lecture 3 Flashcards
veins
transport of CO2 and metabolic waste from tissues
artery
transport of oxygen and nutrients to tissues
circulatory system
veins
arteries
regulate body temp and distribution of hormones and leukocytes
blood vascular system
lymph vascular system
place of interchange of gases and metabolites between tissues and blood
capillaries
layers of vessels
tunica intima
-endothelium supported by a basement membrane and collagenous tissue
Tunica Media
-muscular layer
(arteries have thicker layer)
Tunica Externa
- supporting tissue
tunica intima
inner most part of vessel
endothelium supported by a basement membrane and collagenous tissue
companion vessels
veins and arteries that travel together and supply similar places
large vein and medium sized vein
endothelium tunica intima tunica media (thick layer in large thinner later in medium) tunica externa
elastic artery
tunica intima -endothelium and internal elastic layer tunica media (thick layer) tunica externa
venules have how many layers
tunica externa
endothelium
arterioles have how many layers
tunica media
basal lamina
endothelium
capillaries have what layer?
tunica intima only
endothelial cells
basal lamina
___ permit change in vessel size in response to blood pressure change and allow artery to absorb the pressure
elastic
___ is the term that gives ability to change in size actively based on exercise and the beating of the heart
contractility
when arterial smooth muscle contracts
vasoconstriction
when arterial smooth muscle relaxes
vasodilation
what is this
aorta
large artery
what is this
small artery
wavy structure shows there is elastic= artery
low pressure collection system to return blood to heart
veins
Which is usually bigger, veins or arteries?
veins
veins have thinner walls than arteries because
blood pressure is lower in veins
___ stop the reversal of blood flow in the veins
one way valves
extremely thin walled vessels lacking the tunica media and form an interconnected network
capillaries
three types of capillaries
continuous
fenestrated
discontinuous(sinusoid)
blood flow in capillaries is ___ to allow ___
slow
diffusion or active transport
continuous capillaries
uninterrupted lining
most common
fenestrated capillaries
contains pores
kidney
discontinuous capillaries
lack of constant interface
lack parts of basement membrane
sinusoids- liver, spleen, lymph node and bone marrow
___ regulates the exchange of gases, fluids, nutrients and metabolic waste
microcirculation
capillaries
what are the two arrows
capillary longitudinal and cross section
pink: smooth muscle with purple nucleus
flat polygonal cells interconnected by junctional complexes
endothelial cells
endothelial cells act as a ___ barrier
permeability
endothelial cells synthesize ___ components for basement membrane maintenance
extracellular matrix
tunica intima
endothelial cells can synthesize and secrete products regulating blood ___, ___ and the balance between vasoconstriction and ____
coagulation
thrombosis
vasodilation
endothelial cells regulate acute and chronic inflammatory responses through the expression of ___ and ___
cell adhesion molecules
immune mediators
endothelial cell function is ___ dependent
compartment
depending on where endothelial cell is, the EC will do different things
two ways to bind cells together
tight junctions
adherens junction
glycocalyx
outer surface of endothelial surface layer (ESL)
heparan sulfate
hyaluronic acid
adherent plasma protein
proteoglycan
endothelial surface layer ___ acts as ____
ESL (glycocalyx)
acts as:
barrier function
inflammation
mechano-construction (shear stress and vasorelaxation)
blood brain barrier
allows some things in
___ involves a change in membrane permeability in response to appropriate stimuli and the plasma membrane becomes __ inducing action potential which then spreads along the plasm membrane
excitability of a neuron
depolarized
___ are specialized cells that support the function of neurons
glia
in the CNS the glia cell that produces myelin
oligodendrocytes
in the PNS, the cell that produces myelin
Schwann Cell
non myelinated nerves
small diameter axons are enveloped by the cytoplasm of schwann cells
myelinated nerves
large diameter fibers are wrapped by concentric layers of Schwann Cell plasma membrane forming a myelin sheath
what is this
myelinated nerve
really dark area is myelinated
nerve make up
epinerium
-surround nerve
perineurium
-fascicles (group of axons)
endoneurium
-around the myelin sheath of each nerve fiber
myelinated nerves are comprised of many ___, which are bundles of ___ that in turn are groups of axons
fascicles
funiculus
what is this
nerve
lower power
whole nerve( groups of fascicles) surrounded by epineurium
fascicles which are surrounded by perineurium
what is this
high power view of nerve
are seeing inside one fascicle to see all of the individual axons
axons purple inside
axons are surrounded by endoneurium
whole fascicle surrounded by perineurium
non myelinated nerves are enveloped by the ___ membranes apposing themselves and sealing the axon within the extracelullar compartment ___
Schwann Cell
mesaxon
Schwann Cells can have __ or more grooves containing one or more axons
20
what is this
non-myelinated nerves
what is this
unmyelinated nerve
___consists of the binding of blood vessels and nerves with connective tissues, this structural conformation favors their migration in tandem throughout the body
neurovascular bundle
why do nerves and vessels run together
so nerves always have a constant supply of oxygen and nutrients
