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Horse bowl > Kentucky-Senior-Anatomy > Flashcards

Kentucky-Senior-Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

How much does the hoof wall grow per month?

A

1/8 to 1/2 inch

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2
Q

What sense in the horse functions with the following components: an auricle, tympanic cavity,
anvil, hammer and stirrup?

A

Hearing

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3
Q

Do the front legs or hind legs have the most joints in it?

A

Hind (7)

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4
Q

Which is a more serious condition, toed-in or toed-out?

A

Toed-out

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5
Q

What is the junction of the wall and the sole called?

A

White line

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6
Q

What term describes a horse that has a complete set of permanent incisors?

A

Full mouth

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7
Q

What describes the point of the frog towards to the toe?

A

Apex

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8
Q

The horse has how many cervical vertebrae?

A

Seven

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9
Q

What is the largest tissue mass in the horse’s body?

A

Muscles

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10
Q

What is the external part of the ear called?

A

Auricle

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11
Q

The first upper premolars are also called what?

A

Wolf teeth

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12
Q

What part of the horse’s skeleton consists of the skull, spinal column, ribs and
breastbone?

A

Trunk

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13
Q

Name the rear teeth or grinding teeth of the horse.

A

Molars

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14
Q

How many bones does the horse have?

A

205

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15
Q

How many teeth does a mature male horse have?

A

40

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16
Q

What is the name of the first cervical vertebrae?

A

Atlas

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17
Q

Name the cone-shaped muscular organ located between the lungs which propels blood
by alternate muscular contraction and relaxation.

A

Heart

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18
Q

What is the function of the short bones?

A

To absorb concussion

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19
Q

What and where is the ergot?

A

Small round, horny growth at the back of a horse’s fetlock.

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20
Q

What are ossified lateral cartilages immediately above and toward the rear quarter of the
hoof head?

A

Sidebones

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21
Q

How many chambers in a horse’s heart?

A

Four

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22
Q

The increased height of the 3rd, 4th, and 5th thoracic vertebrae make up the what?

A

The withers

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23
Q

What should be the widest part of the hindquarters?

A

The stifle

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24
Q

What is made possible by the action of bone levers, joint hinges, and tendon cables, and
the contraction of muscles?

A

Motion

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25
Q

Which jaw is wider in the horse, upper or lower?

A

Upper

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26
Q

Where do splints usually occur and why?

A

On the inside of the front legs because they receive the most weight

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27
Q

Where are the uterine horns located?

A

The abdominal cavity

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28
Q

Name the largest bone in the horse’s face.

A

Mandible (lower jaw bone)

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29
Q

In what area of the horse would you find the pectoral muscles?

A

Chest

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30
Q

What is the horse’s counterpart to the human knee?

A

The stifle

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31
Q

How many muscles control the movement of the horse’s eyeball?

A

7

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32
Q

Name the bone of the foot enclosed within the hoof.

A

Coffin bone

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33
Q

How many bones compose the sternum?

A

1

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34
Q

The V shaped pad in the middle of the sole.

A

Frog

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35
Q

This term refers to the smooth biting surface of the upper and lower incisors after the cups have
disappeared at 12 years of age.

A

Smooth mouth

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36
Q

What joint is commonly referred to as the yes-no joint?

A

The atlas-axis joint (joint between the 1st and 2nd vertebrae)

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37
Q

How are the muscles in the horse classified?

A

Smooth, cardiac and skeletal

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38
Q

What is the triangular sesamoid bone situated at the front of the stifle?

A

Patella or knee cap

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39
Q

What term is used to describe a foot axis of 60 degrees or more?

A

Club Foot

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40
Q

T/F The frog is relatively soft because it contains approximately 50 percent water.

A

True

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41
Q

The navicular bone and bursa are associated with which tendon?

A

Deep flexor tendon

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42
Q

What are the three weight bearing structures of the foot?

A

Wall, bars, and frog

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43
Q

What percent of a horse’s weight is carried on its forequarters?

A

60-65%

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44
Q

Besides the star, name four other markings on the face.

A

Stripe, blaze, snip, bald face, star and stripe,flame

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45
Q

What is the common name of the scapula?

