TEAS 7 - Science (States of Matter and Phase Changes) Flashcards
A ___ is a state of matter that has a definite shape and volume because the bonds between the molecules or atoms within the structure are strong
solid
When the particles of solids are in a regular arrangement, what are they called?
crystalline
A ___ is a state of matter that has an indefinite volume and shape because there are usually no bonds between the molecules or atoms within the substance.
gas
A ___ is a state of matter that has a definite volume but an undefined shape because there are weak bonds between the molecules or atoms within the substance
liquid
Solids have a definite ___ and ___, the substances have high density, and the particles do ___ flow around.
shape
volume
not
What are the most common states of matter?
solid, liquid, and gas
The state of matter of a substance depends on the strength of the ___ ___ between its particles.
intermolecular forces
The ___ is the quantity of matter in a particular unit or amount of volume.
density
When the particles of solids are in an irregular arrangement, what are they considered to be?
amorphous
Solids can be crystalline if the particles follow a ___ arrangement and amorphous when the particles have an ___ arrangement.
regular
irregular
The ___ ___ ___ are the different phases or states in which matter can exist.
states of matter
When matter is in a ___ state, the particles are very close together, joined by strong intermolecular forces.
solid
The compressibility of solids is ___ because the particles are already close together. This basically means that they ___ easily be “squished down.”
low
cannot
___ ___ are forces of attraction that bond molecules with other molecules
Intermolecular forces
In a solid state, what is the strength of intermolecular forces?
strong
In a liquid state, what is the strength of intermolecular forces?
liquid substances are still joined by intermolecular forces, but they are not as strong as solids.
Liquids have a ___ volume and an ___ shape and typically take on the shape of their container.
definite
indefinite
Liquid substances are still joined by intermolecular forces, but they are not as strong as in ___.
solids
Think about the different types of containers we use with water. The water always takes the ___ of the specific container we put it into.
shape
Liquids have ___ compressibility (can’t “squish” it easily) and ___ volume (the volume of the liquid doesn’t change).
low
defined
In a gaseous state, what is the strength of intermolecular forces?
very weak
Gases have particles that have very ___ intermolecular forces.
weak
Gases are also ___ compressible (they can be easily “squished down”). This means that they can also expand if the size of the container changes.
highly
Gases have particles that have very weak intermolecular forces, which means that gases have an ___ (undefined) shape and volume.
weak
indefinite
The molecules in gases tend to move about ___ and occupy the entirety of their container. If the container is open, the gas molecules will ___ through that opening.
freely
escape
Liquids, however, have molecules that are ___ as tightly packed together. They have ___ room to move around. This is why liquids can ___ and take the shape of their container, while solids have a fixed shape.
not
more
flow
Of the 3 states of matter, which of these is highly compressible?
gas
Visualize this: Think about a group of people standing close together in a small room. If you add more people to the room, they would have to squeeze closer to fit in. The same thing happens with the molecules in a solid. They are ___ packed together and don’t have much room to move around.
This is why solids are ___ dense than liquids and gases.
tightly
more
What is a good way to remember what density is?
it is the measure of how many “things” (particles of mass) are present in a set volume or space
Solids are typically more dense than liquids because their molecules are packed ___ together
closer
Solids are typically (more/less) dense than liquids.
more
So, since the molecules in solids are more closely packed together, they have more ___ (particles) within a particular unit of volume than liquids, giving them a ___ density.
mass
higher
Consider a piece of metal. The same amount of the metal melted and turned into a liquid. The solid metal will be ___ than the liquid metal because its molecules are packed together tightly.
denser
Of the three states of matter, which one is the least dense?
gases
Of the three states of matter, which one is the most dense?
solids
Gases are the ___ dense of the three states of matter because their molecules are the ___ apart from each other.
least
furthest
Unlike solids and liquids, gases have a lot of space between their molecules, which makes them ___ dense.
less
Why are gases the least dense of the three states of matter?
because their molecules are the furthest apart from each other
What makes gases less dense?
they have a lot of space between their molecules
When you blow up a balloon, you are filling it with gas. The gas molecules inside the balloon are spread out and have a lot of space between them. This is why a balloon filled with gas is ___ heavy than a balloon filled with water (a liquid) or a balloon filled with sand (a solid).
less
To sum it all up – gases have the ___ density because their molecules are widely spaced apart, liquids have a ___ density than gases because their molecules are closer together, and solids have the ___ density because their molecules are tightly packed together.
