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Gaits Flashcards

1
Q

What is the average length of stride in the trot?

A

8-9 feet

Source: Equine Science, Griffiths, p. 72

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2
Q

Define transition in regards to gaits.

A

A change from one gait to another

Source: MN 4-H Horsemanship and Horse Training Manual, p. 36

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3
Q

What is pounding?

A

Hitting the ground hard in stride

Source: Horses and Horsemanship (National 4-H Council), p. 18 / The Horse, Evans, p. 181

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4
Q

At which gaits will lameness be most noticeable?

A

Walk, Trot

Source: Horse Science (National 4-H Council), p. 12

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5
Q

What can happen if the pastern is too straight?

A

It does not cushion the shock of the foot striking the ground and can lead to serious damage as well as a rough ride

(Source: Horses and Horsemanship (National 4-H Council), p. 11)

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6
Q

A horse which can both trot and pace with good speed is known as what?

A

Double gaited

Source: Horses and Horsemanship, Ensminger, p. 517

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7
Q

This is the horse’s most useful gait and is called the “mother of all gaits”.

A

Walk

Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 172

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8
Q

What is the term used to describe the rhythmic characteristic movements of a horse’s feet and legs?

A

Gaits

Source: Horses and Horsemanship (National 4-H Council), p. 17

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9
Q

Name three natural gaits of the horse.

A

Walk, Trot (jog), Canter (lope)

Source: Horses and Horsemanship (National 4-H Council), p. 17

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10
Q

What is a slow, natural, flat-footed, 4-beat gait where each foot strikes the ground independently from the other three feet?

A

Walk

Source: Horses and Horsemanship (National 4-H Council), p. 17

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11
Q

Describe the sequence of hoof beats in the walk after the horse is in motion.

A

Right fore, left rear, left fore, right rear

Source: Horses and Horsemanship (National 4-H Council), p. 17

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12
Q

Toeing out and base narrow usually cause what irregularity in the way of traveling?

A

Winging

Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 151

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13
Q

What term describes excessive lateral shoulder motion characteristic of horses with protruding shoulders?

A

Rolling

Source: Illustrated Dictionary of Equine Terms, p. 236

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14
Q

Which gait of the horse is known as the most useful gait and has been termed the “nearly ideal form of locomotion”?

A

The walk

Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 172

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15
Q

Which of the following are artificial gaits: trot, slow gait, canter?

A

Slow gait

Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 178

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16
Q

Name the fast, flashy, four-beat gait, also known as the single foot, which is free from any pacing motion?

A

Rack

Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 40

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17
Q

What is the term when a twisting of the striding leg around the supporting leg in such a manner that the horse looks like it is tightrope walking?

A

Winding or rope-walking

Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 181

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18
Q

Describe paddling.

A

Throwing the front feet outward during the stride

Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 181 / Illustrated Dictionary of Equine Terms, p. 201

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19
Q

Define cross-firing.

A

Hind foot on one side strikes the diagonal forefoot (forging in the pacing horse)

(Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 179)

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20
Q

A slow to medium-fast, collected canter exhibited in Western classes is called what?

A

Lope

Source: Illustrated Dictionary of Equine Terms, p. 172

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21
Q

Define lateral gait & give an example.

A

Legs & feet move in lateral pairs. Example: Pace

Source: Illustrated Dictionary of Equine Terms, p. 165

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22
Q

What is a natural gait?

A

One that’s pattern is distinct and is a commonly occurring gait

(Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 171)

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23
Q

Which gait is a distinguishing characteristic of the Tennessee Walking Horse?

A

Running walk

Source: AYHC Horse Industry Handbook, 172B-1

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24
Q

What is the name for a fast, 4-beat ground-covering walk?

A

Running walk

Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 178

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25
Q

What movement is important for opening gates?

A

Sidepass

Source: Horses and Horsemanship (National 4-H Council), p. 23

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26
Q

What is the last foot to hit the ground in the canter when on the right lead?

A

Right front

Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 175

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27
Q

At the canter or lope, what do you call the independently moving leg?

A

Lead

Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 175

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28
Q

What is a diagonal gait?

A

Front foot and opposite hind foot start & stop at the same time. (legs move in diagonal pairs in performing gait) Example: Trot

(Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 173)

29
Q

How many beats are there to the running walk of a Tennessee Walking Horse?

A

4

Source: Horses and Horsemanship, Ensminger, p. 75 / The Horse, Evans, p. 178

30
Q

What is another name for the slow trot?

A

Jog

Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 175

31
Q

What gait is an easy, rhythmical, 3-beat gait?

A

Canter

Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 175

32
Q

Describe the movement of the pace.

A

Front & hind feet on the same side start & stop at the same time

(Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 175 / Illustrated Dictionary of Equine Terms, p. 201)

33
Q

What is another name for sidestep?

A

Traverse

Source: Horses and Horsemanship (National 4-H Council), p. 18

34
Q

Striking the ground hard in stride is called what?

A

Pounding

Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 181 / Illustrated Dictionary of Equine Terms, p. 219

35
Q

What is another name for the gallop?

