Muscles (Pt. 1)

Question 1

What are the three types of muscle tissue? (3)

Answer 1

• Skeletal
• Cardiac
• Smooth

Question 2

How do the muscle tissues differ? (3)

Answer 2

• Cell structure
• Body location
• How they are stimulated to contract

Question 3

What can describe all muscle cells?

Answer 3

All muscle cells are elongated

Question 4

What are all muscle cells called regardless of type?

Answer 4

Regardless of type, they are called muscle fibers

Question 5

How many muscles are there in the body?

Answer 5

There are over 600 muscles in the body

Question 6

What do muscle fibers have the ability to do? What does this depend on? (2)

Answer 6

• Muscle fibers have the ability to shorten and contract
• This depends on two types of myofilaments

Question 7

What does the prefix myo mean?

Answer 7

Means muscle

Question 8

What are muscle filaments the equivalent of and of what?

Answer 8

Are the equivalent of the micro filaments of the cytoskeleton

Question 9

What does the prefix sarco mean?

Answer 9

Means flesh

Question 10

What does the prefix sarco refer too?

Answer 10

Refers to the muscle

Question 11

What is the cytoplasm of a muscle cell also called?

Answer 11

Called the sarcoplasm

Question 12

What are skeletal muscle fibers packaged into?

Answer 12

Packaged into organs called skeletal muscles

Question 13

What does skeletal muscle (skeletal muscle fibers) attach to?

Answer 13

Attaches to the body’s skeleton

Question 14

What do skeletal muscles give the body?

Answer 14

Give the body its smoother contour

Question 15

What are skeletal muscles shaped like?

Answer 15

Shaped like cigars

Question 16

What describes the cells of skeletal muscles?

Answer 16

Multinucleated cells

Question 17

What are skeletal muscles the largest types of? How long can they become? (2)

Answer 17

• The largest of the muscle fiber types
• Some are up to a foot (30 c.m.) in length

Question 18

What is skeletal muscle also called? What do its fibers appear to be? (2)

Answer 18

• Skeletal muscle is also called striated muscle
• Its fibers appear to be striped

Question 19

What is sarcolemma?

Answer 19

Plasma membrane in muscle cells

Question 20

What can be seen below sarcolemma?

Answer 20

Many oval nuclei can be seen just beneath this

Question 21

What are myofibrils? What do they push? (2)

Answer 21

• Long ribbon-like organelles
• Push aside nuclei

Question 22

What do the myofibrils do to the muscle cells appearance? What kind of appearance? (2)

Answer 22

• Give muscle cells their striped appearance
• Light and dark alternating bands

Question 23

What are the two types of thread-like proteins within the sacromeres? (2)

Answer 23

• Myosin (dark)
• Actin (light)

Question 24

What is myosin?

Answer 24

Protein that makes up the thick myosin filaments

Question 25

What does myosin contain? What does that mean/what does it do to generate power for what? (2)

Answer 25

- Contain ATPase enzymes - Split ATP to generate the power for muscle contraction

Question 26

What does sarcoplasmic reticulum need calcium to do?

Answer 26

Calcium (Ca) provides the final "go" signal for contraction

Question 27

What are important key words for describing cardiac muscle? (3)

Answer 27

- Cardiac - Striated - Involuntary

Question 28

What are cardiac fibers cushioned by small amounts of what?

Answer 28

Cushioned by small amounts of soft connective tissue

Question 29

What are cardiac fibers arranged into? (2)

Answer 29

- Arranged in spiral - Or figure 8 shaped bundles

Question 30

What bone does the frontalis cover?

Answer 30

Covers the frontal bone

Question 31

What does frontalis allow for?

Answer 31

Allows for the raising of the eyebrows

Question 32

What are orbicularis oculi and where do they run around? (2)

Answer 32

- Fibers - That run in circles around the eyes

Question 33

What does orbicularis oculi allow for? (4)

Answer 33

- Closing of the eyes - Squinting - Blinking - Winking

Question 34

What is the buccinator? How does it run? Where does it insert into? (3)

Answer 34

- A fleshy muscle - Runs horizontally across the cheek - Inserts into the orbicularis oris

Question 35

What is the buccinator also? Why? (2)

Answer 35

- It is also a chewing muscle - Because it compresses the cheek to hold the food between the teeth during chewing

Question 36

What is the orbicularis oris?

Answer 36

The circular muscles of the lips

Question 37

What is the orbicularis often called? Why? (2)

Answer 37

- Often called the "kissing muscle" - Because it closes the mouth and protrudes the lips

Question 38

Where does the zygomaticus extends from? To where? (2)

Answer 38

- Extends from the corner of the mouth - To the cheekbone

Question 39

What is the zygomaticus referred to as?

Answer 39

Referred to as the "smiling muscle"

Question 40

What does the zygomaticus raise the corners of and where?

Answer 40

Raises the corners of the mouth upward

Question 41

What angle does the masseter cover? What process does it run from? Of what to where? (3)

Answer 41

- Covers the angle of the lower jaw - As it runs from the zygomatic process - Of the temporal bone to the mandible

Question 42

What does the masseter do to the jaw by elevating the mandible?

Answer 42

Closes the jaw by elevating the mandible

Question 43

What does masticating mean? What kind of muscle is the masseter? (2)

Answer 43

- Masticating = chewing - Chewing (masticating) muscle

Question 44

What shape is the temporalis? What does it overlay? (2)

Answer 44

- Fan shaped muscle - Overlaying the temporal muscle

Question 45

Where does the temporalis insert?

Answer 45

Inserts into the mandible

Question 46

What does the temporalis act as in closing the jaw? What does that mean? (2)

Answer 46

- Acts as a synergist in closing the jaw - Enhances the effectiveness of the masseter