Terms Flashcards
applied to a horse that is sensitive about the head and jerks away when touched
Headshy
an acquired habit that is annoying, or may interfere with the horse’s usefulness. ex. cribbing
Vice
the fore part of a horse; the forelegs, head, and shoulders is referred to what?
Forehand
Proper balance or relationship of all parts is called what?
Symmetrical
any mark or blemish that imapairs usefulness; also called a defect
Unsoundness
unsoundness; cloudy or opaque appearance of the eye
Cataract
unsoundness; impaired vision or blindness
Defective Eyes
unsoundness; inflamed swelling of poll
Poll Evil
blemish; outward arched profile of the nose area
Roman Nose
unsoundess; lower jaw is shorter than upper jaw. Also called parrot mouth
Overshot Jaw
unsoundness or blemish; inflamed swelling of withers
Fistula of Withers
unsoundness; atrophy or decrease in size of a single muscle or group of muscles, usually found in shoulders
Sweeny
blemish; soft, flabby swelling at the point of elbow
Shoe Boil / Capped Elbow
unsoundness, faulty conformation; over on the knees
Buck Knee / Knee-sprun
unsoundness; enlarged, stretched flexor tendons behind the cannon bones
Bowed Tendons
unsoundness; bony growth above and toward the rear quarter of hoof head
Side Bone
unsoundness; fistula of the hoof head
Quittor
blemish; vertical split in the wall of the hoof
Quarter / Sand Crack
unsoundness; difficult breathing, lung damage
Heaves
unsoundness; difficult breathing due to an obstruction, usually in larynx
Roaring
unsoundness; protrusion of internal organs through the wall (hernia) of the body.
Rupture
faulty conformation; the condition of having a distinct fall or scoop in that portion of the back between the shoulders and hindquarters
Sway Back
unsoundness; displaced patella of stifle joint
Stifled
nervous disorder characterized by excessive jerking of the hind leg
Stringhalt
unsoundness; puffy swelling which appears on upper part of hock and in front of the large tendon
Thoroughpin
blemish or unsoundness; enlargement on point of hock. progresses from blemish to unsoundness
Capped Hock
unsoundness; meaty, soft swelling occuring on inner front part of hock
Bog Spavin
unsoundness; bony growth usually found on inside lower point of hock
Bone Spavin / Jack Spavin
unsoundness; hard swelling on back surface of rear cannon about four inches below point of hock
Curb
unsoundness; usually in hind feet, horse stands bent forward, due to contracted tendons
Cocked Ankle
blemish; swelling of vein usually below seat of bog spavin
Blood Spavin
the science of the structure of the animal body and the relation of its parts
Anatomy
the corner incisors or those located back and adjacent to the forward edge of the interdental space (third set of incisors)
Corners
the centrally located upper and lower incisors
Centers
a bad habit of some horses in which the animal grasps the manger or other object with the incisor teeth, arches the neck, makes peculiar movements with the head, and swallows quanitities of air. also called wind-sucking
Cribbing
the top of a tooth protruding above the gum
Crown of Tooth
the hollow space on the wearing surface of an incisor
Cups
A star shaped or circle like structure near the center of the wearing surface of the permanent incisors. not used for acurate age determination
Dental Star
slender teeth in front used for biting grass, feed, etc.
Incisor
parallel to the long part of a tooth
Longitudinal (lengthwise)
the part of the tooth between the crown and root, located at the surface of the gums
Neck of Tooth
refers to the amount of use or wear observed on the biting surface of the incisors
Wear
appears at upper corner incisor at 10 years old, extends halfway down tooth at 15, and reaches wearing surface at 20. disappears at gum and is completely gone by 30.
Galvayne’s Groove
an abnormal condition that an animal possesses at birth
Congenital
the progeny of a stallion
Get
the progeny of a mare
Produce
normal cell division
Mitosis
cell division that produces sex cells
Meiosis
glands located along the urethra of the male. produce fluids to nourish and preserve sperm.
Accessory Glands
includes the cervix and vagina of a female. the organs through which the unborn animal passes at birth
Birth Canal
removal of the testicles from a male. also: to alter, to geld
Castration
the narrow passage between the female’s vagina and uterus
Cervix
a male foal
Colt
a solid mass that forms in the follicle after the egg has left. produces a hormone which helps maintain pregnancy. prevents other follicles from developing while the unborn animal is growing in the uterus
Corpus Luteum
a mass of tubes conected to the testicle. used to store sperm
Epididymis
hormones that stimulate the development and maintenance of feminine sexual characters. the principle hormones are: estradiol, estrone, estriol
Estrogenic Hormones
the period commonly called “heat”
Estrus
the sperm entering the egg
Fertilization
the unborn animal as it develops in the uterus
Fetus
a bubble-like structure on the ovary which contains an egg
Follicle
comes from the pituitary and causes follicle growth
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
the length of time for the development of the foal from time of fertilization to it’s birth, about 11 months
Gestation Period
a body-regulating chemical secreted by a gland into the blood stream
Hormone
the funnel-like membrane that surrounds the ovary. It catches the egg when it is released by the ovary
Infundibulum
produced by the pituitary and regulates corpus luteim in female and testosterone secretion in male
Luteinizing Hormone
the dense center of the cell which contains genetic material
Nucleus
a female organ that produces eggs. there are 2.
