2015 Senior Questions Flashcards
Explain level 6 of the Minnesota Horse Program Achievement Book.
The last step in the MN achievement program. Shown at the State Horse Show, a specific series of steps that the horse and rider must demonstrate, along with a ??
Describe what is meant by collection.
the shortening of the horses body length, caused by the rider driving the horse forward into the bit, flexing at the poll, raising the action, lowering the croup, and bringing hindquarters underneath. Horse is light an mobile, ready to respond to requests of the rider
What is a check rein?
A rein designed to keep the horses head in a certain position by attaching to the bridle and then to the saddle or harness
Describe what traces are.
In driving, the part of the harness that run from the collar to the single tree, the leather bands by which pressure is transferred from the collar to the vehicle
There are two types of lice that infest horses. Haematopinus asini and Damalinia equi. What is the difference between the two?
Haematopinus asini - bloodsucking Damalinia equi - biting
What is a canker and what causes it?
Infection of the hoof - found in horses housed in wet pastures.
What is a v spring and what is it used for?
A v shaped spring applied to the horses frog - to relieve hoof bar pressure
What is cushings disease?
A hormonal disorder causing abnormally long hair coat and abnormal shedding. The cause of Cushing’s disease in horses is a tumor found in the pituitary gland.
What is the integumentary system and what is it’s purpose?
It is the skin and hair that covers the horses body and forms the boundary between the horse and it’s environment. Important in thermoregulation (temperature). Provides protection from mechanical, chemical and physicial agents.
What is the protective layer of the hoof wall called?
Periople
When does a mare reach maximum milk production after foaling?
8-12 weeks
What is the difference between wheat germ and wheat bran?
Wheat germ is the part of the seed that will sprout and grow (inside part), wheat bran is the outer layer of the seed.
Allelomimetic or Mimicry behavior is common in horses. Desribe it.
Referred to as contagious or infectious behavior. Examples - run because another horse is running, a horse hard to catch in a group can result in other horses who are hard to catch. Wood chewing or playing.
What is investigative behavior?
Sensory inspection involving one or more of the senses - sight, touch, smell, hearing and sometimes taste. Must be completed before horse can accept something without apprehension.
Describe agonostic behavior.
All actions that are a result of or associated with conflict or fighting, includes aggresion, submission and attempts to escape.
Describe dominance hierachies.
Referred to as pecking order - established through agonistic behavior
What is azoturia disease?
Metabolic disorder - commonly known as tying up or Monday morning disease. Results in lameness and rigidiyt of the muscles of the loin.
What is a disease that was primarily observed in draft horses not worked on Sunday but given full feed.
Monday Morning Disease.
What is a random hitch.
A 3 horse hitch, 3 horses single file
What color of a horse would be referred to as sooty.
Bay
What breed of horse must be 5 years of age to be registered.
American Miniature
What is the normal pulse rate of a horse?
30-40 beats per minute
What is the normal temperate of a horse?
99 - 101 (100.5)
What is the normal respiration rate?
8-16 breaths per minute.
Where on the horse would you listen for gut sounds?
Cecum
What is a gaucho?
a spanish cowboy
What is a vaquero?
a mexican cowboy
What is the purpose of pasture?
To provide feed and to provide a space for exercise
What is a park horse?
a horse with a brilliant performance, style, presence, finish, balance and cadence
Why do Arabians have large hooves?
Evolved for traveling in dessert sands
Where would you find ringbone?
pastern
What a two ways to safely use pesticides
Use only pesticies approved for use on horses; follow the label carefully; avoid treating stressed, weak or sick animals; be aware of safe practices when mixing, storing or applying; properly dispose of empty containers
What is the badge of honor?
an award presented to riders competing in Prix des Nations competitions
What are the 3 strains of equine encephalomyelitis or sleeping sickness?
Eastern, Western and Venezuelan
What is a chukker?
period of play in polo - 7.5 minutes
What is a more common name for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
heaves- a respiratory disease caused by allergies, usually due to dusty/moldy hay or pollen
What breed of horse descended from North Carolina and Tennessee
Chickasaw Horse
The jockey club registers what breed of horses and from what countries
Throughbred - United States, Puerto Rico and Canada
What is degulation
swallowing
Describe how to properly lead a horse.
Approach from the left side - let the horse know you are there. Stand at the horses shoulder and hold the lead rope approximately 8 inches from the halter in your right hand. Hold the slack in your left hand but never wrap any part of the lead rope around any part of your body.
where should the halter band be fitted on a horse
2 finger widiths below the jaw
Describe pawing
Pawing is when the horse takes one of it’s front legs and scrapes the ground with it’s hoof - creating a depression in the ground.