A

Shoulder blade

46
Q

What three items make up the central nervous system?

A

Brain, brain stem, spinal cord

47
Q

Where would one find the coccygeal vertebrae part of the spinal column?

A

Tail, caudal

48
Q

What is another name of the distal sesamoid bone?

A

Navicular bone

49
Q

What is the structure that surrounds and protects the eye?

A

Orbital cavity

50
Q

What is the name of the tract that is a musculo-membranous tube that extends from the
mouth to the anus?

A

Gastrointestinal tract

51
Q

What are the two functions of the body of the horse?

A

Contains vital organs, supports the rider’s weight; transmits the propulsion of the rear quarters

52
Q

What structure begins the healing process when a bone fracture occurs?

A

Periosteum

53
Q

Dark spots on a white coronet band are called what?

A

Distal spots

54
Q

What is the lining of the abdominal wall called?

A

Peritoneum

55
Q

The walls of the heart are composed of three layers. What are they?

A

Pericardium
Endocardium
Myocardium

56
Q

What are the small extensions of bone on each side of the coffin bone called?

A

Wings of the coffin bone

57
Q

Which artery carries oxygen poor blood from the heart to the lungs?

A

Pulmonary

58
Q

Q.: The blood supply to the foot is furnished by what two digital arteries?

A

A.: Medial and lateral

59
Q

Q.: What is osteomalacia?

A

A.: Soft bones

60
Q

Q.: What is the primary function of the sole of the horse’s foot?

A

A.: To protect the sensitive inner foot parts from injury by hard objects on the ground

61
Q

Q.: What is the pharynx?

A

A.: The opening between the nasal passages

62
Q

Q.: What acts as a splint to prevent displacement of the fibula?

A

A.: Tibia

63
Q

Q.: What is the main bone in the Gaskin?

A

A.: Tibia

64
Q

Q.: What is a common name for the distal sesamoid bone?

A

A.: Shuttle or Navicular bone

65
Q

Q.: Equus appeared in what epoch?

A

A.: Pleistocene Epoch

66
Q

Q.: What is a common name for torticollis?

A

A.: Dropped neck or bent back

67
Q

Q.: How is the scapula attached to the vertebral column?

A

A.: Muscular sling - by muscle; no bone connection

68
Q

Q.: What does the term “roached back” mean when describing a horse?

A

A.: That the horse has a thin, sharp, arched back

69
Q

Q.: The inflammation affecting the fine membrane that lines the chest and covers the lungs is known as what?

A

A.: Pleurisy, Pleuritis

70
Q

Q.: What is the largest ligament found in the leg?

A

A.: Suspensory ligament

71
Q

Q.: If something was said to be intercostal, where would it be located?

A

A.: Between the ribs

72
Q

Q.: What is the proper name for the horse’s shoulder blade?

A

A.: Scapula

73
Q

Q.: What is the horse’s auricle?

A

A.: External ear, or heart chamber

74
Q

Q.: Muscles are attached to bones by what?

A

A.: Tendons

75
Q

Q.: The ossa coxarum of a horse is also known as what?

A

A.: The pelvis or hipbones

76
Q

Q.: Name the four major parts of the hoof.

A

A.: Bones, elastic structure, sensitive area, horny wall

77
Q

Q.: What is olecranon bursitis?

A

A.: Capped elbow or shoe boil

78
Q

Q.: Where is the hypothalamus located?

A

A.: At the base of the brain

79
Q

Q.: What is the difference between the 8 pairs of true ribs and the remaining 10 pairs of floating ribs?

A

A.: The true ribs join segments of the sternum (Breast bone) the floating ribs overlap and attach to each other

80
Q

Q.: How many carpal bones are there in the knee and how are they arranged?

A

A.: 8 carpal bones, arranged in two rows consisting of 3 articulating surfaces

81
Q

Q.: What is the fluid-filled space between the iris and cornea called?

A

A.: Anterior chamber

82
Q

Q.: How many turbinates are in each nostril?

A

A.: Three

83
Q

Q.: In what part of the body would one find the nictitating membrane?

A

A.: In the eye (the haw or third eyelid)

84
Q

Q.: Why is the lower leg of the horse used to estimate bone quality?

