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21 fall: histology > Lecture 12 glands > Flashcards

Lecture 12 glands Flashcards

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1
Q

two type of glands

A

exocrine
enodcrine

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2
Q

exocrine gland

A

release of secretory product via a system of ducts that open into the outside world

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3
Q

endocrine gland

A

release their secretory products( typically hormones) into the space between the glands and the surface, extracellular space, then enters the blood stream

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4
Q

development of glands

A

epithelium cells proliferate and grow down or deep

  • *exocrine -**cells remain contact with outside epithelial cells
  • *endocrine-** connection is lost
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5
Q

exocrine glands can be classified by

A

overal structure

type of secretion

mode of secretion

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6
Q

overall structure

A

multicellular

most cells

unicellular

goblet cells

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7
Q

what is the only example of unicellular glands

A

goblet glands

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8
Q

goblet glands

A

found in epithelium of mucous membranes

  • gut, stomach and trachea
  • secrete the glycoprotein mucin, which by the uptake of water is converted to a slimy substance, mucous
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9
Q

mucin is produced by ___ and when added with water forms ___

A

mucin

mucous

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10
Q

what is this

A

goblet cell

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11
Q

multicellular glands

A

intraepithelial glands

extraepithelial glands

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12
Q

intraepithelial glands

A

cluster of a few secretory cells within the surface epithelium

stomach secretory epithelial sheath

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13
Q

extraepithelial glands

A

multicellular glands that extends into underlying connective tissue

  • secretory portion embedded in the connective tissue underlying the epithelium
  • product is secreted onto the surface or through ducts
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14
Q

extraepithelial glands can be ___ or ___ structures

A

simple

compound

refers to the branching of the excretory ducts

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15
Q

secretory portion of glands have three morphology:

A

tubular

acinar (alveolar)

tubuloacinar

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16
Q

example of tubular extraepithelial glands

A

colon- intestinal glands

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17
Q

a gland can have a combo of shapes of their secretory cells. ___ is an example

A

pancreas

has tubular glands that produce Na+HCO3- (alkaline bicarbonate-neutralizes the acidic stomach content released into the duodenum)

has acinar glands (acini) that produce precursors of digestive enzymes

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18
Q

when a gland is branched __ part of the cell has multiple parts

A

the secretory

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19
Q

if a gland is simple then ___

A

there is one duct leading out can have branched or not branched secretory cells

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20
Q

if a gland is compound then ___

A

there are multiple ducts

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21
Q
A

simple tubular

intestinal glands

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22
Q
A

simple branched tubular

stomach gastric glands

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23
Q
A

compound tubular

duodenal glands of small intestine

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24
Q
A

simple alveolar

simple branched alveolar

sebaceous (oil) gland)

