Horse Bowl Study Guide Flashcards
These are the questions in the horse bowl study guide.
1
Q
When and where were the first horses domesticated?
A
Central Asia or Persia more than 3000 years BC
2
Q
What is a bad habit that may affect the horses usefulness, dependability or health called?
A
Vice
3
Q
How many joints are in the hind leg?
A
seven
4
Q
The horse has how many cervical vertebrae?
A
Seven
5
Q
What is the external part of the ear called?
A
Auricle
6
Q
What part of the horse’s skeletal system consists of the skull, spinal column, ribs and breastbone?
A
Trunk
7
Q
In what area of the horse would you find the pectoral muscles?
A
Chest
8
Q
What is the name of the first cervical vertebrae?
A
Atlas
9
Q
What is the function of the short bones?
A
To absorb concussion.
10
Q
What should be the widest part of the hindquarters?
A
The stifle
11
Q
What can be done to help bowed tendons?
A
Corrective Shoeing and Veterinary Intervention
12
Q
A thickening of the plantar ligament of the hock is called what?
A
Curb
13
Q
What is the longitudinal depression on the lavial surface of the upper incisor?
A
Galvayne’s Groove
14
Q
What determines all hereditary characteristics of a horse?
A
Genetics
15
Q
A gene that does not show up when paired with a dominant gene is said to be what?
A
Recessive
16
Q
Which is a dominant coat color, black or brown?
A
Black
17
Q
What does the G locus provide for?
A
Dominant Grey
18
Q
What is the primary sex organ of the stallion?
A
Testicle
19
Q
What is a barren mare?
A
A mare that is not in foal
20
Q
What hormone is responsible for the masculine appearance and behavior of the stallion?
A
Testosterone
21
Q
When does puberty occur in the stallion?
A
About 1 year
22
Q
What do the ovaries produce?
A
Eggs (Ova)
23
Q
The membrane by which the fetus is attached to the uterus is what?
A
Placenta
24
Q
What is the function of the urethra?
A
To transport urine and sperm in the male
25
How many days is the gestation period of the horse?
335-342 days
26
Where do the sperm and egg unite?
Oviduct
27
Why is the colostrum important?
It provides the foal with the first, essential proteins and immunity to protect against infection.
28
What is the name for the practice that is used to identify mares in estrus?
Teasing
29
What is the name for inflammation of the udder?
Mastitis
30
What is the name for a protrusion of intestine through the abdominal wall into the skin pouch that holds the testicles?
Scrotal Hernia
31
The short estrus period soon after foaling is called what?
Foal Heat
32
What is meant by parturition?
Delivery of foals
33
What is the production of milk called?
Lactation
34
Place the following terms in order: mastication, defecation, prehension, and deglutition.
Prehension, mastication, deglutition, defecation
35
Name the 3 pairs of salivary glands.
Parotid, submaxillary, sublingual
36
Name the 6 accessory organs of the digestive system.
Lips, tongue, teeth, salivary glands, liver, pancreas
37
About 65% of the digestive capacity of the horse is where?
Cecum & colon (lower gut)
38
Name the 2 hormones responsible for regulating the concentration of glucose in the blood.
Insulin & glucagon
39
What are the 5 regions of the large colon?
Left ventral colon, right ventral colon, right dorsal colon, left dorsal colon, traverse colon
40
Put the following in order of length, from shortest to longest: Pharynx, esophagus, small intestine, large intestine.
Pharynx, esophagus, large intestine, small intestine
41
Prolactin is produced in which gland & serves what function?
Anterior pituitary gland stimulates milk secretion
42
What are the 2 main functions of the cecum & large colon in the digestive process?
Cecum-absorption of water, Large colon-breaks down fiber by bacterial fermentation
43
Feeds low in fiber, high in TDN are called what?
Concentrates
44
Feeds high in fiber, low in TDN are called what?
Forages
45
A feed constituent that aids in the support of life is called what?
Nutrient
46
The less digestible form are carbohydrates found in feedstuffs.
Fiber
47
Complex compounds of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, which mainly supply building material for the body is called what?
