TEAS 7 - Science (States of Matter and Phase Changes)

Question 1

A ___ is a state of matter that has a definite shape and volume because the bonds between the molecules or atoms within the structure are strong

Answer 1

solid

Question 2

When the particles of solids are in a regular arrangement, what are they called?

Answer 2

crystalline

Question 2

A ___ is a state of matter that has an indefinite volume and shape because there are usually no bonds between the molecules or atoms within the substance.

Answer 2

gas

Question 2

A ___ is a state of matter that has a definite volume but an undefined shape because there are weak bonds between the molecules or atoms within the substance

Answer 2

liquid

Question 2

Solids have a definite ___ and ___, the substances have high density, and the particles do ___ flow around.

Answer 2

shape

volume

not

Question 3

What are the most common states of matter?

Answer 3

solid, liquid, and gas

Question 3

The state of matter of a substance depends on the strength of the ___ ___ between its particles.

Answer 3

intermolecular forces

Question 3

The ___ is the quantity of matter in a particular unit or amount of volume.

Answer 3

density

Question 4

When the particles of solids are in an irregular arrangement, what are they considered to be?

Answer 4

amorphous

Question 4

Solids can be crystalline if the particles follow a ___ arrangement and amorphous when the particles have an ___ arrangement.

Answer 4

regular

irregular

Question 5

The ___ ___ ___ are the different phases or states in which matter can exist.

Answer 5

states of matter

Question 5

When matter is in a ___ state, the particles are very close together, joined by strong intermolecular forces.

Answer 5

solid

Question 5

The compressibility of solids is ___ because the particles are already close together. This basically means that they ___ easily be “squished down.”

Answer 5

low

cannot

Question 6

___ ___ are forces of attraction that bond molecules with other molecules

Answer 6

Intermolecular forces

Question 7

In a solid state, what is the strength of intermolecular forces?

Answer 7

strong

Question 8

In a liquid state, what is the strength of intermolecular forces?

Answer 8

liquid substances are still joined by intermolecular forces, but they are not as strong as solids.

Question 8

Liquids have a ___ volume and an ___ shape and typically take on the shape of their container.

Answer 8

definite

indefinite

Question 9

Liquid substances are still joined by intermolecular forces, but they are not as strong as in ___.

Answer 9

solids

Question 9

Think about the different types of containers we use with water. The water always takes the ___ of the specific container we put it into.

Answer 9

shape

Question 9

Liquids have ___ compressibility (can’t “squish” it easily) and ___ volume (the volume of the liquid doesn’t change).

Answer 9

low

defined

Question 10

In a gaseous state, what is the strength of intermolecular forces?

Answer 10

very weak

Question 10

Gases have particles that have very ___ intermolecular forces.

Answer 10

weak

Question 10

Gases are also ___ compressible (they can be easily “squished down”). This means that they can also expand if the size of the container changes.

Answer 10

highly

Question 10

Gases have particles that have very weak intermolecular forces, which means that gases have an ___ (undefined) shape and volume.

Answer 10

weak

indefinite

Question 10

The molecules in gases tend to move about ___ and occupy the entirety of their container. If the container is open, the gas molecules will ___ through that opening.

Answer 10

freely

escape

Question 10

Liquids, however, have molecules that are ___ as tightly packed together. They have ___ room to move around. This is why liquids can ___ and take the shape of their container, while solids have a fixed shape.

Answer 10

not

more

flow

Question 11

Of the 3 states of matter, which of these is highly compressible?

Answer 11

gas

Question 11

Visualize this: Think about a group of people standing close together in a small room. If you add more people to the room, they would have to squeeze closer to fit in. The same thing happens with the molecules in a solid. They are ___ packed together and don’t have much room to move around.

This is why solids are ___ dense than liquids and gases.

Answer 11

tightly

more

Question 11

What is a good way to remember what density is?

Answer 11

it is the measure of how many “things” (particles of mass) are present in a set volume or space

Question 11

Solids are typically more dense than liquids because their molecules are packed ___ together

Answer 11

closer

Question 11

Solids are typically (more/less) dense than liquids.

Answer 11

more

Question 11

So, since the molecules in solids are more closely packed together, they have more ___ (particles) within a particular unit of volume than liquids, giving them a ___ density.

Answer 11

mass

higher

Question 11

Consider a piece of metal. The same amount of the metal melted and turned into a liquid. The solid metal will be ___ than the liquid metal because its molecules are packed together tightly.

Answer 11

denser

Question 11

Of the three states of matter, which one is the least dense?

Answer 11

gases

Question 11

Of the three states of matter, which one is the most dense?

Answer 11

solids

Question 11

Gases are the ___ dense of the three states of matter because their molecules are the ___ apart from each other.

Answer 11

least

furthest

Question 12

Unlike solids and liquids, gases have a lot of space between their molecules, which makes them ___ dense.

Answer 12

less

Question 12

Why are gases the least dense of the three states of matter?

Answer 12

because their molecules are the furthest apart from each other

Question 12

What makes gases less dense?

Answer 12

they have a lot of space between their molecules

Question 13

When you blow up a balloon, you are filling it with gas. The gas molecules inside the balloon are spread out and have a lot of space between them. This is why a balloon filled with gas is ___ heavy than a balloon filled with water (a liquid) or a balloon filled with sand (a solid).

Answer 13

less

Question 14

To sum it all up – gases have the ___ density because their molecules are widely spaced apart, liquids have a ___ density than gases because their molecules are closer together, and solids have the ___ density because their molecules are tightly packed together.

