lab 11 exocrine Flashcards
synthesized products of glands:
Saliva, mucus, enzymes and hormones
example of while cells produced by glands
spermatozoa
example of disintegrated cells produced by glands
sebum
Multicellular glands that retain communication with an epithelial surface by an excretory duct are designated ___
exocrine glands
Glands which have lost communication with an epithelial surface and which secrete directly into the surrounding interstitial tissue are called
endocrine (ductless) glands
Some glands have both exocrine and endocrine capabilities, example ___
pancreas and liver
the secretory unit can be three shapes
tubular
acinar/alveolar
or tubule-acinar
if there is more then one duct a gland is ___
compound
explain ducts of branched, simple glands
three ways to secrete
merocrine (eccrine)
Apocrine
holocrine
Here secretory vesicles (small, membrane bound spherical sacs containing secretory product) attach directly to the plasma membrane and discharge their contents to the exterior.
merocrine(eccrine)
the secretory product, a small amount of surrounding cytoplasm and a bit of plasma membrane, is pinched off from the surface of the secretory cell.
apocrine
the entire secretory cell becomes the product.
holocrine
example of holocrine
Sebaceous glands
The testes and ovary produce and release cells and, therefore, may also be designated holocrine glands.
types of material produced by glands
serous
mucous
mixed
produce a thin, watery secretion
serous glands
Morphologically, they are wedge-shaped and possess a round nucleus. They may be the exclusive cell type found in a tubular, alveolar, or tubule-alveolar secretory unit.
serous cells
frequently are pear-shaped, but may be wedge-shaped sometimes. Their cytoplasm appears “frothy” and their nucleus often lies flat against the basal end of the cell. They, too, may be organized into tubular, acinar, or tubule-acinar secretory units.
mucous cells
a unicellular gland
goblet cell
goblet cell
The vesicles are filled with mucigen, a glycoprotein which forms mucin upon taking up water.
???
he mucus produced upon release of the mucigen is a clear viscous substance consisting of mucin, various salts, epithelial cells and leukocytes.
In the digestive tract, mucous produced by goblet cells serves as a ___-; whereas in the respiratory tract it serves to trap dust particles.
lubricant
simple, coiled tubular glands
sweat glands
merocrine sweat glands are found ___
found also in the foot pad of the cat and dog and the carpus of pigs
almost everywhere on human
___ sweat glands also occur in the pubic, perianal, and axillary regions, and in addition to producing sweat in these regions, they also produce an ___ which is amplified by bacteria that use the sweat as a nutrient source.
apocrine
odor
apocrine sweat glands are also known as ___.
scent glands
apocrine sweat glands are actually ___
eccrine
compound, tubule-acinar glands which lie outside of the mouth cavity.
salivary glands
___ surround the secretory units of salivary glands and help move product.
Myoepithelial cells
parotid gland show numerous lobules separated by connective tissue septa.
The interlobular ducts have a ___ columnar or cuboidal epithelium
bistratified
Striated ducts, (the larger of the intralobular ducts) are lined by a ____
simple columnar epithelium.
The fine striations, located between the nucleus and basement membrane, are formed from deep infoldings of the basal plasma membrane and from mitochondria
the product from the acinus drains first into an ___ duct, lined by a simple cuboidal epithelium. Intercalated ducts drain into ___ ducts, which are lined by simple columnar cells. Striated ducts drain into ____ which have bistratified columnar or cuboidal epithelium.
intercalated
striated
interlobular ducts
serous cell
wedge-shaped and are arranged around the tiny lumen of each tubule-acinar unit. The cytoplasm of the basal end of the cell is basophilic while that of the apical end is acidophilic and filled with secretory granules. The nucleus is round and is located in the basal half of the cell.
example of serous gland
parotid
Although the secretory units of the parotid gland usually consist exclusively of serous cells, mucous cells occur in some animals, e.g., ____
carnivores and lambs.
Example of mixed gland, composed of both serous and mucous cells.
submaxillary
composed of both serous and mucous cells.
The submandibular is also a mixed gland in the dog, ruminants and man but is a serous gland in rodents.
sublingual gland
mixed gland in small carnivores, horses, and people
but in pigs, cows, and sheep it is almost entirely a mucous gland.
crescent-shaped caps of serous cells)
Serous demilunes
myoepithelial cells.
between the basement membrane and the basal end of the secretory cells of salivary glands (also sweat and mammary glands)
contractile cells
squeeze their arms around the cells and move product
the entire cell disintegrates to secrete its substance is ___ gland.
example ___
holocrine
sebaceous
holocrine can empty onto ___
usually empty into the upper portion of a hair follicle
but in places such as the lip, clitoris, and glans of the penis, which are absent of hair, they open directly onto the epithelial surface
how do holocrine glands work?
Within the gland, mitotically active stem cells lie along the outer edge of each alveolus. These cells give rise to cells that move into the interior of the alveolus where they synthesize a lipid secretory product. These secretion-laden cells eventually die, disintegrate, and are liberated into the excretory duct as an oily secretion known as sebum.
sebaceous glands produce an oily secretion called ___
sebum
In humans, sebaceous glands are found everywhere except the ___
palms of the hand and soles of the feet.
The sheep’s ____ is a cutaneous gland located just in front of the eye and serves as a territorial marker. The skin of this region contains large sebaceous glands, portions of which will be clearly evident throughout the section.
infraorbital pouch
- Goblet cells
- Jejunum epithelium
- Lamina propria
equine skin
- Sweat glands
- Sebaceous glands
- Hair
Equine Skin
- Sweat glands
- Hair
Canine Lip
- Sweat glands
- Sebaceous glands
- Hair follicle
Canine Lip
- Sweat glands
- Sebaceous glands
- Hair follicle
Parotid Gland
- Lobule
- Intralobular ducts (striated ducts)
- Interlobular duct
- Interlobular connective tissue
Parotid Gland
- Interlobular duct
- Bistratified cuboidal epithelium of duct
- Small artery
- Unmyelinated nerve
Parotid Gland
- Intralobular duct (striated duct)
- Intralobular Intercalated duct with cuboidal epithelium
- Serous acinus
Parotid Gland
- Intralobular duct (striated duct)
- Intralobular Intercalated duct with cuboidal epithelium
- Serous acinus
Submaxillary Gland
- Lobule
- Intralobular ducts (striated ducts)
- Interlobular duct
- Interlobular connective tissue
Submaxillary Gland
- Intralobular ducts (striated ducts)
- Mucous acinus
- Serous demilune
Submaxillary Gland
- Intralobular ducts (striated ducts)
- Mucous acinus
- Serous demilune
sublingual gland
- Interlobular duct
- Lobule containing secretory acini
Sublingual
- Intralobular duct (striated duct)
- Mucous acinus
- Serous demilune
Equine Skin
- Sebaceous glands
- Sweat glands
- Hair
Equine skin
- Sebaceous glands
- Note gland empties in follicle
- Empty hair follicle
infraorbital pouch
- Epidermis
- Dermis
- Subcutis
- Sebaceous glands
infraorbital pouch
- Sebaceous glands
goblet cell
Simple Columnar Epithelium with Microvilli
label
sabeceous gland
big circle: interlobular duct
little: intralobular duct
parotid gland of horse
intercalated duct
white cells?
goblet cells
what type of gland
sweat gland
myoepithelial cell
sublingual gland
duct?
parotid gland of horse (salivary gland)