Proteins
48
Compounds of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and is the main source of energy to the body is called what?
Carbohydrates (CHO)
49
That part of each nutrient which is digested, taken into the body, and utilized is referred to as what?
Digestible Nutrient
50
That part of the total or crude protein of a feed that can be utilized by the animal.
Digestive Protein
51
The entire feed allowed an animal during a 24-hour day, whether all is given at one time or different times.
Ration
52
A ration that contains all the digestible nutrients required to nourish an animal for 24 hours is called what?
Balanced Ration
53
A ration that furnishes just enough of each of the nutrients required to support an animal, which is doing no work and yielding no product, so that it will neither gain nor lose weight.
Maintenance Ration
54
The sum of the digestible protein, digestible CHO, and digestible fat.
Total Digestible Nutrients (TDN)
55
That which is left in a feed sample after the water has been removed.
Dry Matter
56
The minerals that are needed in very small amounts for the normal functioning of the body.
Trace Minerals
57
The part of the ration that is a concentrated form of one or more of the essential nutrients.
Supplement
58
Chemical substances used in the treatment of infectious diseases.
Antibiotics
59
What are the five required nutrients of a horse?
1. Water 2. Energy (Carbohydrates & Fats) 3. Protein 4. Vitamins 5. Minerals
60
Name three problems associated with overfeeding horses.
Obesity, laminitis, colic, contracted tendons
61
Should a horse be fed by weight or volume?
Weight
62
Name five trace or micro minerals.
Iodine, Manganese, iron, zinc, copper, fluorine, selenium, silicon, cobalt.
63
What part of grass is high in protein?
The leaves and the seeds
64
Together the two minerals sodium and chlorine make up a common dietary nutrient called what?
Salt
65
Where do horses get Vitamin D?
Sunlight and sun-cured hay
66
What two minerals are necessary for bone formation, muscular activity and blood clotting?
calcium and phosphorus
67
Are the essential amino acids of the horse synthesized by the body of the horse?
No
68
Which unsoundness causes difficulty in breathing due to lung damage?
heaves (COPD)
69
What is the term for an animal's ability to resist or repel a disease producing organism?
immunity
70
Name a disease that can be contracted from organisms living in the soil?
tetanus
71
What disease affects the spinal cord and nervous system & is caused by an organism whose life cycle is not yet completely understood?
Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (EPM)
72
What term describes a preventative injection of bacteria or viruses, that have been modified or inactivated, to protect the horse against certain diseases?
Vaccination
73
Name a disease that if left untreated for a long period of time can cause the hoof wall to curl up & have rings around it.
Founder or laminitis
74
Name 2 factors that predispose foals to pneumonia.
Stress, such as from overcrowding, weaning & handling, Dust, Poor nutrition, Parasites, Heat & humidity & fluctuations in temperature
75
What does the bacteria, Streptococcus Equi cause?
Strangles (distemper)
76
During what time of year do most cases of Potomac Horse Fever occur?
Summer (July, August & early Sept)
77
Which disease affects many systems, primarily the skin, joints, nervous system & heart & is caused by the bacteria, borrelia burgdorferi?
Lyme disease
78
How long can a horse be infected with EIA or swamp fever?
Rest of its life
79
Horses that are shown or mixed with other horses during the year, should be given at least what 5 vaccinations?
Eastern & Western encephalomyelitis, tetanus, influenza, rhinopneumonitis, Potomac Horse fever
80
The Coggins test is used in the detection of what disease of the horse?
Equine Infectious Anemia
81
What is the normal respiration of the horse?
8-15 breaths per minute
82
Describe spasmodic colic
muscular spasms of the intestinal tract.
83
Describe impaction colic
blockage of the intestinal tract.
84
Describe incarceration colic
loop of intestine becomes placed or trapped in an abnormal position.
85
Describe displacement colic
section of the intestine becomes twisted or caught in an abnormal position from an unknown cause.
86
Describe gas colic
caused by large quantities of gas and fluid produced by the bacteria in the digestive tract.
