lecture 3

Question 1

veins

Answer 1

transport of CO2 and metabolic waste from tissues

Question 2

artery

Answer 2

transport of oxygen and nutrients to tissues

Question 3

circulatory system

Answer 3

veins
arteries

regulate body temp and distribution of hormones and leukocytes

blood vascular system
lymph vascular system

Question 4

place of interchange of gases and metabolites between tissues and blood

Answer 4

capillaries

Question 5

layers of vessels

Answer 5

tunica intima
-endothelium supported by a basement membrane and collagenous tissue

Tunica Media
-muscular layer
(arteries have thicker layer)

Tunica Externa
- supporting tissue

Question 6

tunica intima

Answer 6

inner most part of vessel

endothelium supported by a basement membrane and collagenous tissue

Question 7

companion vessels

Answer 7

veins and arteries that travel together and supply similar places

Question 8

large vein and medium sized vein

Answer 8

endothelium
tunica intima
tunica media (thick layer in large thinner later in medium)
tunica externa

Question 9

elastic artery

Answer 9

tunica intima 
-endothelium and internal elastic layer
tunica media (thick layer)
tunica externa

Question 10

venules have how many layers

Answer 10

tunica externa
endothelium

Question 11

arterioles have how many layers

Answer 11

tunica media
basal lamina
endothelium

Question 12

capillaries have what layer?

Answer 12

tunica intima only

endothelial cells
basal lamina

Question 13

___ permit change in vessel size in response to blood pressure change and allow artery to absorb the pressure

Answer 13

elastic

Question 14

___ is the term that gives ability to change in size actively based on exercise and the beating of the heart

Answer 14

contractility

Question 15

when arterial smooth muscle contracts

Answer 15

vasoconstriction

Question 16

when arterial smooth muscle relaxes

Answer 16

vasodilation

Question 17

what is this

Answer 17

aorta
large artery

Question 18

what is this

Answer 18

small artery
wavy structure shows there is elastic= artery

Question 19

low pressure collection system to return blood to heart

Answer 19

veins

Question 20

Which is usually bigger, veins or arteries?

Answer 20

veins

Question 21

veins have thinner walls than arteries because

Answer 21

blood pressure is lower in veins

Question 22

___ stop the reversal of blood flow in the veins

Answer 22

one way valves

Question 23

extremely thin walled vessels lacking the tunica media and form an interconnected network

Answer 23

capillaries

Question 24

three types of capillaries

Answer 24

continuous
fenestrated
discontinuous(sinusoid)

Question 25

blood flow in capillaries is ___ to allow \_\_\_

Answer 25

slow diffusion or active transport

Question 26

continuous capillaries

Answer 26

uninterrupted lining most common

Question 27

fenestrated capillaries

Answer 27

contains pores kidney

Question 28

discontinuous capillaries

Answer 28

lack of constant interface lack parts of basement membrane **sinusoids**- liver, spleen, lymph node and bone marrow

Question 29

\_\_\_ regulates the exchange of gases, fluids, nutrients and metabolic waste

Answer 29

microcirculation capillaries

Question 30

what are the two arrows

Answer 30

capillary longitudinal and cross section pink: smooth muscle with purple nucleus

Question 31

flat polygonal cells interconnected by junctional complexes

Answer 31

endothelial cells

Question 32

endothelial cells act as a ___ barrier

Answer 32

permeability

Question 33

endothelial cells synthesize ___ components for basement membrane maintenance

Answer 33

extracellular matrix tunica intima

Question 34

endothelial cells can synthesize and secrete products regulating blood \_\_\_, ___ and the balance between vasoconstriction and \_\_\_\_

Answer 34

coagulation thrombosis vasodilation

Question 35

endothelial cells regulate acute and chronic inflammatory responses through the expression of ___ and \_\_\_

Answer 35

cell adhesion molecules immune mediators

Question 36

endothelial cell function is ___ dependent

Answer 36

compartment depending on where endothelial cell is, the EC will do different things

Question 37

two ways to bind cells together

Answer 37

tight junctions adherens junction

Question 38

glycocalyx

Answer 38

outer surface of endothelial surface layer (ESL) heparan sulfate hyaluronic acid adherent plasma protein proteoglycan

Question 39

endothelial surface layer ___ acts as \_\_\_\_

Answer 39

ESL (glycocalyx) acts as: barrier function inflammation mechano-construction (shear stress and vasorelaxation)

Question 40

blood brain barrier

Answer 40

allows some things in

Question 41

\_\_\_ involves a change in membrane permeability in response to appropriate stimuli and the plasma membrane becomes __ inducing action potential which then spreads along the plasm membrane

Answer 41

excitability of a neuron depolarized

Question 42

\_\_\_ are specialized cells that support the function of neurons

Answer 42

glia

Question 43

in the CNS the glia cell that produces myelin

Answer 43

oligodendrocytes

Question 44

in the PNS, the cell that produces myelin

Answer 44

Schwann Cell

Question 45

non myelinated nerves

Answer 45

small diameter axons are enveloped by the cytoplasm of schwann cells

Question 46

myelinated nerves

Answer 46

large diameter fibers are wrapped by concentric layers of Schwann Cell plasma membrane forming a myelin sheath

Question 47

what is this

Answer 47

myelinated nerve really dark area is myelinated

Question 48

nerve make up

Answer 48

epinerium -surround nerve perineurium -fascicles (group of axons) endoneurium -around the myelin sheath of each nerve fiber

Question 49

myelinated nerves are comprised of many \_\_\_, which are bundles of ___ that in turn are groups of axons

Answer 49

fascicles funiculus

Question 50

what is this

Answer 50

nerve lower power whole nerve( groups of fascicles) surrounded by epineurium fascicles which are surrounded by perineurium

Question 51

what is this

Answer 51

high power view of nerve are seeing inside one fascicle to see all of the individual axons axons purple inside axons are surrounded by endoneurium whole fascicle surrounded by perineurium

Question 52

non myelinated nerves are enveloped by the ___ membranes apposing themselves and sealing the axon within the extracelullar compartment \_\_\_

Answer 52

Schwann Cell mesaxon

Question 53

Schwann Cells can have __ or more grooves containing one or more axons

Answer 53

20

Question 54

what is this

Answer 54

non-myelinated nerves

Question 55

what is this

Answer 55

unmyelinated nerve

Question 56

\_\_\_consists of the binding of blood vessels and nerves with connective tissues, this structural conformation favors their migration in tandem throughout the body

Answer 56

neurovascular bundle

Question 57

why do nerves and vessels run together

Answer 57

so nerves always have a constant supply of oxygen and nutrients