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21 fall: histology > Lecture 12 glands > Flashcards

Lecture 12 glands Flashcards

1
Q

two type of glands

A

exocrine
enodcrine

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2
Q

exocrine gland

A

release of secretory product via a system of ducts that open into the outside world

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3
Q

endocrine gland

A

release their secretory products( typically hormones) into the space between the glands and the surface, extracellular space, then enters the blood stream

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4
Q

development of glands

A

epithelium cells proliferate and grow down or deep

  • *exocrine -**cells remain contact with outside epithelial cells
  • *endocrine-** connection is lost
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5
Q

exocrine glands can be classified by

A

overal structure

type of secretion

mode of secretion

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6
Q

overall structure

A

multicellular

most cells

unicellular

goblet cells

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7
Q

what is the only example of unicellular glands

A

goblet glands

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8
Q

goblet glands

A

found in epithelium of mucous membranes

  • gut, stomach and trachea
  • secrete the glycoprotein mucin, which by the uptake of water is converted to a slimy substance, mucous
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9
Q

mucin is produced by ___ and when added with water forms ___

A

mucin

mucous

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10
Q

what is this

A

goblet cell

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11
Q

multicellular glands

A

intraepithelial glands

extraepithelial glands

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12
Q

intraepithelial glands

A

cluster of a few secretory cells within the surface epithelium

stomach secretory epithelial sheath

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13
Q

extraepithelial glands

A

multicellular glands that extends into underlying connective tissue

  • secretory portion embedded in the connective tissue underlying the epithelium
  • product is secreted onto the surface or through ducts
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14
Q

extraepithelial glands can be ___ or ___ structures

A

simple

compound

refers to the branching of the excretory ducts

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15
Q

secretory portion of glands have three morphology:

A

tubular

acinar (alveolar)

tubuloacinar

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16
Q

example of tubular extraepithelial glands

A

colon- intestinal glands

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17
Q

a gland can have a combo of shapes of their secretory cells. ___ is an example

A

pancreas

has tubular glands that produce Na+HCO3- (alkaline bicarbonate-neutralizes the acidic stomach content released into the duodenum)

has acinar glands (acini) that produce precursors of digestive enzymes

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18
Q

when a gland is branched __ part of the cell has multiple parts

A

the secretory

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19
Q

if a gland is simple then ___

A

there is one duct leading out can have branched or not branched secretory cells

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20
Q

if a gland is compound then ___

A

there are multiple ducts

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21
Q
A

simple tubular

intestinal glands

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22
Q
A

simple branched tubular

stomach gastric glands

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23
Q
A

compound tubular

duodenal glands of small intestine

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24
Q
A

simple alveolar

simple branched alveolar

sebaceous (oil) gland)

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25
Q
A

compound alveolar

mammary glands

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26
Q
A

compound tubuloalveolar

salivary glands

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27
Q

Type of secretion

A

serous gland

mucous gland

mixed/seromucous glands

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28
Q

serous glands

A

parotid gland

low viscosity, watery

  • nucleus round pushed to outside of cells
  • secretory vesicles are visible in the apical cytoplasm
  • glands containing serous acini
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29
Q

glands that contain serous acini are called ___

A

serous glands

30
Q
A

parotid gland

serous gland

watery

31
Q

Mucous glands

A

make mucin, high viscosity, slimy

  • secretory vesicles make foamy/ frothy/ empty appearance of cells
  • nucleus appear darker and are pressed against the basal membrane
  • mucous acini
    example: sublingual gland
32
Q
A

mucous gland

sublingual gland

33
Q

glands that contain mucous acini are

A

mucous glands

34
Q

example of a mixed gland

A

sublingual gland

35
Q

mixed glands

A

have mucous and serous portions

-sublingual, submaxillary

-serous deminlunes

mucous tubules

36
Q

crescent shaped serous cells

A

serous deminlunes

found in sublingual gland, submaxillary

37
Q

what is this

A

submaxillary gland

mixed serous (serous deminlunes) and mucous gland

pink is duct work

38
Q

parasympathetic nerves help with ___ of salivary glands

A

branching of secretory glands

39
Q

modes of secretion

A

Merocrine (eccrine)

apocrine

Holocrine

lipid soluble (diffuse directly-hormones)

transporters (membrane proteins) actively move secretory products across the plasma membrane (parietal cells of gastric glands)

