Test 2: Lab 16: digestive stomach

Question 1

Answer 1

Question 2

Answer 2

inside portion of the lip- not a lot of keratin

Question 2

Answer 2

inside portion of the lip- not a lot of keratin

Question 3

Answer 3

outside layer of the lip
karatinized
look at hair follicle and sinus hair

Question 4

Answer 4

found on top of tongue
for grooming, do not have tastebuds

Question 5

Answer 5

fungiform (mushroom shape) taste buds on lateral surfaces

Question 6

Answer 6

taste bud from fungiform
3 cells present, sensory, support and basal/stem cell
(hard to see differences)

Question 7

Answer 7

rabbit
foliate (folded rectangle)
lateral border of the tongue closest to mollars
top is stratified squamous and keratinized
taste buds on lateral border

Question 8

Answer 8

taste buds from foliate (rectangle shaped)

Question 9

Answer 9

single row pointed arrow toward the throat
very big, less of these then the other types of taste buds

Question 10

Answer 10

this is the deeper layer of the tongue
longitudinal and cross sectioned skeletal muscle
can see capillary and nerves

Question 11

Answer 11

there are 3 sets of 2 salivary glands there is also

patches of salivary (serous) glands throughout the mouth connective tissue in between

Question 12

Answer 12

mucous glands, tongue, horse

there are random patches of mucous glands throughout the mouth as well

Question 13

Answer 13

avian

non keratinized stratified squamous on top
keratinized stratified squamous
most muscle will be in the back of the tongue

bone in birds tongue to help stick out their tongue

Question 14

Answer 14

keratinized stratified squamous layer on bottom of the tongue

hyaline cartilage of the bone of the tongue

Question 15

Answer 15

close to entrance to the esophagus

Question 16

Answer 16

serous and mixed glands can be found in the muscular layer

Question 17

breakdown of layers in the digestive tract

Answer 17

mucosa:
epithelium- stratified squamous or similar columnar
lamina propria- areolar connective tissue
muscularis mucosa- thin layer of smooth

submucosa- dense irregular connective tissue- support things live here (arteries, veins, nerves, lymphatics)

muscularis externa- 2 layer- inner circular, outer longitudinal

outer layer: adventitia- if part of the tube, sits next to another tissue and share the last layer( example esophagus and trachea) or serosa- if outermost is a flat layer/row of cells (example small intestine)

Question 18

in digestive tract the layers are mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa and then adventitia or serosa. what are the differences between the last layer

Answer 18

adventitia- if part of the tube, sits next to another tissue and share the last layer( example esophagus and trachea)

serosa- if outermost is a flat layer/row of cells (example small intestine)

Question 19

Answer 19

epithelium: non- keratinized squamous (more keratinized if plant eating animal

submucosa: has tubular acinar mucous glands

muscularis externa: two layers (skeletal muscle) (closer to the stomach can have some smooth muscle)

Question 20

Answer 20

high power mucosa and submucosa

mucosa: stratified squamous, lamina propria, muscularis mucosa (little bundles)

submucosa: lots of mucous glands

Question 21

Answer 21

esophagus, dog

enteric nervous system

plexus can be found two places: in the dense irregular connective tissue (submucosa) and between the two layers of muscularis externa

Question 22

Answer 22

chicken

same layers: mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa and adventia

lamina propria and muscularis mucosa are much broader in a chicken then in a mammal → glands live in the lamina propria instead of the submucosa

Question 23

difference between chicken and mammal esophagus

Answer 23

lamina propria and muscularis mucosa are much broader in a chicken then in a mammal → glands live in the lamina propria instead of the submucosa

Question 24

Answer 24

high power of the mucosa layer of a chicken stratified squamous epithelium lamina propria→ with glands and lymphatic nodules (no lymph nodes in birds) muscularis externa→ thicker

Question 25

Answer 25

can't see lumen of the esophagus lamina propria- with mucous gland muscularis mucosa → thick in chickens submucosa→ thinner in chickens muscularis externa

Question 26

Answer 26

storage area less tube like, more bag like same layers mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa (the lamina propria does not have mucous glands like the lamina propria of the esophagus did)