A

A.: No muscle there

85
Q

Q.: If a horse is sickle-hocked, excessive strain will be placed on what ligament?

A

A.: The plantar ligament at the rear of the hock

86
Q

Q.: Name three cranial nerves.

A

A.: Olfactory, Optic, Oculomotor, Trochlear, Trigeminal, Abducens, Facial,

87
Q

Vestibulocochlear, Glossopharyngeal, Accessory, Hypoglossal, Vagus

A

Q.: Which teeth have a dental star?

88
Q

A.: (Permanent) Incisors

A

Q.: What are the five divisions of the vertebral column and how many bones does each area

89
Q

Q.: What are the five divisions of the vertebral column and how many bones does each area contain?

A

A.: Cervical or neck - 7; dorsal or back - 18; lumbar or loin - 6; Coccygeal or tail - 18; sacrum or croup - 6

90
Q

Q.: The frontal, inferior maxillary and superior maxillary all refer to what in the horse?

A

A.: The three sinuses

91
Q

Q.: Name the seven joints in the hind quarter.

A

A.: Sacro-iliac, Hip, Stifle, Hock, Fetlock, Pastern, Coffin

92
Q

Q.: These two joints in the rear leg have reciprocal action. Name them.

A

A.: Hock and stifle

93
Q

Q.: What is the white line in the hoof?

A

A.: Junction between the sensitive and insensitive laminae

94
Q

Q.: What is the purpose of the nictitating membrane in the horse?

A

A.: To wipe foreign objects from the eye

95
Q

Q.: As you know, the muscles of the horse’s body are classified as smooth, cardiac, and skeletal. Which are involuntary and which are voluntary?

A

A.: Smooth - involuntary ; Cardiac - involuntary; Skeletal - voluntary

96
Q

Q.: What is the track-like structure on which the patella rides ?

A

A.: Trochlea

97
Q

Q.: The skeletal system is divided into 6 areas in Horses and Horsemanship by Ensminger, what two areas each contain 40 bones?

A

A.: Thoracic Limbs and Pelvic Limbs

98
Q

Q.: Name the ductless gland located in the upper part of the abdominal cavity between the stomach and the diaphragm.

A

A.: Spleen

99
Q

Q.: This fluid fills the sheaths which fits around the tendons and lines the inside of joints. What is it called?

A

A.: Synovial fluid

100
Q

Q.: The exposed tip of the pulp cavity which appears between the area of the cup and the front of the tooth is known as what?

A

A.: Dental star

101
Q

Q.: What are the four different types of bones in the body of the horse and what is their function?

A

A.: Long Bones - function chiefly as levers and aid in the support of weight and locomotion; Short Bones - absorb concussion; Flat Bones - enclose the cavities contain vital organs; Irregular Bones - Protect central nervous system

102
Q

Q.: Name the three layers of the wall surrounding the heart.

A

A.: Pericardium, myocardium, endocardium

103
Q

Q.: Gonitis affects what part of the horse?

A

A.: The stifle joint

104
Q

Q.: A cataract is formed when what portion of the eye becomes opaque?

A

A.: The lens

105
Q

Q.: What is the difference between luxation and subluxation?

A

A.: A partial dislocation of a joint is subluxation; complete is luxation

106
Q

Q.: What is the name and function of the substance contained in the anterior chamber of the eye?

A

A.: Aqueous humor - circulates through chambers, aiding nutrition and vision, retains shape of eye, refracts light

107
Q

Q.: Name the three bones within the hoof.

A

A.: Short Pastern Bone, Coffin Bone, Navicular Bone

108
Q

Q.: Specifically, what part of the foot produces the periople?

A

A.: Perioplic Corium

109
Q

Q.: What are the first two cervical vertebrae called?

A

A.: Atlas & axis

110
Q

Q.: What is the name of the flap of tissue that covers the opening into the windpipe during swallowing?

A

A.: Epiglottis

111
Q

Q.: What is the name of the longest and largest muscle in the body of the horse?

A

A.: Longissimus dorsi

112
Q

Q.: If something was said to be interosseus where would it be located on the horse?

A

A.: Between bones

Horse bowl (48 decks)

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