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21 fall: histology > lecture 1 > Flashcards

lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

tends to line and cover and form glands, cellular and avascular

A

epithelium

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2
Q

is characterized by its matrix, tends to be supportive, most common cell type- mesenchyme

A

connective tissue

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3
Q

contracts, causing movement and comes in three types: skeletal, cardiac and smooth, vascular

A

muscle

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4
Q

generates and conducts electrical impulses and is composed of two cell types: neurons and glial cells

A

nervous tissue

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5
Q

4 tissue types

A

epithelium
connective tissue
muscle
nervous tissue

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6
Q

general features of lining epithelia

A

continusous sheets
servers as barrier
avascular
rests on a basement membrane
most are mitotically active

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7
Q

three types of epithelia

A

lining
glands
special (endothelium lining of blood vessel)

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8
Q

some functions of epithelial

A
  • mechanical protection
  • protection against dehydration
  • selective absorption (only want good stuff)
  • secretion and lubrication
  • digestion
  • transport
  • excretion
  • reproduction
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9
Q

lining/ surface epithelia can be classified

A

number of cell layers

  • simple
  • stratified
  • pseudostratified

Height and shape

  • squamous
  • cuboidal
  • columnar
  • transitional
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10
Q

simple squamous epithelia

A
  • single layer of flattened cells
  • function: exchange: sites of fluid, metabolite or gas exchange
  • Alveoli of lungs, Bowman’s capsule
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11
Q

what is this and what type of epithelia do you see

A

bowman’s capsule

simple squamous epithelium

bulging nucleus, thin cell, little cytoplasm

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12
Q

simple cuboidal epithelium

A

collecting ducts of nephrons and some glands

lining, secretion and absorption

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13
Q

what kind of epithelium?

A

simple cubodial epithelium

thyroid gland

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14
Q

Simple columnar epithelium

A

taller then wide, oval nucleus

  • small intestine, gallbladder and some glands
  • lining, secretory (mucus in the cervix), absorptive (let some things in and keep other things out)
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15
Q

what kind of epithelium do you see?

A

simple columnar epithelium

gallbladder

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16
Q

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

nucleus looks layered all squished together

  • trachea, epididymis fallopian tubes
  • lining, secretory, absorptive and movement
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17
Q

what kind of epithelium

A

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

trachea

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18
Q

Stratified squamous epithelium

A

keratinized

-found on most exposed surfaces of the body, skin

non keratinized

  • found in moist surfaces subject to wear and tear, esophagus
  • protection
19
Q

what type of epithelium

A

stratified squamous epithelium

keratinized

from nose of cow

20
Q

what type of epithelium

A

stratified squamous epithelium

from esophagus

non-keratinized

21
Q

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

A

free surface of cells are cuboidal

rare, some glands

usually two layers

mammary gland

teat sinus

22
Q

stratified columnar epithelium

A

free surface cells are columnar

rare, found in some large ducts

23
Q

Transitional epithelium

A

stratified epithelium

nucleus round

  • surface cells are dome- shaped
  • found in ureter, urinary bladder
  • function: stretch to accommodate urine and prevent the loss of fluid to the urine
24
Q

what type of epithelium

A

stratified transitional

nucleus round

urinary bladder

dome-shapped, can stretch

25
Q

tight junction

A

zonula occludens

brain and small intestine- don’t want stuff getting in

26
Q

incomplete junctions

A

fascia occludens

capillary beds, want stuff to be able to “leak out”

27
Q

intermediate junctions

A

zonula adherens

prevent cell seperation

28
Q

desmosomes

A

macula adherens (spot welds)

-tight connections- prevent skin from tearing apart (stratified squamous epithelia

heart cells

29
Q

communicating junctions

A

gap junctions

allow passage of ions and electrical signals between cells

30
Q

Microvilli

A

microscopic cytoplasmic extensions for absorption and secretion

found in intestine and kidneys

fingerlike projections of the cell’s plasma membrane and cytoplasm supported by a core of actin filaments

stereocilla is a very long microvilli- epididymis has stereocilla

31
Q

stereocillia are a type of ___

A

microvilli

used for absorption and secretions

epididymis has stereocillia

32
Q

Cilia

A

motile

9+2 microtubule arrangment

Flagella are similar to cilia

Trachea and fallopian tubes have cilia

Sperm have flagella

33
Q

sperm have ___which is a type of ___

A

flagella

cilia

used for movement

34
Q

trachea and fallopian tubes have ___ which are used for ___

A

cilia

movement

35
Q

microvilli are used for ___. ____ and ___ have microvilli

A

absorption and secretion

small intestine, gallbladder and kidneys

36
Q

what is at the border of these cells

A

small intestine microvilli

increase surface area for increased absorption and secretion

37
Q

what is at the border of these cells

A

cilia

trachea

movement- moves stuff up and out

38
Q

4 types of connective tissue

A

connective tissue

cartilage

bone

blood

39
Q

oxygen and nutrients reach the cells of epithelia by ___

A

diffusion from underlying connective tissue

40
Q

epithelial protects against dehydration by

A

producing a water proof layer or by producing mucus

41
Q

keratinized stratified squamous epithelia

A

surface cells are squamous, but are dead and lack nuclei, bags of Keratin

first line of defense against infection

exposed surface of the body

42
Q

___ are fingerlike projections of the cell’s plasma membrane and cytoplasm supported by a core of ___ filaments

A

microvilii

actin

43
Q

what kind of epithelium

A
  1. Lumen
  2. Bistratified cuboidal epithelium

teat sinus

mammary gland has same epithelium

44
Q
A

. Bistratified cuboidal epithelium

mammary gland

21 fall: histology (36 decks)

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