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25
compound alveolar mammary glands
26
compound tubuloalveolar salivary glands
27
Type of secretion
serous gland mucous gland mixed/seromucous glands
28
serous glands
parotid gland low viscosity, watery - nucleus round pushed to outside of cells - secretory vesicles are visible in the apical cytoplasm - glands containing serous acini
29
glands that contain serous acini are called \_\_\_
serous glands
30
parotid gland serous gland watery
31
Mucous glands
make mucin, high viscosity, slimy - secretory vesicles make foamy/ frothy/ empty appearance of cells - nucleus appear darker and are pressed against the basal membrane - mucous acini example: **sublingual gland**
32
mucous gland ## Footnote **sublingual gland**
33
glands that contain mucous acini are
mucous glands
34
example of a mixed gland
sublingual gland
35
mixed glands
have mucous and serous portions **-sublingual, submaxillary** -**serous deminlunes** **mucous tubules**
36
crescent shaped serous cells
**serous deminlunes** found in sublingual gland, submaxillary
37
what is this
submaxillary gland mixed serous (serous deminlunes) and mucous gland pink is duct work
38
parasympathetic nerves help with ___ of salivary glands
branching of secretory glands
39
modes of secretion
**Merocrine (eccrine)** **apocrine** **Holocrine** lipid soluble (diffuse directly-hormones) transporters (membrane proteins) actively move secretory products across the plasma membrane (parietal cells of gastric glands)
40
Merocrine (eccrine)
exocytosis gland makes vesicles filled with product moves to border of cell and releases product outside of cell
41
apocrine secretion
part of cell containing product is pinched off mammary glands
42
holocrine secretion
mature cell dies and whole dead cell is secreted
43
type of secretion that is essentially exocytosis through vesicles
eccrine (merocrine) secretion eccrine sweat glands (serous product)
44
type of secretion where part of cell is lost
apocrine secretion
45
type of secretion when whole cell is broken down and secreted
holocrine secretion
46
eccrine sweat gland
serous glands- makes watery product footpads of dogs and cats, nasolabial region of ruminants, everywhere is humans - empty directly onto the surface of the skin - layer of myoepithelial cells is found between the secretory cells of the epithelium and the basement membrane (work like small muscle, squeeze and help move product) - secretory tubules and initial part of the excretory duct are coiled into a ball deep into the dermis
47
myoepithelial cells
eccrine sweat glands layer of myoepithelial cells is found between the secretory cells of the epithelium and the basement membrane (work like small muscle, squeeze and help move product)
48
examples of merocrine/eccrine gland
eccrine sweat gland exocrine pancreas
49
apocrine secretion
part of the apical cytoplasm of the cell is lost together with the secretory product - continuity of the plasma membrane is restored by the fusion of the broken edges of the membrane - sole example of apocrine secretion is **mammary gland**
50
what is this and what type of secretion
mammary gland apocrine secretion
51
Holocrine secretion
breakdown and discharge of the entire secretory cell - cells become filled with lipids and move toward duct, cell degrades and contents are extruded example: sebaceous gland and meibomian gland of eyelids
52
examples of holocrine secretion
sebaceous gland meibomian gland of eyelids
53
what is this
sebaceous gland preforms holocrine secretion -simple branched alveoli structure
54
Sebaceous glands: basal cells in the outermost layer of the alveolus are ___ active stem cells that ___ the pool of cells as they are displaced toward the center of the alveolus, toward the hair follicle
mitotically replenish
55
what is this
sebaceous gland preforms **holocrine secretion** onto hair follicle -**simple branched alveoli** structure
56
compound glands secretory units and ducts are collectively called
**parenchyma** usually epithelial in nature
57
compound glands: supportive or connective tissue make up the \_\_\_
**stroma** usually mesenchyme in nature
58
compound gland entire gland is surrounded by a layer of dense connective tissue
collagen, elastic and reticular fibers ## Footnote **capsule**
59
connective tissue (\_\_\_) extend from the capsule into the secretory portion of the gland and subdivide it into ___ and then \_\_\_
septae lobes lobules
60
branching of ducts
Main int**er**lobar int**ra**lobar inter**lobu**lar intra**lobu**lar striated intercalated secretory acini
61
\_\_\_ conveys the products to the surface of the body
main excretory duct
62
the duct before it reaches the lobes but after it splits
interlobar ducts
63
duct inside the individual lobules of the gland
interlobular duct
64
branches of the interlobular duct that enters the individual lobules \_\_\_
intralobular ducts
65
terminal branches of the duct system, connect to intralobular ducts
intercalated ducts
66
why intralobular ducts
within the lobule of the submandibular gland
67
if duct is surrounded by connective tissue then it is
interlobular or interlobar
68
what is this
end of duct leading to musous acinus acini intercalated duct striated duct
69
what is this
myoepthelial cell - very flat nucleus on border of mucous acini - help with movement of product
70
what is this
intercalated duct acini-intercalated-striated- intralobular-interlobular-intralobar-interlobar-main
71
what is this
striated duct type of intralobular duct acini-intercalated-striated- intralobular-interlobular-intralobar-interlobar-main
72
submucosal glands have myoepithelial cells that can act as \_\_\_
reserve stem cells if surface epithelium gets injured protected because deep in skin, will travel out and make new epithelium, transient process, will eventually go back to their home

21 fall: histology (36 decks)

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