Conformation Flashcards by sarah carlson

What is the abnormal contraction of the heel?

Contracted feet

Source: Horse Science (National 4-H Council), p. 13

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Name 3 common faults in the foot corrected by trimming?

Splayfoot, pigeon toe, quarter crack, cocked angles, contracted heels

Source: Horses and Horsemanship (National 4-H Council), p. 49

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If a horse is parrot mouthed, what does that mean?

The lower jaw is shorter than the upper jaw

Source: Horses and Horsemanship (National 4-H Council), p. 10 / Horse Science (National 4-H Council), p. 13

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Which is a more serious condition, toed-in or toed-out?

Toed-out

Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 151

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What is coon footed?

Long sloping pasterns throwing fetlocks low

Source: Horses and Horsemanship (National 4-H Council), p. 8

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What is splayfoot?

It is when the front toes are turned out and the heels are turned in

Source: Horses and Horsemanship, Ensminger, p. 458

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What is it called when the angle of the foot is noticeably less than 45 degrees?

Flat feet

Source: Illustrated Dictionary of Equine Terms, p. 109

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The back of the horse carries the weight of the rider. A concave or sagging back is termed what?

Swayback

Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 152

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What term describes a horse that is low in the withers with heavy shoulder muscling?

Mutton withered

Source: Illustrated Dictionary of Equine Terms, p. 184

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What is buck-kneed?

Knees bent forward or over at the knees

Source: AYHC Horse Industry Handbook, 230-5

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Name two conformation faults associated with the stifle.

Straight behind, standing under behind, camped behind

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Knock knees or bench knees are conformation faults that are visible from the…..?

Front

Source: Horses and Horsemanship (National 4-H Council), p. 12 / AYHC Horse Industry Handbook, 230-5

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Structure, form and symmetrical arrangement of parts as applied to a horse is referred to as what?

Conformation

Source: Horses and Horsemanship (National 4-H Council), p. 8

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When buying a horse, how should the height of the croup compare to the height of the withers?

The should be the same

Source: Horses and Horsemanship, Ensminger, p. 34

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Is parrot mouth a genetic defect?

Yes

Source: Horses and Horsemanship, Ensminger, p. 60

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What is a bench knee?

The cannon bone is not centered in the knee as viewed from the front

Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 147

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What term describes ears that are carried in a loose, inattentive, sluggish manner?

Lopped ears

Source: Illustrated Dictionary of Equine Terms, p. 172

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A heavy neck which breaks and falls to one side is called what?

Broken crest

Source: Illustrated Dictionary of Equine Terms, p. 40

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What is the conformation fault in which the knees are bent forward?

Buck-kneed

Source: AYHC Horse Industry Handbook, 230-5

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What is calf-kneed?

Knees bent backward

Source: AYHC Horse Industry Handbook, 230-6

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Referring to horses, what is a hand?

A measurement of height; one hand equals 4 inches

Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 139

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What is the hardest working joint in the horse’s legs?

Hock

Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 154

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What is tucked up?

Thin & cut up in the flank like a greyhound

Source: Horses and Horsemanship (National 4-H Council), p. 4

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What is the term for flat-ribbed?

Slab-sided

Source: Horses and Horsemanship (National 4-H Council), p. 9

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At what angle should the head join the neck?

45 degrees Source: Horses and Horsemanship (National 4-H Council), p. 10

What is the term for protruding eyes?

Bug-eyed or bovine eyes Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 144

What is cow-hocked?

Hocks close together, feet wide apart Source: Horses and Horsemanship (National 4-H Council), p. 9

Describe goose-rumped.

A croup that slopes and tapers from the hip to the buttocks Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 154

What is the difference between splayfooted & pigeon-toed?

Splayfoot - front toes turned out Pigeon-toed - front toes turned in Source: AYHC Horse Industry Handbook, 230-1,2

What is roman-nosed?

Face is convex Source: AYHC Horse Industry Handbook, 220-4 / Horses and Horsemanship (National 4-H Council), p. 10

Name an undesirable trait of the croup?

