lab 11 exocrine Flashcards by jillian Bastidas

synthesized products of glands:

Saliva, mucus, enzymes and hormones

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example of while cells produced by glands

spermatozoa

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example of disintegrated cells produced by glands

sebum

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Multicellular glands that retain communication with an epithelial surface by an excretory duct are designated ___

exocrine glands

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Glands which have lost communication with an epithelial surface and which secrete directly into the surrounding interstitial tissue are called

endocrine (ductless) glands

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Some glands have both exocrine and endocrine capabilities, example ___

pancreas and liver

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the secretory unit can be three shapes

tubular
acinar/alveolar
or tubule-acinar

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if there is more then one duct a gland is ___

compound

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explain ducts of branched, simple glands

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three ways to secrete

merocrine (eccrine)
Apocrine
holocrine

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Here secretory vesicles (small, membrane bound spherical sacs containing secretory product) attach directly to the plasma membrane and discharge their contents to the exterior.

merocrine(eccrine)

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the secretory product, a small amount of surrounding cytoplasm and a bit of plasma membrane, is pinched off from the surface of the secretory cell.

apocrine

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the entire secretory cell becomes the product.

holocrine

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example of holocrine

Sebaceous glands

The testes and ovary produce and release cells and, therefore, may also be designated holocrine glands.

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types of material produced by glands

serous
mucous
mixed

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produce a thin, watery secretion

serous glands

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Morphologically, they are wedge-shaped and possess a round nucleus. They may be the exclusive cell type found in a tubular, alveolar, or tubule-alveolar secretory unit.

serous cells

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frequently are pear-shaped, but may be wedge-shaped sometimes. Their cytoplasm appears “frothy” and their nucleus often lies flat against the basal end of the cell. They, too, may be organized into tubular, acinar, or tubule-acinar secretory units.

mucous cells

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a unicellular gland

goblet cell

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goblet cell

The vesicles are filled with mucigen, a glycoprotein which forms mucin upon taking up water.

???

he mucus produced upon release of the mucigen is a clear viscous substance consisting of mucin, various salts, epithelial cells and leukocytes.

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In the digestive tract, mucous produced by goblet cells serves as a ___-; whereas in the respiratory tract it serves to trap dust particles.

lubricant

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simple, coiled tubular glands

sweat glands

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merocrine sweat glands are found ___

found also in the foot pad of the cat and dog and the carpus of pigs

almost everywhere on human

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___ sweat glands also occur in the pubic, perianal, and axillary regions, and in addition to producing sweat in these regions, they also produce an ___ which is amplified by bacteria that use the sweat as a nutrient source.

apocrine

odor

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apocrine sweat glands are also known as ___.

scent glands

apocrine sweat glands are actually ___

eccrine

compound, tubule-acinar glands which lie outside of the mouth cavity.

salivary glands

___ surround the secretory units of salivary glands and help move product.

Myoepithelial cells

parotid gland show numerous lobules separated by connective tissue septa. The interlobular ducts have a ___ columnar or cuboidal epithelium

bistratified

Striated ducts, (the larger of the intralobular ducts) are lined by a ____

simple columnar epithelium. The fine striations, located between the nucleus and basement membrane, are formed from deep infoldings of the basal plasma membrane and from mitochondria

the product from the acinus drains first into an ___ duct, lined by a simple cuboidal epithelium. Intercalated ducts drain into ___ ducts, which are lined by simple columnar cells. Striated ducts drain into ____ which have bistratified columnar or cuboidal epithelium.

intercalated striated interlobular ducts

serous cell

wedge-shaped and are arranged around the tiny lumen of each tubule-acinar unit. The cytoplasm of the basal end of the cell is basophilic while that of the apical end is acidophilic and filled with secretory granules. The nucleus is round and is located in the basal half of the cell.

example of serous gland

parotid

Although the secretory units of the parotid gland usually consist exclusively of serous cells, mucous cells occur in some animals, e.g., ____

carnivores and lambs.

Example of mixed gland, composed of both serous and mucous cells.

submaxillary composed of both serous and mucous cells. The submandibular is also a mixed gland in the dog, ruminants and man but is a serous gland in rodents.

sublingual gland

mixed gland in small carnivores, horses, and people but in pigs, cows, and sheep it is almost entirely a mucous gland.

crescent-shaped caps of serous cells)

Serous demilunes

myoepithelial cells.

between the basement membrane and the basal end of the secretory cells of salivary glands (also sweat and mammary glands) contractile cells squeeze their arms around the cells and move product

the entire cell disintegrates to secrete its substance is ___ gland. example ___

holocrine | sebaceous

holocrine can empty onto ___

usually empty into the upper portion of a hair follicle but in places such as the lip, clitoris, and glans of the penis, which are absent of hair, they open directly onto the epithelial surface

how do holocrine glands work?

Within the gland, mitotically active stem cells lie along the outer edge of each alveolus. These cells give rise to cells that move into the interior of the alveolus where they synthesize a lipid secretory product. These secretion-laden cells eventually die, disintegrate, and are liberated into the excretory duct as an oily secretion known as sebum.

sebaceous glands produce an oily secretion called ___

sebum

In humans, sebaceous glands are found everywhere except the ___

palms of the hand and soles of the feet.

The sheep’s ____ is a cutaneous gland located just in front of the eye and serves as a territorial marker. The skin of this region contains large sebaceous glands, portions of which will be clearly evident throughout the section.

infraorbital pouch