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22 fall: path > Test 1: lecture 4: Cell adaptations > Flashcards

Test 1: lecture 4: Cell adaptations Flashcards

1
Q

Hypertrophy and hyperplasia can___ the function
of the tissue.

A

increase

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2
Q

___ is an adaptation without apparent benefit to
the host

A

Dysplasia

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3
Q

atrophy

A

decrease in the mass due to decrease size or # of cells

cell shrinkage, autophagy and apoptosis

caused by disuse, starvation, loss of innervation, compression ect

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4
Q

what are some causes of atrophy

A

Nutrient deprivation - starvation

Decreased blood supply

Loss of innervation

Disuse

Pressure/compression- hydrocephalus/hydronephrosus

Loss of hormones

Physiologic

Idiopathic

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5
Q
A

pancreatic atrophy

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6
Q
A

myofibril atrophy from disuse

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7
Q
A

hydrocephalus

neural atrophy

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8
Q
A

hydronephrosis

atrophy of the kidney due to increased pressure from blockage

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9
Q

hypoplasia

A

never grew to normal size

fewer or smaller cells

(genetic?)

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10
Q
A

hypoplasia

(plasia= growth)

kidney never grew to full size

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11
Q
A

hypoplasia of trachea

common in brachiocephalic dogs

trachea never grew to normal size

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12
Q

hypertrophy

A

increase in the size of cells by increasing the number and size of organelles

increase size not number

occur in organs made of post mitotic cells (skeletal muscle and heart muscle)

can be compensatory or hormonal

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13
Q

when you lift weights, you are trying to cause ___ in your muscles

A

compensatory hypertrophy

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14
Q

two types of hypertrophy

A

compensatory → weight lifting

hormonal

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15
Q

___ occurs in post mitotic cells in response to stress

A

hypertrophy

post mitotic cells such as heart and skeletal muscle

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16
Q
A

hypertrophy of the heart

(too big)

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17
Q
A

Feline Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a condition that causes the muscular walls of a cat’s heart to thicken, decreasing the heart’s efficiency and sometimes creating symptoms in other parts of the body.

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18
Q

hypertrophy vs hyperplasia

A

hypertrophy- post mitotic cells (muscle and heart)- cells get bigger

hyperplasia- mitotic cells- can change(labile and quiescent) - will increase the number of cells (glands)

19
Q

hyperplasia

A

increase in the number of cells

occurs in cells that are still capable of mitosis (glands)

can be compensatory, hormonal, or idiopathic

20
Q

what are the three causes of hyperplasia

A

compensatory→ lost too much, need to rebuild→ liver can remake itself

hormonal → prostate will get bigger if not neutered

idiopathic → liver nodular hyperplasia → very common in old dogs

spleen nodular hyperplasia→ can lead to hematoma and death

pancreas → exocrine function by acinar cells

21
Q
A

adrenal gland hyperplasia (cortex is too thick)

22
Q
A

parathyroid hyperplasia (too big, too many cells)

23
Q
A

prostatic hyperplasia (too many cells from hormones from not neutering)

24
Q

metaplasia

A

when a cell type can change into a different cell type of the same germline

cartilage→ bone

25
Q
A

metaplasia

barrett’s esophagus

cells in the esophagus change from squamous to simple columnar from the stress of GERD

26
Q
A

metaplasia

joint changing into bone in response to attack

27
Q
A

metaplasia

joint mice

change of state from irritation→ tries to make itself stronger but loses mobility

28
Q

aplasia

A

failure to grow

complete absence (genetic)

29
Q
A

aplasia

kidney never formed

30
Q

two definitions of dysplasia

A

Disordered growth during development (abnormal tissue development with disorientation of cells or tissues)

-or-

Hyperplasia with atypical cell shape, size, and orientation in
fully developed tissues.

31
Q

___ is when an organ never formed

32
Q

___ is when an organ formed but never got to correct size

A

hypoplasia

33
Q

___ is when an organ become smaller due to misuse or injury

34
Q

___ is when the size of an organ increases because the number of cells increase

A

hyperplasia

think glands → happens in cells that are capable of mitosis

35
Q

___ is when an organ gets bigger due to the size of individual cells gets bigger

A

hypertrophy

think muscle and cardiac → post mitotic

36
Q

___ is when cell types change into cells of the same germ line in response to stress

A

metaplasia

think joint→ bone

37
Q

___ is when there is disorder in how tissues are arranged

38
Q

___ is hyperplasia with weird cell shape, size, and orientation in a fully developed tissue

39
Q
A

renal dysplasia

40
Q
A

dysplasia

things aren’t in normal order from top to bottom→ all jumbled up

41
Q

neoplasia

A

uncontrolled cellular proliferation → cancer

benign or malignan

42
Q
43
Q
A

neoplasia

diffuse?

22 fall: path (46 decks)

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