Name the three foundation sires of the Thoroughbred
Bylery Turk, Godolphin Arabian, Darley Arabian
Who was the foundation sire of the American Quarter Horse
Janus
Who was the foundation sire of the Standardbred
Hambeltonian 10
What is the requirement for registry as a Standardbred
Trot a mile in 2:20
What breed is known as the peacock of the horse world?
American Saddlebred
Describe the saddleseat canter
3 beat gait - collected and consistent
What does green hay indicate
freshness, nutritional value, cut before over mature
what is a hand and how would you describe it
unit of measurement in horses and one hand = 4 inches
the shape or contour of the body or body structures; overall picture of the horse; symmetry and correctness of all parts of the body; the physicial structure as compared to an ideal
conformation
Name five items you would find in a stallion contract
signature of owners, breeding fee, live foal guarantee, mare’s name and registration number, stallions name and registration number, name and address of the mare’s owner, name/address stallion’s owner, type of breeding (hand breeding/artificial,
What are 3 ways to treat acute laminitis
stall on bed of clean, deep sand or deep shavings if sand unavailalbe; call vet and administer medications such as bute if prescribed for pain, determine cause of attack and remove it from diet; allow horse to stand in cool water
What is the purpose of a sweat sheet
to wick away sweat
What are hormones
a chemical substance produced in the body that has a specific effect on the activity or function of a certain organ
What is the difference betweeen veins, arteries and capillaries
Veins - takes blood back to heart – arteries-takes blood from heart to organs capillaries-the smallest vessel of the circulatory system forms a network in the body
What is a smooth mouthed horse
the smooth bitting surface of the upper and lower incisors after the cups have disappeared–indicates that a horse is older than 12
what is a hard mouth
describes the membranes of the bars of the mouth where the bit rests, which has become toughened and the nerves deadened because of continued pressure of the bit; horse becomes unresponsive
What is an egg shoe
horseshoe with a curved bar connecting the heels, giving shoe an egg shape. Provides support to the heel of the foot and the fetlock
What erms describes a horse race that finishes in a tie
dead heat
Desribe the term sunfisher
to buck and twist at the same time
What term describes a 3 horse hitch - 1 in the lead and two directly in front of the vehicle
spike team
What is a bug boy
apprectice jockey
Describe navicular disease
a chronic inflammation involving the navicular bone and other sensitive structures within the hoof; may involve deep flexor tendon; difficult to diagnose
What happens if a horse is malnurished in the first 12 months
it can impact the growth of the horse and may not mature to the size it had to potenital to become
What is the proper ratio of the length of the back to the underline
The back should be twice as long as the underline 2:1
What 3 breeds descended from the Spanish Conquisitors
Paso Fino, Peruvian Paso, Spanish Mustang?
Who said the outside of a horse is good for the inside of a man
Will Rodgers
Name 4 qualities of a foaling stall
roomy (minimum of 12X16 or 16x20, well ventilated, mare can be observed without disruption, adequate lighting, isolated from the rest of the barn
what is the term that describes a horse bent at the head
flexion
Why would you use skid boots
to prevent abrasion and burns when horse is performing a sliding stop
What should you do if your horse approaches a scary object?
allow the horse to investigate so that the horse can accept the item in the future without sustained apprehension
What are the parts of the mare’s reproductive tract?
2 ovaries, 2 fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, vagina, clitoris, and vulva
What confirmation defect would be found for a horse that is base narrow?
Interfering???
Where does the foal develop?
Uterus
What is the pulse of a normal yearling?
40-60 beats per minute
What is the pulse of a mature horse?
28-40 beats per minute
Describe a side pass?
moving the horse sideways, with no forward movement - the horse should step with both the forequarters and hindquarters moving together
What is sand colic?
abdominal pain due to sand collecting in the large intestine and causing a partial or complete obstruction
What is the nature and termperament the horse possess; a horse’s general attitude toward his handlers and other horses
disposition
At what age does the horse reach puberty?
state of sexual maturity - mares 12-15 months
What signs will the mare show if she is in estrus and receptive to the stallion?
Mare is interested in and receptive to stallion, may allow stallion to sniff, nuzzle and bite her on the flank, neck and perinal area. Stance charcterized by raised tail without switching, hind legs spread apart and pelvis flexed. Vulva will contract and relax (referred to as winking). Mares in estrus will urinate frequently when teased.