Question 27

Answer 27

**mucosa:** stratified squamous, lamina propria (no mucous glands) muscularis mucosa **submucosa**- thin **muscularis externa**

Question 28

Answer 28

Question 29

hbjh

Question 30

Answer 30

Question 31

Answer 31

Question 32

Answer 32

Question 33

Answer 33

Question 34

Answer 34

Question 35

Answer 35

Question 36

Answer 36

Question 37

Answer 37

Question 38

Answer 38

Question 39

Answer 39

Question 40

Answer 40

Question 41

Answer 41

Question 42

Answer 42

Question 43

Answer 43

Question 44

Answer 44

Question 45

two layers of the dog lip

Answer 45

cutaneous (hairs) oral mucosa (inner part)

Question 46

skeletal muscle in the tongue is called

Answer 46

orbicularis oris

Question 47

of the **_tip of a cat’s tongue_**, which shows numerous \_\_\_**papillae** with **keratinized \_\_\_** and an occasional \_\_\_**(mushroom-like) papillae** on the dorsal surface

Answer 47

**filiform** **spines** **fungiform**

Question 48

The ventral surface of a cat tongue is covered by a ___ **epithelium**

Answer 48

**nonkeratinized, stratified squamous**

Question 49

three types of cells in a taste bud

Answer 49

sensory, supporting and stem

Question 50

epithelium of a avian tongue

Answer 50

complete outer layer of **stratified squamous epithelium** which is thicker and **nonkeratinized** on most of the **dorsal surface** and **thinner and keratinized on the ventral surface**

Question 51

The bone in the bird tongue is an extension from the

Answer 51

hyoid apparatus

Question 52

avian pharynx

Answer 52

Skeletal muscle of the **hyoid apparatus** may be present on this section indicating that it was taken from the ventral portion of the pharynx.

Question 53

**avian salivary glands** are found throughout the oropharynx, the posterior tongue and in the esophagus. They are aggregates of many compound tubular glands of the mucous type. They usually empty into a common duct to the outside. Some single glands may empty their secretions by a separate duct. The common ducts have a \_\_\_epithelium. There are no serous or mixed glands in the chicken.

Answer 53

low columnar

Question 54

the dog esopagus has branched ____ **mucous** (the predominant type) or **mixed glands** that form a continuous stratum in the \_\_\_

Answer 54

**tubuleacinar** **submucosa**.

Question 55

The ____ is made up of longitudinal bundles of smooth muscle, which, in the dog, becomes a continuous sheet of muscle in the vicinity of the stomach.

Answer 55

**muscularis mucosae**

Question 56

The ___ consists of two layers of skeletal muscle,**inner circular** and **outer longitudinal**, with some smooth muscle near the caudal end.

Answer 56

**muscularis externa**

Question 57

In some species, e.g., the horse, pig, and cat, the entire caudal 1/3 to 1/2 of the muscularis externa is composed of \_\_\_muscle.

Answer 57

smooth

Question 58

In the dog and cow, the muscularis externa remains predominantly\_\_\_ the entire length of the esophagus.

Answer 58

striated

Question 59

The\_\_\_ functions as a storage area, primarily in herbivorous species. It enables birds to eat and store a large amount of food quickly and then digest it later in a more sheltered environment

Answer 59

crop

Question 60

In birds there are ___ **nodules** frequently found in association with the mucous salivary glands.

Answer 60

**lymphatic** **(no lymph nodes in birds**

Question 61

mucous salivary glands are present in the region where the crop joins the esophagus but are ___ from the rest of the crop

Answer 61

absent

Question 62

During the reproductive season, the crop epithelium in the Columbiformes (pigeons and doves) rapidly proliferates and desquamates fat-laden cells. This epithelial product, known as \_\_\_, is fed along with food particles to the nestlings.

Answer 62

crop- or pigeon-milk,

Question 63

Greater flamingos and emperor penguins also produce a nutritive fluid and are the few examples of birds producing a substance similar to mammalian ___ to feed their young.

Answer 63

milk

Question 64

Answer 64

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Question 66

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Question 67

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Question 69

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Question 70

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Question 71

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Question 72

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Question 73

Answer 73