Test 2: 7 obstruction Flashcards
3 types of mechanical obstruction
Intraluminal/mural
Displacements
Incarcerations
other names for functional obstruction
ileus and atony
Intestinal stasis from lack of effective innervation → reduced peristalsis
Functional Obstructions
three causes of Functional Obstructions
- Post-surgical manipulation
- Peritonitis
- Chronic distention
what are some things that can cause gastric impaction
Poor quality fibrous roughage
Inadequate water intake
Inadequate mastication
(Malocclusion, dental attrition)
Vagal nerve damage
Pyloric stenosis/outflow obstruction
* prior ulcer, infiltration/mass
Abomasal emptying defect
(toxic - Suffolk sheep)
what are some examples of Intraluminal Physical/Mechanical Obstruction
Foreign bodies, Enteroliths, Sand/Forage, Parasites, Intussusception, Volvulus/torsion, Stenosis, Incarcerations
Intraluminal Obstructions will cause — intestinal distention with fluid & gas
proximal
Intraluminal Obstructions in the intestine will lead to — imbalance and —
Electrolyte imbalance & Hypovolemia
if a intraluminal obstruction becomes too big it will cause
Segmental Intestinal Ischemia +/- perforation and
septic peritonitis
enteroliths
common gastric displacements in cows
RDAs→ volvulus (surgical emergency)
LDAs→ common/intermittent
canine gastric displacement
GDV syndrome(Gastric dilation and volvulus syndrome)
Aerophagia/anaerobes→ Free gas bloat→ volvulus
Syndrome can be fatal (surgical emergency)
* hypovolemia, electrolyte derangement, sepsis
equine acute gastric dilation can cause
rupture
horse can’t vomit
Reflux relieved through nasogastric intubation
Mural(gas) compromise → perforating ulcers
3 common intestinal displacements
Intussusception
Volvulus & Torsion
Herniations & Incarcerations
what is Intussusception
invagination (ie telescoping) of a proximal segment of bowel into distal segment
Intussusception occurs more frequently in young or old animals
young
what are some causes of Intussusception
irritability, dysmotility
parasites, Inflammation, foreign body, or intramural lesion (tumor)
what will happen after Intussusception
→ Obstruction & passive congestion → Venous infarct→ opportunistic infection → Peritonitis, shock, death
Twisting of the stomach or intestine around its mesenteric axis
Volvulus
Rotation of a tubular organ along its longitudinal axis
torsion
displacement of a portion of the intestine through a normal or pathogenic foramen
Herniation and Incarcerations
where is a common place for internal hernia in a horse
The epiploic foramen
(also called the foramen of Winslow) is a passage between the greater sac (peritoneal cavity proper) and the lesser sac (omental bursa), allowing communication between these two spaces.
Incarcerations from Strangulating Lipomas
pedunculated lipoma
what are some causes of obstruction in the intestine due to stenosis or stricture
Dysplasia (Congenital stenosis)
* Atresia ani, coli
* Equine Colonic Aganglionosis- Lethal White Ovaro Foals
Circumferential scarring (stricture)
Post-surgical (resections)
Intestinal neoplasm (desmoplasia)
Necrotizing enteritis
* e.g. Salmonella typhimurium in pigs
