Test 2: lab 17: digestive: stomach

Question 1

Answer 1

lamina propria extends into the papilla
no muscularis mucosa
muscularis externa: smooth muscle

Question 2

Answer 2

papillae are flat, paddle like structures,
dense, darkly stained band of connective tissue, mimics a muscularis mucosa

Question 3

Answer 3

keratinized squamous epithelium with intercellular bridges
glands and muscularis mucosa are missing
no distinct border between mucosa and submucosa
(fibers of the lamina propria are finer and do not bundle
deep to this would be a smooth muscle- muscularis externa- not seen on this slide

Question 4

Answer 4

keratinized squamous epi.
mucosa is long and short folds, not papilla like in the rumen
short folds- lamina propria only
longer folds- lamina propria and muscularis mucosa
longest folds- lamina propria and muscularis mucosa, bundles of smooth muscle near their free end

tall folds= honeycomb part, there are papilla coming off tall folds laterally

Question 5

Answer 5

muscularis mucosa- bundles of smooth muscle within the long folds

Question 6

Answer 6

long folds → laminae omasi (folds).

the lamina propria, muscularis mucosa, submucosa and part of the muscularis externa extend into the long folds

Question 7

Answer 7

the primary lamella (laminae omasi)

there is all layers inside

the muscle layer forms a three layer sandwich

two outer muscularis mucosa, inner muscularis externa

Question 8

horse stomach

Answer 8

margo plicatus

non glandular meets glandular part of the horse stomach

non glandular= keratinized SSE and no glands

glandular= simple columnar epithelium

gastric pits- depression in the mucosal epithelium

simple tubular mucous glands open into the epithelium at the base of the gastric pits

lymphatic nodules may be evident

Question 9

Answer 9

mucosa: organized into gastric pits and gastric glands

muscularis externa: very thick (sometimes even three layers- inner oblique layer, inner circular, outer longitudinal)

serosa not seen

folds of stomach= rugea

Question 10

Answer 10

mucosa

epithelial layer: gastric pits - secrete mucous and gastric glands

lamina propria- lighter color tissue in between glands

Question 11

Answer 11

epithelium- gastric pits are lined with simple columnar cells that secrete mucous → not the same as goblet cells in the intestine

gastric glands (deeper) open into gastric pits- simple tubular glands with four regions: fundus/base, body, neck and isthmus

isthmus- is the open end that terminates into the gastric pits

Question 12

Answer 12

body of the gastric gland in the fundus of the stomach of a cat

chief cells secrete pepsinogen and are basophilic (purple), triangle shape with nucleus toward the base

parietal cells: secrete HCl, large round, eosinophilic (pink), large central nucleus

Question 13

Answer 13

base of the gastric glands in the fundus of the stomach of a dog

chief cells- pepsinogen- purple pyramids

parietal cells- HCl- pink, round central nucleus

Question 14

Answer 14

lamina subglandularis: has two layers in a cat

the stratum granulosum, consists of fibroblasts.

The outer layer, the stratum compactum, is composed of densely woven collagenous and elastic fibers. (made by the fibroblasts of the inner layer)

muscularis mucosa- has three layers: inner circular, middle longitudinal, outer circular in the pyloric and fundic regions of the stomach

Question 15

Answer 15

gastric glands much shorter in this region of the stomach

gastric glands make mucous, instead of pepcin like they did in the fundus of the stomach

Question 16

Answer 16

lamina subglandularis:

stratum granulosum contain fibroblasts which make the elastin and compactum of the deeper stratum compactum

Question 17

Answer 17

avian stomach

glandular- proventriculus

lobules of compound tubular glands, secretory units are located in the sub mucosa

and muscular gizzard (ventriculus)

Question 18

Answer 18

plates secretory cells, cuboidal epithelial cells (oxynticopeptic cells)

are arranged in thin layers of connective tissue in the submucosa that radiate around a central lumen

not held together by apical-junctional complexes- gaps give serrated appearance

secrete Hcl and pepsinoge

same function as both the parietal and chief cells in a mammal

enzymes are collected into central cavity lined by columnar epithelium and then discharged through a series of ducts and into lumen of the proventriculus

Question 19

Answer 19

duct orifice is surrounded by rings of mucosal folds/rings called plica

depressions between the fold are called- sulcus

Question 20

Answer 20

On the mucosal surface there is a bright pink layer of filamentous, keratinoid protein. This tough lining is well developed in birds that eat rough foods. It is secreted by branched, tubular glands that lie along, and at the base of, the gastric pits.

These pits project downward from the mucosa. The secretion is hardened by HCl and is anchored to the gizzard wall.

Question 21

Answer 21

pink= filamentous, keratinoid protein. This tough lining is well developed in birdsthat eat rough foods.

Question 22

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Question 23

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Question 24

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Question 25

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Question 26

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Question 27

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Question 28

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Question 29

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Question 30

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Question 31

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Question 32

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Question 33

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Question 34

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Question 35

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Question 36

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Question 37

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Question 38

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Question 39

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Question 40

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Question 41

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Question 42

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Question 43

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Question 44

Histologically four distinct regions of a stomach can be identified: the ___ region, and the ___ regions (cardiac, fundic, and pyloric

Answer 44

non-glandular

glandular

Question 45

The non-glandular region (esophageal in carnivores) is lined by ___ epithelium.

Answer 45

stratified squamous

Question 46

The cardiac region is characterized by ___ glands, that are branched, tubular, and coiled.

Answer 46

cardiac

Question 47

The secretory cells of the cardiac region of the stomach are columnar, ___ secreting cells.

Answer 47

mucus-

Question 48

The ___region is also glandular, but their glands are longer than the cardiac glands, and they are less frequently branched.

Answer 48

fundic

Question 49

The gland cells of the fundic region secrete gastric enzymes and ___

Answer 49

HCl.