lab 5 cartilage Flashcards
what are the three types of cartilage
hyaline, elastic, and fibrous cartilage.
most prevalent cartilage in vertebrates.
hyaline
In the fetus, ____ cartilage forms most of the skeletal blueprint before it is replaced by bone and bone marrow through a process known as ____
hyaline
endochondral ossification
In adults, hyaline cartilage persists ____
as the nasal, laryngeal, tracheobronchial, and costal cartilages, articular surface of synovial joints (e.g. knee, shoulder).
this tissue has tremendous resilience and is uniquely suited for withstanding compressive forces.
hyaline cartilage
ECM of hyaline cartilage
Iavascular extracellular matrix (ECM)
thin (type II collagen)
amorphous material consisting largely of sulfated proteoglycans
(e.g. the large proteoglycan aggrecan, which contains aggregates of hyaluronic acid, and chondroitin sulfate and keratan sulfate)
Hyaline cartilage amorphous ground substance is made of
sulfated proteoglycans (e.g. the large proteoglycan aggrecan, which contains aggregates of hyaluronic acid, and chondroitin sulfate and keratan sulfate).
The sulfate groups on the chondroitin and keratan sulfate molecules strongly attract ___ dyes and thus determine the basophilic staining characteristic of cartilage.
Thus, if your slide is stained with H&E, the cartilage ECM will stain a ____
basic
very strong purple
Most cartilages are sheathed by a two-layered ____
perichondrium
The outermost layer of the perichondrium consists of _____ the cells (____) in this layer are spindle-shaped.
dense irregular connective tissue (type I collagen)
fibroblasts
The inner layer is ____ consisting of 2-3 layers of flattened, fibroblast-like ____cells.
chondrogenic
chondrogenic
young cartilage cells)
chondroblasts
chondroblasts secrete ECM and become trapped within it. They are then called ___
chondrocytes.
During tissue preparation, chondrocytes retract from the lacunar walls, often leaving gaping holes. This shrinkage is an artifact and does not exist in life.
daughter cells of condocytes are called ___ and are separated by a very narrow _____
isogenous groups
matrical septum
The ECM immediately enveloping the chondrocytes is the ____.
territorial matrix,
The ECM that is farther away from the chondrocytes that is paler is the ____
interterritorial matrix
The ECM of elastic cartilage contains:
elastic fibers
type II collagen
sulfated proteoglycans
Elastic cartilage is found in the___
auricle of the external ear, and a major portion of the epiglottis.
Elastic cartilage has ___
remarkable flexibility and the ability to regain its original shape after deformation
The elastic fibers in an H &E slide are ____
Weigert’s _____
Orcein ____
pale pink
purple
red
true or false
elastic cartilage is vascular in adults
false
EC is Avascular is adults
____ is generally avascular, and lacks a perichondrium. It is a hybrid tissue, with many characteristics of dense connective tissue and hyaline cartilage
Fibrous Cartilage
ECM of fibrous cartilage have ___
type 1 and type 11 collagen fibers
low concentration of proteoglycans.
What color is fibrous cartilage
opaque
Where can you find fibrous cartilage
located in transitional zones between hyaline cartilage and dense connective tissue.
pubic symphyses, intervertebral discs, and at points where tendons insert into bones.
home of condrocytes
lacunae
in fibrous cartilage isogenous groups are in
rows
intra-cartilaginous ossification is another name for
Endochondral ossification
periosteal bone and many cranial bones, arise through ____
intramembranous ossification
epiphyseal plates or discs is another name for
cartilaginous growth plates
what are the zones of EO growth
zone of resting
zone of proliferation
zone of hypertrophy
zone of degradation
zone of ossification
this zone is unaffected by EO, and is recognizable as being closest to the epiphysis and by containing randomly scattered chondrocytes
Resting zone (or “zone of reserve cartilage”)
“zone of reserve cartilage”
Resting zone
his zone is recognizable by the stacking of chondrocytes into vertical columns (isogenous groups)
Zone of proliferation (or “zone of multiplication”);
“zone of multiplication”
Zone of proliferation
his zone is recognized by the swelling and increase of cell size
Zone of hypertrophy
this zone is represented by one terminal layer of hypertrophic chondrocytes that are facing the trabecular bone and marrow
Zone of degradation (or “zone of calcification and erosion”
“zone of calcification and erosion”
Zone of degradation
this zone is recognized by trabecular bony spicules with hypertrophic cartilage cores
zone of ossification
bone-resorbing cells
osteoclasts
osteoclasts are found it which zone
zone of ossification
osteoclasts are present on trabecular bone surfaces in ____
resorption pits or Howship’s lacunae
Osteoclasts
are derived from the monocytic lineage, and are multinucleate (anywhere from 2-40 nuclei).
what are the ovals?
Trachea
- Hyaline cartilage
- Isogenous group
- Territorial matrix
- Interterritorial matrix
- Chondrocyte
Trachea
- Interterritorial matrix
- Territorial matrix
- Inner layer of perichondrium
- Outer layer of perichondrium
- Lacuna
Ear
- Elastic cartilage
- Lacuna
- Densely packed elastic fibers
Ear
- Chondrocyte
- Territorial matrix
- Interterritorial matrix
- Inner perichondrium
- Outer perichondrium
- Elastic fibers
Epiglottis
- Interterritorial matrix
- Elastic fiber
- Territorial matrix
- Inner layer of the perichondrium
- Outer layer of the perichondrium
intervertebral disc
Fibrous Cartilage
- Chondrocytes
- Collagen fibers
Sternebra
- Fibrous cartilage
- Bone marrow cavity
- Trabecular bone
- Muscle
- Future Costal Cartilage
- Bone and Bone Marrow
Sternebra
- Fibrous cartilage
1a. Chondrocytes
*Note “beads-on-a-string” appearance - Bone marrow
- Trabecular bone
Sternebra
- Fibrous cartilage
- Chondrocyte
2a. Note “beads-on-a-string” appearance
- Zone of proliferation
- Zone of hypertrophy
- Zone of degradation
- Zone of 0ssification
- Osteoblasts
- Trabecular bone
- Osteocyte
- Bone marrow
- Bone marrow
- Osteoclast
- Howship’s lacunae
- Trabecular bone
- Osteocyte
- Bone marrow
- Osteoclast
- Howship’s lacunae
- Osteocyte
- Trabecular bone
Trachea and Esophagus
what are the two pink lines on the Left
perichondrium
why can’t you see fibers
so dense can’t tell them apart
elastic cartilage (can see fibers at edge)
pink lines?
elastic fibers
elastic cartilage
epiglottis
patches of elastic cartilage
epiglottis
patch of elastic cartilage
elastic fibers are red
found on inner border
fibrocartilage
sternebrae mouse
fibrous cartilage
“beads on a string”
zones?
zone of resting
zone of proliferation
zone of hypertrophy
zone of degradation
zone of ossification
what kind of bone
trabecular bone/spongy bone
bone marrow
hypertrophic cartilage core
osteocyte
sinusoid
osteoblast
osteoclast- eating bone is Howship’s Lacunea
multinucleated
what type of cartilage
hyaline
trachea
hyaline cartilage
ciliated, pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Trachea
Ciliated Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
2 layers of Perichondrium
trachea
Hyaline Cartilage
-lacuna- little home
-isogenous group
- perichondrium (2 layers on bottom)
epiglottis
elastic cartilage in groups on inner edge
filled with adipose tissue
intervertebral Disk of a horse