lowest
higher
highest
Correctly fill in the correct information for each characteristic of Liquids:
- density: __
- compressibility: ___
- molecular motion: ___
- shape: ___
- volume: ___
For Liquids
- density: Intermediate
- compressibility: Low
- molecular motion: Intermediate
- shape: Not Fixed (Indefinite)
- volume: Fixed
A solid is a state of matter that has a ___ shape and volume because the bonds between the molecules or atoms within the structure are ___.
definite
strong
___ is the process that turns a solid into a liquid.
Melting
A gas is a state of matter that has an ___ volume and shape because there are usually ___ bonds between the molecules or atoms within the substance
indefinite
no
___ is the process that turns a liquid into a gas.
Vaporization
A liquid is a state of matter that has a ___ volume but an ___ shape because there are ___ bonds between the molecules or atoms within the substance
definite
undefined
weak
Correctly fill in the correct information for each characteristic of Solids:
- density: __
- compressibility: ___
- molecular motion: ___
- shape: ___
- volume: ___
For Solids
- density: High
- compressibility: No
- molecular motion: Low
- shape: Fixed
- volume: Fixed
___ is the process that turns a solid into a gas.
Sublimation
Correctly fill in the correct information for each characteristic of Gases:
- density: __
- compressibility: ___
- molecular motion: ___
- shape: ___
- volume: ___
For Gases
- density: Low
- compressibility: High
- molecular motion: High
- shape: Not Fixed (Indefinite)
- volume: Not Fixed (Indefinite)
___ is the process that turns a liquid into a solid.
Freezing
___ is the process that turns a gas into a liquid.
Condensation
___ is the process that turns a gas into a solid.
Deposition
An ___ process is a process that requires an input of energy to happen.
endothermic process
An ___ process is a process that releases energy to happen.
exothermic process
Phase changes involve the breaking or forming of ___ ___.
intermolecular bonds
The process of changing from one state of matter to the other is known as a phase ___ or phase ___.
transition
change
Melting is the transition from a ___ to a ___.
solid, liquid
When a solid is heated, its particles absorb energy and move around ___.
more
At a specific temperature, the intermolecular forces that hold the particles in place are ___, and the substance starts to melt and become a ___.
overcome
liquid
Remember from our previous lesson that solids have the ___ intermolecular bonds, which gives them their defined shape and volume. As those bonds break, the substances become more ___ and have less of a defined shape but still a defined volume.
strongest
fluid
Melting is an (endothermic/exothermic) process.
endothermic process
The point at which temperature remains constant is known as the “___ ___” and is unique for each substance.
Melting point
You can measure the melting point of a substance by slowly heating a small amount of the solid and recording the temperature when it turns into a ___.
liquid
Freezing is the ___ of melting.
opposite
___ is the process of a liquid turning into a solid by releasing heat as intermolecular bonds are formed.
Freezing
Freezing is an (endothermic/exothermic) process.
exothermic
Freezing is the process of a liquid turning into a solid by ___ heat as intermolecular bonds are formed. This is an ___ process since heat is released as it takes place.
releasing
exothermic
The melting and freezing points occur at the ___ temperature.
same
___ is the transition from a liquid to a gas
Vaporization
The melting and freezing points occur at the same temperature. How is this possible?
Remember, these processes are the opposite of one another. Consider water – its melting point is 32oF, so that’s the temperature where the solid form turns into liquid because there is enough heat coming in to break those bonds between the molecules in the solid. It’s also the temperature at which the liquid would begin to turn back into a solid because the liquid has cooled enough that the bonds between the molecules start to become fixed and stable.
Vaporization is the transition from a liquid to a gas by the ___ of heat by the liquid to break its intermolecular bonds.
absorption
Vaporization is an (endothermic/exothermic) process.
endothermic
Vaporization is an ___ process since the system absorbs ___ to break the bonds between the molecules in the liquid.
endothermic
heat
What is the point where a liquid turns into a gas known as?
the boiling point
The point where a liquid turns into a gas is known as the “___ ___” and is ___ for each substance.
boiling point
unique
Condensation is the ___ of vaporization.
opposite
___ is the process of gas turning into liquid by releasing heat as intermolecular bonds are formed.
Condensation
Condensation is an (endothermic/exothermic) process.
exothermic
Condensation is the process of gas turning into liquid by ___ heat as intermolecular bonds are formed. This is an ___ process
releasing
exothermic
In addition to temperature, ___ can also play a critical role in phase changes.
pressure
Condensation and vaporization occur at the ___ temperature.
same
What is the point at which all three phases of matter exist at the same time?
triple point
Temperature has an impact on how much molecules move. The higher the temperature, the ___ the molecules move, and the further apart they go. The lower the temperature, the ___ the molecules move and the closer together they are.