40
Q

Merocrine (eccrine)

A

exocytosis

gland makes vesicles filled with product

moves to border of cell and releases product outside of cell

41
Q

apocrine secretion

A

part of cell containing product is pinched off

mammary glands

42
Q

holocrine secretion

A

mature cell dies and whole dead cell is secreted

43
Q

type of secretion that is essentially exocytosis through vesicles

A

eccrine (merocrine) secretion

eccrine sweat glands (serous product)

44
Q

type of secretion where part of cell is lost

A

apocrine secretion

45
Q

type of secretion when whole cell is broken down and secreted

A

holocrine secretion

46
Q

eccrine sweat gland

A

serous glands- makes watery product

footpads of dogs and cats, nasolabial region of ruminants, everywhere is humans

  • empty directly onto the surface of the skin
  • layer of myoepithelial cells is found between the secretory cells of the epithelium and the basement membrane (work like small muscle, squeeze and help move product)
  • secretory tubules and initial part of the excretory duct are coiled into a ball deep into the dermis
47
Q

myoepithelial cells

A

eccrine sweat glands

layer of myoepithelial cells is found between the secretory cells of the epithelium and the basement membrane (work like small muscle, squeeze and help move product)

48
Q

examples of merocrine/eccrine gland

A

eccrine sweat gland

exocrine pancreas

49
Q

apocrine secretion

A

part of the apical cytoplasm of the cell is lost together with the secretory product

  • continuity of the plasma membrane is restored by the fusion of the broken edges of the membrane
  • sole example of apocrine secretion is mammary gland
50
Q

what is this and what type of secretion

A

mammary gland

apocrine secretion

51
Q

Holocrine secretion

A

breakdown and discharge of the entire secretory cell

  • cells become filled with lipids and move toward duct, cell degrades and contents are extruded
    example: sebaceous gland and meibomian gland of eyelids
52
Q

examples of holocrine secretion

A

sebaceous gland

meibomian gland of eyelids

53
Q

what is this

A

sebaceous gland

preforms holocrine secretion

-simple branched alveoli structure

54
Q

Sebaceous glands:

basal cells in the outermost layer of the alveolus are ___ active stem cells that ___ the pool of cells as they are displaced toward the center of the alveolus, toward the hair follicle

A

mitotically

replenish

55
Q

what is this

A

sebaceous gland

preforms holocrine secretion onto hair follicle

-simple branched alveoli structure

56
Q

compound glands

secretory units and ducts are collectively called

A

parenchyma

usually epithelial in nature

57
Q

compound glands:

supportive or connective tissue make up the ___

A

stroma

usually mesenchyme in nature

58
Q

compound gland

entire gland is surrounded by a layer of dense connective tissue

A

collagen, elastic and reticular fibers

capsule

59
Q

connective tissue (___) extend from the capsule into the secretory portion of the gland and subdivide it into ___ and then ___

A

septae

lobes

lobules

60
Q

branching of ducts

A

Main

interlobar

intralobar

interlobular

intralobular

striated

intercalated

secretory acini

61
Q

___ conveys the products to the surface of the body

A

main excretory duct

62
Q

the duct before it reaches the lobes but after it splits

A

interlobar ducts

63
Q

duct inside the individual lobules of the gland

A

interlobular duct

64
Q

branches of the interlobular duct that enters the individual lobules ___

A

intralobular ducts

65
Q

terminal branches of the duct system, connect to intralobular ducts

A

intercalated ducts

66
Q

why intralobular ducts

A

within the lobule of the submandibular gland

67
Q

if duct is surrounded by connective tissue then it is

A

interlobular or interlobar

68
Q

what is this

A

end of duct leading to musous acinus

acini

intercalated duct

striated duct

69
Q

what is this

A

myoepthelial cell

  • very flat nucleus on border of mucous acini
  • help with movement of product
70
Q

what is this

A

intercalated duct

acini-intercalated-striated- intralobular-interlobular-intralobar-interlobar-main

71
Q

what is this

A

striated duct

type of intralobular duct

acini-intercalated-striated- intralobular-interlobular-intralobar-interlobar-main

72
Q

submucosal glands have myoepithelial cells that can act as ___

A

reserve stem cells if surface epithelium gets injured

protected because deep in skin, will travel out and make new epithelium, transient process, will eventually go back to their home

21 fall: histology (36 decks)

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