Goose rumped Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 154

What is the most common defect in the rear legs?

Cow hocked Source: AYHC Horse Industry Handbook, 230-6

Why should the bottom line of a horse be longer than the top line?

To allow for a longer stride Source: AYHC Horse Industry Handbook, 220-6

Why shouldn't a horse have low, flat withers?

They don't hold a saddle well Source: AYHC Horse Industry Handbook, 220-6

What is the term for a horse having a short, steep croup?

Goose-rumped Source: Horses and Horsemanship (National 4-H Council), p. 9

What is the term for a horse with too little angle at the hock?

Post-legged Source: Horses and Horsemanship (National 4-H Council), p. 11

What is the term for a horse with too much angle at the hock?

Sickle-hocked Source: Horses and Horsemanship (National 4-H Council), p. 11

What is the ideal angle of hoof to ground?

45 degrees Source: Horses and Horsemanship (National 4-H Council), p. 11

What is paunchy?

Too much belly Source: Horses and Horsemanship (National 4-H Council), p. 9

What is the term for a thin, sharp, arched back?

Roached back Source: Horses and Horsemanship (National 4-H Council), p. 9

Describe phenotype.

The way the horse looks on the outside Source: Equine Science, Griffiths, p. 91

What are mutton withers?

Low, flat withers OR round, thick Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 151

Describe swayback.

Concave or sagging back Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 152

Describe roached back.

Convex appearance of back Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 152

Describe the saddling problem that occurs with a mutton withered horse.

The saddle slips and will not stay in place Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 151

What term means that a horse is proportionally as long as it is tall?

Balanced Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 133

Besides supporting the weight of the saddle & rider, what is another reason that the loin should be short & strong?

Carries power from the hind legs forward Source: AYHC Horse Industry Handbook, 220-6

Define the term "camped out behind".

Entire forelimb is too far forward and away from the body Source: AYHC Horse Industry Handbook, 230-5

A horse whose hocks are too far apart with his feet set close together is said to be what?

Bow-legged or out at the hock Source: AYHC Horse Industry Handbook, 230-7

Name one desirable characteristic of the rear quarters as viewed from the side or rear.

Should appear square Source: AYHC Horse Industry Handbook, 220-7

To evaluate conformation, it is necessary to know what?

The parts of the horse Source: AYHC Horse Industry Handbook, 220-3

What does the term Roached Back mean?

Having a thin, sharp, arched back Source: Horses and Horsemanship (National 4-H Council), p. 9

Name one area of the hindquarters where the muscle should have thickness.

Thigh, stifle, gaskin Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 153-154

Name one characteristic you want in a horse's eye.

Large, clear, set wide apart, bright, bold, alert, soft, kind Source: AYHC Horse Industry Handbook, 220-4

Body type, color patterns, gaits & way of going are examples of what type of characteristics?

Breed characteristics Source: AYHC Horse Industry Handbook, 220-8

Define base narrow.

Horse stands closer at the ground than at the origin of the legs in the chest Source: AYHC Horse Industry Handbook, 230-2

Describe the "bow-legged" horse.

Wide at the knees, narrower at the feet Source: Horses and Horsemanship, Ensminger, p. 514

Base wide, narrow-chested horses have feet that are usually what?

Toed out Source: AYHC Horse Industry Handbook, 230-3

What is monkey-mouthed?

Undershot jaw Source: AYHC Horse Industry Handbook, 220-4

In reference to conformation, describe a horse that is "built downhill".

Height at hip is higher than the height of withers Source: The Horse, Evans, p. 135

What is the term for the physical appearance of an animal?

Conformation Source: AYHC Horse Industry Handbook, 220-1

What is goose rumped?

Having short, steep croup Source: Horses and Horsemanship (National 4-H Council), p. 9

What does it mean if a horse is slab sided?

Flat ribbed Source: Horses and Horsemanship (National 4-H Council), p. 9

What does the term bugeyed mean?

Eye protruding horse; horse usually can not see well Source: Horse Science (National 4-H Council), p. 8