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Honors Anatomy > Muscles (Pt. 1) > Flashcards

Muscles (Pt. 1) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three types of muscle tissue? (3)

A
  • Skeletal
  • Cardiac
  • Smooth
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2
Q

How do the muscle tissues differ? (3)

A
  • Cell structure
  • Body location
  • How they are stimulated to contract
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3
Q

What can describe all muscle cells?

A

All muscle cells are elongated

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4
Q

What are all muscle cells called regardless of type?

A

Regardless of type, they are called muscle fibers

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5
Q

How many muscles are there in the body?

A

There are over 600 muscles in the body

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6
Q

What do muscle fibers have the ability to do? What does this depend on? (2)

A
  • Muscle fibers have the ability to shorten and contract
  • This depends on two types of myofilaments
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7
Q

What does the prefix myo mean?

A

Means muscle

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8
Q

What are muscle filaments the equivalent of and of what?

A

Are the equivalent of the micro filaments of the cytoskeleton

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9
Q

What does the prefix sarco mean?

A

Means flesh

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10
Q

What does the prefix sarco refer too?

A

Refers to the muscle

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11
Q

What is the cytoplasm of a muscle cell also called?

A

Called the sarcoplasm

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12
Q

What are skeletal muscle fibers packaged into?

A

Packaged into organs called skeletal muscles

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13
Q

What does skeletal muscle (skeletal muscle fibers) attach to?

A

Attaches to the body’s skeleton

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14
Q

What do skeletal muscles give the body?

A

Give the body its smoother contour

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15
Q

What are skeletal muscles shaped like?

A

Shaped like cigars

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16
Q

What describes the cells of skeletal muscles?

A

Multinucleated cells

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17
Q

What are skeletal muscles the largest types of? How long can they become? (2)

A
  • The largest of the muscle fiber types
  • Some are up to a foot (30 c.m.) in length
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18
Q

What is skeletal muscle also called? What do its fibers appear to be? (2)

A
  • Skeletal muscle is also called striated muscle
  • Its fibers appear to be striped
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19
Q

What is sarcolemma?

A

Plasma membrane in muscle cells

20
Q

What can be seen below sarcolemma?

A

Many oval nuclei can be seen just beneath this

21
Q

What are myofibrils? What do they push? (2)

A
  • Long ribbon-like organelles
  • Push aside nuclei
22
Q

What do the myofibrils do to the muscle cells appearance? What kind of appearance? (2)

A
  • Give muscle cells their striped appearance
  • Light and dark alternating bands
23
Q

What are the two types of thread-like proteins within the sacromeres? (2)

A
  • Myosin (dark)
  • Actin (light)
24
Q

What is myosin?

A

Protein that makes up the thick myosin filaments

25
Q

What does myosin contain? What does that mean/what does it do to generate power for what? (2)

A
  • Contain ATPase enzymes
  • Split ATP to generate the power for muscle contraction
26
Q

What does sarcoplasmic reticulum need calcium to do?

A

Calcium (Ca) provides the final “go” signal for contraction

27
Q

What are important key words for describing cardiac muscle? (3)

A
  • Cardiac
  • Striated
  • Involuntary
28
Q

What are cardiac fibers cushioned by small amounts of what?

A

Cushioned by small amounts of soft connective tissue

29
Q

What are cardiac fibers arranged into? (2)

A
  • Arranged in spiral
  • Or figure 8 shaped bundles
30
Q

What bone does the frontalis cover?

A

Covers the frontal bone

31
Q

What does frontalis allow for?

A

Allows for the raising of the eyebrows

32
Q

What are orbicularis oculi and where do they run around? (2)

A
  • Fibers
  • That run in circles around the eyes
33
Q

What does orbicularis oculi allow for? (4)

A
  • Closing of the eyes
  • Squinting
  • Blinking
  • Winking
34
Q

What is the buccinator? How does it run? Where does it insert into? (3)

A
  • A fleshy muscle
  • Runs horizontally across the cheek
  • Inserts into the orbicularis oris
35
Q

What is the buccinator also? Why? (2)

A
  • It is also a chewing muscle
  • Because it compresses the cheek to hold the food between the teeth during chewing
36
Q

What is the orbicularis oris?

A

The circular muscles of the lips

37
Q

What is the orbicularis often called? Why? (2)

A
  • Often called the “kissing muscle”
  • Because it closes the mouth and protrudes the lips
38
Q

Where does the zygomaticus extends from? To where? (2)

A
  • Extends from the corner of the mouth
  • To the cheekbone
39
Q

What is the zygomaticus referred to as?

A

Referred to as the “smiling muscle”

40
Q

What does the zygomaticus raise the corners of and where?

A

Raises the corners of the mouth upward

41
Q

What angle does the masseter cover? What process does it run from? Of what to where? (3)

A
  • Covers the angle of the lower jaw
  • As it runs from the zygomatic process
  • Of the temporal bone to the mandible
42
Q

What does the masseter do to the jaw by elevating the mandible?

A

Closes the jaw by elevating the mandible

43
Q

What does masticating mean?
What kind of muscle is the masseter? (2)

A
  • Masticating = chewing
  • Chewing (masticating) muscle
44
Q

What shape is the temporalis? What does it overlay? (2)

A
  • Fan shaped muscle
  • Overlaying the temporal muscle
45
Q

Where does the temporalis insert?

A

Inserts into the mandible

46
Q

What does the temporalis act as in closing the jaw? What does that mean? (2)

A
  • Acts as a synergist in closing the jaw
  • Enhances the effectiveness of the masseter

Honors Anatomy (30 decks)

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