A

Run

Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 176

36
Q

Which gait is a rapid, 2-beat, diagonal gait?

A

Trot

Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 173

37
Q

In the trot, one set of diagonal hooves is on the ground then the other set of diagonal hooves is on the ground; what is the next move?

A

All 4 hooves are off the ground for a moment

Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 174

38
Q

How many natural gaits does the horse have?

A

Three

Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 171

39
Q

The distance from imprint to imprint by a horse’s foot is called what?

A

Stride

Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 169

40
Q

If a horse is “forging”, what is he doing?

A

Striking the forefoot with the toe of the hindfoot

Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 179 / AYHC Horse Industry Handbook, 525-4

41
Q

What is it called when the hairline at the top of the hind foot hits the toe of the forefoot as it breaks over?

A

Scalping

Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 180

42
Q

How does a pigeon-toed horse travel?

A

Front feet will paddle or wing out when they are picked up

Source: AYHC Horse Industry Handbook, 230-5

43
Q

What type of defect does a horse have if he dishes or wings in when he travels?

A

Toed-out or Base-wide

Source: AYHC Horse Industry Handbook, 230-5

44
Q

What is the term used for a short, quick, choppy stride?

A

Trappy

Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 181

45
Q

Define action.

A

How a horse moves at all gaits

Source: Illustrated Dictionary of Equine Terms, p. 3

46
Q

What is the term used to describe a noticeable pause in the flight of the foot - as though the stride were completed before the foot reaches the ground?

A

Floating (dwelling)

Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 173

47
Q

What is a disunited canter?

A

Horse switches leads only in front but not in the rear or switching leads only in the rear but not in the front

(Source: Horses and Horsemanship (National 4-H Council), p. 18)

48
Q

In the gallop, where does the drive or power come from?

A

Hind legs

Source: Horses and Horsemanship (National 4-H Council), p. 19

49
Q

What is the base of support for the pace?

A

Two lateral legs

Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 175

50
Q

When on the left lead, which leg/legs are on the ground for the second beat of the canter?

A

Left rear & right front

Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 175

51
Q

Explain free-going.

A

When the horse’s gaits are executed in a smooth, collected manner & the action is not excessive or labored

(Source: Horses and Horsemanship (National 4-H Council), p. 17)

52
Q

What is the expression used when the stride lacks spring or action, therefore causing unnecessary rider fatigue?

A

Rough or hard-gaited

Source: Horses and Horsemanship (National 4-H Council), p. 18

53
Q

What is the expression used when the rider’s reaction to a horse’s gaits is pleasant & enjoyable?

A

Easy-gaited

Source: Horses and Horsemanship (National 4-H Council), p. 17

54
Q

What is the term used when the inside of the diagonal fore and hind pasterns make contact - sometimes seen in fast trotting horses?

A

Speedy cutting

Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 179 / Horses and Horsemanship (National 4-H Council), p. 13

55
Q

What do you call a pacer that rolls his body sideways as he paces?

A

Sidewheeler

Source: Horses and Horsemanship (National 4-H Council), p. 18

56
Q

Explain collected.

A

Controlled gait - a correct, coordinated action

Source: Horses and Horsemanship (National 4-H Council), p. 17

57
Q

How many beats are there in a gallop?

A

Four

Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 176

58
Q

A short underline can cause a horse to do what?

A

Forge

Source: Horse Science (National 4-H Council), p. 10-11

59
Q

What are the gaits that are the result of specific training & practice called?

A

Acquired gaits

Source: Horses and Horsemanship (National 4-H Council), p. 17

60
Q

At what approximate speed does the running walk travel?

A

Between 6 & 10 mph
(accept any number between those - different references read 6-8, 7-8, 8-10 mph)

(Source: Horses and Horsemanship (National 4-H Council), p. 18 / Horses and Horsemanship, Ensminger, p. 75)

61
Q

How many beats do the walk, trot, canter & gallop each have?

A

Walk - 4 beat gait, Trot - 2 beat gait, Canter - 3 beat gait, Gallop - fast 4 beat gait

(Source: Horses and Horsemanship (National 4-H Council), p. 17-19)

62
Q

What is an exaggerated paddling, particularly noticeable in high-going animals?

A

Winging out

Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 181

63
Q

What is another name for the slow gait?

A

Stepping pace

Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 172

64
Q

With which foot does a horse start a right lead canter?

A

Left hind

Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 175

65
Q

Name 3 of the 5 characteristics of the walk.

A

Slow, 4 beat gait, stride less than 6 feet, average speed of about 4 miles per hour, 3 feet on the ground at one time

(Source: Equine Science, Griffiths, p. 70)

66
Q

Name 4 important features of a stride.

A

Balance, Directness, Height, Length, Rapidity, Regularity

Source: Horses and Horsemanship (National 4-H Council), p. 19

67
Q

What is a cross canter?

A

When the horse is on one lead in the front and the other in the back

(Source: Equine Science, Griffiths, p. 76)

68
Q

How many beats does the back gait have?

A

2 beats

Source: Equine Science, Griffiths, p. 79

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