Pressure, however, has the ___ effect. An increase in pressure brings molecules closer together. A ___ in pressure moves molecules further apart.
more
less
opposite
decrease
What works in tandem with temperature but has an opposite effect?
pressure
At the ___ ___, all three phases of matter can exist in equilibrium (at the same time).
triple point
What is the triple point?
the point at which all three phases of matter exist at the same time
Is there a liquid phase in sublimation?
No
Sublimation is a phase change that occurs in solids with unusually ___ vapor pressure.
high
In ___ solid turns into gas.
sublimation
Sublimation is an (endothermic/exothermic) process.
endothermic
Dry ice (solid CO2) changing directly to gas at room temperature is a typical example of ___.
sublimation
Deposition is the ___ of sublimation.
opposite
___ is the process of a gas turning into a solid.
Deposition
In extremely cold temperatures, when water vapor turns directly into solid ice crystals, such as the frost on your windshield in the winter, this is an example of ___.
deposition
___ is the process that turns a liquid into a gas.
Vaporization
___ is a type of vaporization that turns the liquid particles at the surface of a liquid substance into a gas.
Evaporation
Deposition is an (endothermic/exothermic) process.
exothermic
___ ___ is the energy associated with the movement of the particles of a substance.
Heat energy
___ ___ is the force exerted by the weight of the air above a certain area of the Earth’s surface.
Atmospheric pressure
Evaporation is a ___ phenomenon, which means it only involves the particles at the surface of the liquid.
surface
When a liquid turns into a gas before the temperature of the entire liquid reaches its boiling point, the phase change is known as ___ instead of vaporization.
evaporation
___ means the entire liquid has reached its boiling point whereas ___ means that only the liquid at the surface has reached its boiling point.
Vaporization
Evaporation
As more heat energy is applied to the liquid, the molecules at the surface will move ___ and will transition to the gas phase ___.
faster
faster
If a puddle of water is left out in the open, how long will it take before all the water evaporates? What does it depend on?
- temperature
- atmospheric pressure
- surface area
If there is a large surface area, it will ___ ___ evaporation since there will be more particles of liquid at the surface.
speed up
As the atmospheric pressure increases, more gas molecules will push down against the surface of the liquid, and the rate of evaporation will ___ ___.
slow down
___ is the process that turns a gas into a liquid.
Condensation
___ is the process that turns a liquid into a gas
Evaporation
___ is the falling down of liquid water from clouds in the form of rain.
Precipitation
For condensation to occur, gas particles must come ___ together. The forces that hold particles together are known as ___ ___.
closer
intermolecular forces
The ___ cycle is the combination of processes that allow for the movement of water throughout the Earth and the atmosphere.
hydrologic cycle
The hydrolic cycle is also known as the water cycle. (T/F).
True
The most important processes related to the hydrologic cycle are ___ (when water turns from liquid to gas) and ___ (when water turns from gas to liquid).
evaporation
condensation
When the condensed droplets become large, water falls down back to the earth in the form of ___ (rain).
precipitation
Which of the following states of matter has a definite shape as well as a definite volume?
Solid
Which of the following is correct about liquids?
Liquids take the shape of the container that they are kept in.
Which of the following can take the shape of the container?
Liquid Water
Which statement best describes the difference between the molecular organization of liquids and solids?
The molecules in a liquid are farther apart than the molecules in a solid.
Which of the following is incorrect about the gaseous state of matter?
Gases are incompressible.
- Because the molecules in a gas are very loosely packed, gases are very compressible.
Which statement best describes the difference between the molecular organization of gases and liquids?
The molecules in a gas are farther apart than the molecules in a liquid.
Which statement best describes the difference between the movement of molecules in solids vs liquids?
The molecules in a solid are less free to move than molecules in a liquid.
Which statement best describes the difference between the movement of molecules in liquids vs gases?
The movement of molecules in a liquid is more restricted than the movement of molecules in a gas.
Which of the following is true about the difference between evaporation and transpiration?
Evaporation occurs in non-living matter and transpiration occurs in living matter.
The process of changing a liquid to a gas is called _______.
Vaporization
Identify the correct statement about the effect of temperature on the state of matter.
Heat weakens the intermolecular forces between the molecules.
Which of the following represents the process of condensation?
Gas → Liquid + Heat
Sublimation is a process by which ___________.
Solid is converted into gas
The change of liquid water to ice is an example of _______.
Freezing
What happens when the temperature of a substance in any state of matter is increased?
The molecules of the substance move further apart.
If pressure is applied to a substance in any state of matter the molecules of the substance will:
move closer together and become tightly packed.
What happens at the critical point of a substance?
The liquid and gaseous state of the substance coexist.
What happens at the triple point of a substance?
The solid, liquid, and gaseous states of the substance all coexist.
