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21 fall: histology > lecture 3 > Flashcards

lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

veins

A

transport of CO2 and metabolic waste from tissues

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2
Q

artery

A

transport of oxygen and nutrients to tissues

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3
Q

circulatory system

A

veins
arteries

regulate body temp and distribution of hormones and leukocytes

blood vascular system
lymph vascular system

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4
Q

place of interchange of gases and metabolites between tissues and blood

A

capillaries

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5
Q

layers of vessels

A

tunica intima
-endothelium supported by a basement membrane and collagenous tissue

Tunica Media
-muscular layer
(arteries have thicker layer)

Tunica Externa
- supporting tissue

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6
Q

tunica intima

A

inner most part of vessel

endothelium supported by a basement membrane and collagenous tissue

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7
Q

companion vessels

A

veins and arteries that travel together and supply similar places

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8
Q

large vein and medium sized vein

A 
endothelium
tunica intima
tunica media (thick layer in large thinner later in medium)
tunica externa
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9
Q

elastic artery

A 
tunica intima 
-endothelium and internal elastic layer
tunica media (thick layer)
tunica externa
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10
Q

venules have how many layers

A

tunica externa
endothelium

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11
Q

arterioles have how many layers

A

tunica media
basal lamina
endothelium

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12
Q

capillaries have what layer?

A

tunica intima only

endothelial cells
basal lamina

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13
Q

___ permit change in vessel size in response to blood pressure change and allow artery to absorb the pressure

A

elastic

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14
Q

___ is the term that gives ability to change in size actively based on exercise and the beating of the heart

A

contractility

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15
Q

when arterial smooth muscle contracts

A

vasoconstriction

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16
Q

when arterial smooth muscle relaxes

A

vasodilation

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17
Q

what is this

A

aorta
large artery

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18
Q

what is this

A

small artery
wavy structure shows there is elastic= artery

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19
Q

low pressure collection system to return blood to heart

A

veins

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20
Q

Which is usually bigger, veins or arteries?

A

veins

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21
Q

veins have thinner walls than arteries because

A

blood pressure is lower in veins

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22
Q

___ stop the reversal of blood flow in the veins

A

one way valves

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23
Q

extremely thin walled vessels lacking the tunica media and form an interconnected network

A

capillaries

24
Q

three types of capillaries

A

continuous
fenestrated
discontinuous(sinusoid)

25
Q

blood flow in capillaries is ___ to allow ___

A

slow
diffusion or active transport

26
Q

continuous capillaries

A

uninterrupted lining
most common

27
Q

fenestrated capillaries

A

contains pores
kidney

28
Q

discontinuous capillaries

A

lack of constant interface
lack parts of basement membrane

sinusoids- liver, spleen, lymph node and bone marrow

29
Q

___ regulates the exchange of gases, fluids, nutrients and metabolic waste

A

microcirculation

capillaries

30
Q

what are the two arrows

A

capillary longitudinal and cross section

pink: smooth muscle with purple nucleus

31
Q

flat polygonal cells interconnected by junctional complexes

A

endothelial cells

32
Q

endothelial cells act as a ___ barrier

A

permeability

33
Q

endothelial cells synthesize ___ components for basement membrane maintenance

A

extracellular matrix

tunica intima

34
Q

endothelial cells can synthesize and secrete products regulating blood ___, ___ and the balance between vasoconstriction and ____

A

coagulation

thrombosis

vasodilation

35
Q

endothelial cells regulate acute and chronic inflammatory responses through the expression of ___ and ___

A

cell adhesion molecules

immune mediators

36
Q

endothelial cell function is ___ dependent

A

compartment

depending on where endothelial cell is, the EC will do different things

37
Q

two ways to bind cells together

A

tight junctions

adherens junction

38
Q

glycocalyx

A

outer surface of endothelial surface layer (ESL)

heparan sulfate

hyaluronic acid

adherent plasma protein

proteoglycan

39
Q

endothelial surface layer ___ acts as ____

A

ESL (glycocalyx)

acts as:

barrier function

inflammation

mechano-construction (shear stress and vasorelaxation)

40
Q

blood brain barrier

A

allows some things in

41
Q

___ involves a change in membrane permeability in response to appropriate stimuli and the plasma membrane becomes __ inducing action potential which then spreads along the plasm membrane

A

excitability of a neuron

depolarized

42
Q

___ are specialized cells that support the function of neurons

A

glia

43
Q

in the CNS the glia cell that produces myelin

A

oligodendrocytes

44
Q

in the PNS, the cell that produces myelin

A

Schwann Cell

45
Q

non myelinated nerves

A

small diameter axons are enveloped by the cytoplasm of schwann cells

46
Q

myelinated nerves

A

large diameter fibers are wrapped by concentric layers of Schwann Cell plasma membrane forming a myelin sheath

47
Q

what is this

A

myelinated nerve

really dark area is myelinated

48
Q

nerve make up

A

epinerium

-surround nerve

perineurium

-fascicles (group of axons)

endoneurium

-around the myelin sheath of each nerve fiber

49
Q

myelinated nerves are comprised of many ___, which are bundles of ___ that in turn are groups of axons

A

fascicles

funiculus

50
Q

what is this

A

nerve

lower power

whole nerve( groups of fascicles) surrounded by epineurium

fascicles which are surrounded by perineurium

51
Q

what is this

A

high power view of nerve

are seeing inside one fascicle to see all of the individual axons

axons purple inside

axons are surrounded by endoneurium

whole fascicle surrounded by perineurium

52
Q

non myelinated nerves are enveloped by the ___ membranes apposing themselves and sealing the axon within the extracelullar compartment ___

A

Schwann Cell

mesaxon

53
Q

Schwann Cells can have __ or more grooves containing one or more axons

A

20

54
Q

what is this

A

non-myelinated nerves

55
Q

what is this

A

unmyelinated nerve

56
Q

___consists of the binding of blood vessels and nerves with connective tissues, this structural conformation favors their migration in tandem throughout the body

A

neurovascular bundle

57
Q

why do nerves and vessels run together

A

so nerves always have a constant supply of oxygen and nutrients

21 fall: histology (36 decks)

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