Test 2: 7 obstruction

Question 1

3 types of mechanical obstruction

Answer 1

Intraluminal/mural

Displacements

Incarcerations

Question 2

other names for functional obstruction

Answer 2

ileus and atony

Question 3

Intestinal stasis from lack of effective innervation → reduced peristalsis

Answer 3

Functional Obstructions

Question 4

three causes of Functional Obstructions

Answer 4

• Post-surgical manipulation
• Peritonitis
• Chronic distention

Question 5

what are some things that can cause gastric impaction

Answer 5

Poor quality fibrous roughage

Inadequate water intake

Inadequate mastication
(Malocclusion, dental attrition)

Vagal nerve damage

Pyloric stenosis/outflow obstruction
* prior ulcer, infiltration/mass

Abomasal emptying defect
(toxic - Suffolk sheep)

Question 6

what are some examples of Intraluminal Physical/Mechanical Obstruction

Answer 6

Foreign bodies, Enteroliths, Sand/Forage, Parasites, Intussusception, Volvulus/torsion, Stenosis, Incarcerations

Question 7

Intraluminal Obstructions will cause — intestinal distention with fluid & gas

Answer 7

proximal

Question 8

Intraluminal Obstructions in the intestine will lead to — imbalance and —

Answer 8

Electrolyte imbalance & Hypovolemia

Question 9

if a intraluminal obstruction becomes too big it will cause

Answer 9

Segmental Intestinal Ischemia +/- perforation and
septic peritonitis

Question 10

Answer 10

enteroliths

Question 11

common gastric displacements in cows

Answer 11

RDAs→ volvulus (surgical emergency)

LDAs→ common/intermittent

Question 12

canine gastric displacement

Answer 12

GDV syndrome(Gastric dilation and volvulus syndrome)

Aerophagia/anaerobes→ Free gas bloat→ volvulus

Syndrome can be fatal (surgical emergency)
* hypovolemia, electrolyte derangement, sepsis

Question 13

equine acute gastric dilation can cause

Answer 13

rupture

horse can’t vomit

Reflux relieved through nasogastric intubation

Mural(gas) compromise → perforating ulcers

Question 14

3 common intestinal displacements

Answer 14

Intussusception

Volvulus & Torsion

Herniations & Incarcerations

Question 15

what is Intussusception

Answer 15

invagination (ie telescoping) of a proximal segment of bowel into distal segment

Question 16

Intussusception occurs more frequently in young or old animals

Answer 16

young

Question 17

what are some causes of Intussusception

Answer 17

irritability, dysmotility
parasites, Inflammation, foreign body, or intramural lesion (tumor)

Question 18

what will happen after Intussusception

Answer 18

→ Obstruction & passive congestion → Venous infarct→ opportunistic infection → Peritonitis, shock, death

Question 19

Twisting of the stomach or intestine around its mesenteric axis

Answer 19

Volvulus

Question 20

Rotation of a tubular organ along its longitudinal axis

Answer 20

torsion

Question 21

displacement of a portion of the intestine through a normal or pathogenic foramen

Answer 21

Herniation and Incarcerations

Question 22

where is a common place for internal hernia in a horse

Answer 22

The epiploic foramen

(also called the foramen of Winslow) is a passage between the greater sac (peritoneal cavity proper) and the lesser sac (omental bursa), allowing communication between these two spaces.

Question 23

Answer 23

Incarcerations from Strangulating Lipomas

pedunculated lipoma

Question 24

what are some causes of obstruction in the intestine due to stenosis or stricture

Answer 24

Dysplasia (Congenital stenosis)
* Atresia ani, coli
* Equine Colonic Aganglionosis- Lethal White Ovaro Foals

Circumferential scarring (stricture)

Post-surgical (resections)

Intestinal neoplasm (desmoplasia)

Necrotizing enteritis
* e.g. Salmonella typhimurium in pigs