Muscles (Pt. 3)

Question 1

How many groups of upper limb muscles are there?

Answer 1

Three

Question 2

What is the first group of upper limb muscles? What do they arise from? What do they cross? Where do they insert? (upper arm) (3)

Answer 2

• Arise from the shoulder girdle
• Cross the shoulder joint
• To insert into the humerus

Question 3

What are the muscles that are part of the first group up upper limb muscles? (3)

Answer 3

• Pectoralis major
• Latissimus dorsi
• Deltoids

Question 4

What joint is movement in the second group up upper limb muscles?

Answer 4

Movement at the elbow joint

Question 5

Where do muscles of the forearm insert into? What do they cause there? (2)

Answer 5

• Insert into the hand bones
• Cause their movement

Question 6

What do all anterior arm muscles cause?

Answer 6

All anterior arm muscles cause elbow flexion

Question 7

What is the order of decreasing strength of the forearm muscles? (3)

Answer 7

• Brachialis
• Biceps brachii
• Brachioradialis

Question 8

What is the order of increasing strength of the forearm muscles? (3)

Answer 8

• Brachioradialis
• Biceps brachii
• Brachialis

Question 9

Where do the brachialis lie deep to? What is it as important as in elbow flexion? (2)

Answer 9

• Lies deep to the biceps muscle
• Is as important as the biceps in elbow flexion

Question 10

What is the brachioradialis? What does it arise on? Where does it insert distally into? (3)

Answer 10

• A fairly weak muscle
• Arises on the humerus
• Inserts into the distal humerus

Question 11

Where does the brachioradialis reside on mainly?

Answer 11

Resides mainly on the forearm

Question 12

What is inflammation of the brachioradialis called? (Humerus/forearm)

Answer 12

Inflammation = tennis elbow

Question 13

What is the only muscle fleshing out the posterior humerus?

Answer 13

Triceps brachii

Question 14

What are the triceps brachii the only muscle of?

Answer 14

The only muscle fleshing out the posterior humerus

Question 15

What arises from the triceps brachii and where do they arise from? Where does it insert into? (2)

Answer 15

• Its three heads arise from the shoulder girdle and proximal humerus
• It inserts into the olecranon process of the ulna

Question 16

What is the triceps brachii a powerful prime mover of? What is it the antagonist of? (2)

Answer 16

• This muscle is a powerful prime mover of elbow extension
• Is the antagonist of the biceps brachii

Question 17

Where do the lower limb muscles cause movement at? (3)

Answer 17

• Hip
• Knee
• Foot joints

Question 18

What describes the lower limb muscles?

Answer 18

They are among the largest, strongest muscles of the body

Question 19

What are the lower limb muscles specialized for? (2)

Answer 19

Specialized for
- walking
- and balancing the body

Question 20

What is the gluteus maximus? What does it mostly form? (2)

Answer 20

• A superficial muscle of the hip
• That forms most of the flesh of the buttock

Question 21

What kind of extensor is the gluteus maximus? What does it act to do with the pelvis? (2)

Answer 21

• It is a powerful hip extensor
• Acts to bring the thigh in a straight line with the pelvis

Question 22

What is the gluteus maximus the most important muscle for when and what actions is it required for? (2)

Answer 22

• Most important muscle for extending the hip
• When power is needed in climbing stairs and jumping

Question 23

Where does the gluteus maximus originate from? Where does it run to insert on? (2)

Answer 23

• Originates from the sacrum and iliac bones
• Runs to insert on the gluteal tuberosity of the femur

Question 24

What is the gluteus maximus an important site for?

Answer 24

Important site for injections of meds that are more than 5 mL

Question 25

What is the iliopsoas a prime mover of?

Answer 25

Prime mover of hip flexion

Question 26

What does the ilioposas act to do when standing erect?

Answer 26

Acts to keep the upper body from falling backward when standing erect

Question 27

What are the adductor muscles? What do they form? Where? (2)

Answer 27

• A group of muscles that form the muscle mass
• At the medial side of each thigh

Question 28

What do the adductor muscles do to the thighs?

Answer 28

These muscles adduct or press the thighs together

Question 29

What does the hamstring group form and where?

Answer 29

Muscles forming the muscle mass of the posterior thigh

Question 30

What muscles does the hamstring group consist of? (3)

Answer 30

• Biceps femoris
• Semimembranosus
• Semitendinosus

Question 31

Where does the name hamstring come from?

Answer 31

Comes from the fact that butchers use their tendons to hang hams for smoking

Question 32

What is the sartorius? What is weak about it? (2)

Answer 32

• A thin, strap-like muscle
• It is a weak thigh flexor

Question 33

What is the sartorius “most” of the thigh? What is hard to do to it? (2)

Answer 33

• The most superficial muscle of the thigh
• It is hard to miss

Question 34

How many muscles does the quadriceps group consist of?

Answer 34

Consists of four muscles

Question 35

What muscles make up the quadriceps group? What do the three muscles flesh out? (2)

Answer 35

• Rectus femoris
• Three vastus muscles that flesh out the anterior knee

Question 36

What does the quadriceps group do as a whole? What is an example of that? (2)

Answer 36

• The group as a whole, act to extend the knee powerfully
• Ex: kicking a football

Question 37

What joints does the rectus femoris cross? (2)

Answer 37

The rectus femoris crosses two joints:
- the hip
- the knee

Question 38

What does the rectus femoris help to flex?

Answer 38

Also helps to flex the hip

Question 39

What is the rectus femoris on top of? What is it closest to? (2)

Answer 39

• It is on top of the vastus medialis
• This is closest to the midline of the body