Ovary
the tube which carries the egg from the ovary to the uterus
Oviduct
the time when the follicle bursts and the egg is released
Ovulation
scientific name for egg, the female reproductive cell
Ovum
the membrane by which the fetus is attached to the uterus. Nutrients from the mother pass into this and then through the naval chord to the fetus. When the animal is born, this is expelled, commonly called the “after-birth”
Placenta
the gland is located at the base of the brain and secretes hormones which regulates the body
Pituitary
the time during which the fertilized egg develops in the uterus
Pregnancy
a steroid hormone secreted by the hypertrophied cells of the corpus leteum. Aids in the development of the uterus for implantation and effective nutrition of the embryo
Progesterone
a hormone produced in the anterior pituitary gland. Starts lactation. In the case of nursing mothers, milk secretion is stimulated
Prolactin
a male horse that has retained one or both testicles in his body cavity
Ridgling
the egg and the sperm. they transmit genetic material from parents to offspring
Sex Cells
the sac-like pouch that suspends the testicles outside of the male
Scrotum
male sex cells produced in the testicles
Sperm
sperm mixed with fluids from the accessory glands
Semen
an unaltered male horse
Stallion
a male gland which produces sperm. there are 2.
Testicle
the tube through which both semen and urine pass through the penis of the male
Urethra
the canal which leads from the uterus to outside the female. Sperm is deposited there by the male. The fetus passes through this at birth
Vagina
the muscular, spongy organ of the female where the unborn animal develops, commonly called the womb
Uterus
the tube that carries sperm from the epididymis to the urethra of the male
Vas Deferens
a feed constituent that aids in the support of life
Nutrient
the less digestable form of carbohydrates found in feedstuffs
Fiber
complex compounds of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, which mainly supply building material for the body
Proteins
compounds of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, which mainly supply energy to the body
Carbohydrates
the amount of a nutrient found in feed
Crude / Total Nutrient
that part of each nutrient which is digested, taken into the body, and utilized
Digestable Nutrient
that part of the total or crude protein of a feed that can be utilized by the animal
Digestive Protein
the entire feed allowed to an animal during a 24-hour day whether all is given at one time or at different times
Ration
a ration that contains all of the digestible nutrients that will properly nourish an animal for 24 hours
Balanced Ration
a ration that furnishes just enough of each of the nutreints required to support an animal, which is doing no work and yielding no product, so that it will neither gain nor lose weight
Maintenance Ration
the sum of the digestible protein, digestible carbohydrates, and digestible fat
Total Digestible Nutrients
what is left in a feed sample after the water has been removed
Dry Matter
minerals that are needed in very small amounts for the normal functioning of the body
Trace Minerals
a plant pigment that is the precursor of vitamin A
Carotene
the part of the ration that is a concentrated form of one or more of the essential nutrients
Supplement
chemical substances used in the treatment of infectious diseases
Antibiotics
a feedstuff produced as a secondary product in the manufacturing of another feed, usually a grain. Wheat bran is the outer layer of the grain kernel.
By-Product Feed
drugs that cause contraction of infected areas, such as tannic acid, alum and zinc oxide or sulphate
Astringent
a diseased condition
Pathological
one who is trained and skilled in the treating of diseases and injuries of animals
Veterinarian
a reduction in the hemoglobin of red blood cells with a deficiency of oxygen in the blood
Anemia
a substance capable of destroying or eliminating parasitic worms
Anthelmintic
inflammation of the bronchial tubes (extensions of the windpipe)
Bronchitis
an acute abdominal pain; may be caused by a great variety of disorders
Colic
the lodgment of an abnormal or foreign particle, such as a blood clot, in a tube or canal of the circulatory, with the tube being too small to permit its passage
Embolism
organisms in the early stages of development
Embryos
an insect which carries and transmits disease-causing microorganisms
Insect Vector
the immature, wormlike form into which insects hatch the egg.
Larva
a soft-boddied, grub like, footless larva of an insect; applied especially to forms living in decaying matter
Maggot
to cast off or shed the hair, feathers, horns, outer layer of skin, etc., being replaced by new growth
Molt
an intermediate, usually motionless, form assumed by metabolic insects after the larval stage, and maintained until the beginning development of the adult stage
Pupa
abnormal passage connecting an abscess or hollow organ to the body surface or connecting two hollow organs
Fistula
