine (Pt. 1) Flashcards
What do the endocrine and nervous systems do to the body’s cells?
Coordinate and direct the activity of the body’s cells
What do the endocrine and nervous systems coordinate and direct?
Coordinate and direct the activity of the body’s cells
What is different in the regulating systems of the endocrine and nervous systems?
The speed of control in these two great regulating systems is very different
What is the endocrine system more?
The more slow
What does the endocrine system use as chemical messengers?
Uses chemical messengers called hormones
What are hormones released into? How are they transported throughout the body? (2)
- Released into the blood
- To be transported leisurely throughout the body
What chemicals do hormones contain? (4)
- C
- H
- O
- N
What kind of substances are hormones? What are they secreted by? Into what fluids are they secreted? (3)
- Chemical substances
- Secreted by cells
- Into the extracellular fluids
What activity do hormones regulate of what in the body? (2)
- Regulate the metabolic activity
- Of the cells in the body
How many kinds of hormones are produced?
Many different hormones are produced
What are nearly all hormones classified as? What are the two types of classifications? (2)
- Nearly all of them can be classified chemically
- Amino acid-based molecules and steroids
What do amino acid-based molecules include? (3)
- Proteins
- Peptides
- Amines
What is the third chemical class of hormones?
Prostaglandins
What are prostaglandins made from? Where is that highly active substance found in the cell? (2)
- These hormones are made from highly active lipids
- Found in the cell’s plasma membranes
Where do the blood borne hormones circulate?
Circulate to all the organs of the body
What does a given hormone only affect? What are they referred to as? (3)
A given hormone affects only
- certain tissue cells
- organs
Referred to as its target cells or target organs
Where does the term hormone come from and what does it mean?
- Comes from the Greek word meaning “to arouse”
What do the body’s hormones do in terms of arousing on what? By altering what activity? (2)
- They arouse or bring about their effects on the body’s cells
- Primarily by altering cellular activity
What is there a huge detail regarding hormones? How many mechanisms are there by which hormones trigger changes in cells?
- There is a huge variety of hormones
- There are really only 2 mechanisms by which hormones trigger changes in cells
What mechanism do steroidal hormones?
Steroidal hormones use the mechanism of direct gene activation
In non-steroidal hormones, what does the enzyme do? What does it produce? What type? (3)
- The enzyme in turn catalyzes a reaction
- Produces a second messenger molecule
- Cylic AMP, or cAMP
What kind of glands are endocrine glands?
Ductless glands
Endocrine glands produce hormones that are released into what? (2)
- Blood
- Lymph
What size is the pituitary gland?
About the size of a grape