What is the length of the estrus cycle?
21-23 days
What is the average gestation period in a horse?
335-340 days
What does presence of the hormone MPSG or equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) indicate?
pregnancy
what is a sport horse
purebred or cross bred horse suitable for dressage, eventing, jumping and endurance
Where are vitamins (A, D, E, K-fat soluble) and B vitamins absorbed?
small intestine
Where would you check the capillary refill time and what would be normal?
time required for normal blood flow to return to the gums after pressure is applied
What is a cavy?
collection of horses
What is a chadwick spring?
V shaped steel spring fitted to the bottom of the hoof-keeps constant pressure on the bars of the foot
What is the name of the procedures in which the lips of the mare’s vulva are sutured together to prevent infectious contaminants from being introduced to the reproductive tract?
Caslicks procedure
Where would you take your horses digital pulse rate?
either inside or outside back of the fetlock joint
Where in the stallion do sperm cells develop?
Testes
What is the condition of the eye when the eye has no brown pigment
Walleyed
What are corns?
Caused by constant irriation to a part of the sole, usually from poor shoeing practices. Can develop a lesion and may require the foot to be trimmed to relieve pressure.
What bit is considered to be the most severe of the western curb bits?
Spade
What is the common term for equine periodic opthalmia?
Moon blindness
What is the purpose of adding stickers or “mud clalks” to the heel of a racing plate?
to increase traction on a muddy racetrack.
What is the common term for the ossification of the lateral cartilages of the distal phalanx?
sidebones
Giving the horse more selenium, vitamin E and reducing grain intake o the days the horse is idle are nutritional preventatives for what metabolic disorder in horses?
tying up - Monday morning sickness - azoturia - recurrent exertional rhabdomyolysis
identify four reasons for using a saddle blanket or pad
to protect the horses back, to absorb sweat or moisture, to protect the saddle, to help the saddle fit better
what does the term indian broke indicate?
the horse is trained to allow mounting from the off side or from both sides
describe a unicorn hitch
two horses hitched as a pair with a third in front of them
what gait defect is seen in pigeon-toed horses
paddling or winging out
what is the common term for secretion produced by the lacrimal glands
tears
how does a horse reposition their head to better visualize objects that are far away
the horse lowers their head
What type of brand will be white in color?
freeze brand
What is the name of the horse that was assigned the first permanent registration in the AQHA?
Whimpy P-1
What does the term trappy describe in regards to a way of going?
short, quick, high and choppy stride
A foal that is being weaned will call for its dam. This would be categorized as what type of behavior ?
et-epimeletic behavior
What is the common name for Oxyuris equi?
pinworms
What is the name of the famous endurance trail ride that takes place in California and is ridden over the former route of the Pony Express?
Tevis Cup
What organ recieves oxygenated blood from the renal artery?
kidney
What would be added to the shoes of pack horses and mules to extend the life of the shoes?
borium
How does a straight shoulder affect the length of the back?
the straighter the shoulder the longer the back
What is the term for chronic dermatitis that occurs from inflammation of the back of the pastern?
grease-heel - scratches - grease or mud fever
What gland produces the hormone epinephrine?
adrenal gland
What term refers to the middle team of horses in a 6 horse hitch?
swing team
What is the common or slang term for equine infectious anemia?
swamp fever
What type of bar shoe would be used for the treatment of navicular disease?
egg bar
What test would be indicated for a horse suspected of having equine infectious anemia?
Coggins
What is the common term for the deformity of the jaw referred to as prognathia?
Monkey mouth
What is the cry of the hunt once the fox has been sighted?
tally ho
Which breed is known as the ?Prince of Ponies? and ?aristocrat of the show ring??
Hackney pony
In general, what determines the severity of a snaffle bit?
Diameter (thickness) of the mouthpiece (smaller the diameter the more severe)
What type of knot forms the eye of a lariat?
Honda
What breed is born brown, mouse grey or black-brown, but typically turns white between the ages of 6 and 10?
lippizzan
What are the two species of lice that infest the horse?
Bloodsucking (Sucking) and Biting
When introducing new horses into a herd? bio-security? measures would include isolating the new horses for a minimum of how many days?
14 days minimum
Give the complete zoological classification of the horse.
Kingdom-Animalia; Phylum-Chordata; Class-Mammalia; Order-Perisodactyla; Family-Equidae; Genus-Equus; Species