Answer 14

lowest

higher

highest

Question 15

Correctly fill in the correct information for each characteristic of Liquids:

• density: __
• compressibility: ___
• molecular motion: ___
• shape: ___
• volume: ___

Answer 15

For Liquids

• density: Intermediate
• compressibility: Low
• molecular motion: Intermediate
• shape: Not Fixed (Indefinite)
• volume: Fixed

Question 15

A solid is a state of matter that has a ___ shape and volume because the bonds between the molecules or atoms within the structure are ___.

Answer 15

definite

strong

Question 15

___ is the process that turns a solid into a liquid.

Answer 15

Melting

Question 15

A gas is a state of matter that has an ___ volume and shape because there are usually ___ bonds between the molecules or atoms within the substance

Answer 15

indefinite

no

Question 15

___ is the process that turns a liquid into a gas.

Answer 15

Vaporization

Question 15

A liquid is a state of matter that has a ___ volume but an ___ shape because there are ___ bonds between the molecules or atoms within the substance

Answer 15

definite

undefined

weak

Question 15

Correctly fill in the correct information for each characteristic of Solids:

• density: __
• compressibility: ___
• molecular motion: ___
• shape: ___
• volume: ___

Answer 15

For Solids

• density: High
• compressibility: No
• molecular motion: Low
• shape: Fixed
• volume: Fixed

Question 16

___ is the process that turns a solid into a gas.

Answer 16

Sublimation

Question 16

Correctly fill in the correct information for each characteristic of Gases:

• density: __
• compressibility: ___
• molecular motion: ___
• shape: ___
• volume: ___

Answer 16

For Gases

• density: Low
• compressibility: High
• molecular motion: High
• shape: Not Fixed (Indefinite)
• volume: Not Fixed (Indefinite)

Question 16

___ is the process that turns a liquid into a solid.

Answer 16

Freezing

Question 16

___ is the process that turns a gas into a liquid.

Answer 16

Condensation

Question 17

___ is the process that turns a gas into a solid.

Answer 17

Deposition

Question 18

An ___ process is a process that requires an input of energy to happen.

Answer 18

endothermic process

Question 19

An ___ process is a process that releases energy to happen.

Answer 19

exothermic process

Question 20

Phase changes involve the breaking or forming of ___ ___.

Answer 20

intermolecular bonds

Question 20

The process of changing from one state of matter to the other is known as a phase ___ or phase ___.

Answer 20

transition

change

Question 20

Melting is the transition from a ___ to a ___.

Answer 20

solid, liquid

Question 20

When a solid is heated, its particles absorb energy and move around ___.

Answer 20

more

Question 21

At a specific temperature, the intermolecular forces that hold the particles in place are ___, and the substance starts to melt and become a ___.

Answer 21

overcome

liquid

Question 21

Remember from our previous lesson that solids have the ___ intermolecular bonds, which gives them their defined shape and volume. As those bonds break, the substances become more ___ and have less of a defined shape but still a defined volume.

Answer 21

strongest

fluid

Question 22

Melting is an (endothermic/exothermic) process.

Answer 22

endothermic process

Question 23

The point at which temperature remains constant is known as the “___ ___” and is unique for each substance.

Answer 23

Melting point

Question 24

You can measure the melting point of a substance by slowly heating a small amount of the solid and recording the temperature when it turns into a ___.

Answer 24

liquid

Question 24

Freezing is the ___ of melting.

Answer 24

opposite

Question 25

___ is the process of a liquid turning into a solid by releasing heat as intermolecular bonds are formed.

Answer 25

Freezing

Question 26

Freezing is an (endothermic/exothermic) process.

Answer 26

exothermic

Question 27

Freezing is the process of a liquid turning into a solid by ___ heat as intermolecular bonds are formed. This is an ___ process since heat is released as it takes place.

Answer 27

releasing

exothermic

Question 28

The melting and freezing points occur at the ___ temperature.

Answer 28

same

Question 28

___ is the transition from a liquid to a gas

Answer 28

Vaporization

Question 28

The melting and freezing points occur at the same temperature. How is this possible?

Answer 28

Remember, these processes are the opposite of one another. Consider water – its melting point is 32oF, so that’s the temperature where the solid form turns into liquid because there is enough heat coming in to break those bonds between the molecules in the solid. It’s also the temperature at which the liquid would begin to turn back into a solid because the liquid has cooled enough that the bonds between the molecules start to become fixed and stable.

Question 28

Vaporization is the transition from a liquid to a gas by the ___ of heat by the liquid to break its intermolecular bonds.

Answer 28

absorption

Question 28

Vaporization is an (endothermic/exothermic) process.

Answer 28

endothermic

Question 29

Vaporization is an ___ process since the system absorbs ___ to break the bonds between the molecules in the liquid.

Answer 29

endothermic

heat

Question 30

What is the point where a liquid turns into a gas known as?

Answer 30

the boiling point

Question 31

The point where a liquid turns into a gas is known as the “___ ___” and is ___ for each substance.

Answer 31

boiling point

unique

Question 31

Condensation is the ___ of vaporization.

Answer 31

opposite

Question 32

___ is the process of gas turning into liquid by releasing heat as intermolecular bonds are formed.

Answer 32

Condensation

Question 33

Condensation is an (endothermic/exothermic) process.

Answer 33

exothermic

Question 34

Condensation is the process of gas turning into liquid by ___ heat as intermolecular bonds are formed. This is an ___ process

Answer 34

releasing

exothermic

Question 35

In addition to temperature, ___ can also play a critical role in phase changes.

Answer 35

pressure

Question 36

Condensation and vaporization occur at the ___ temperature.

Answer 36

same

Question 37

What is the point at which all three phases of matter exist at the same time?

Answer 37

triple point

Question 37

Temperature has an impact on how much molecules move. The higher the temperature, the ___ the molecules move, and the further apart they go. The lower the temperature, the ___ the molecules move and the closer together they are.

Pressure, however, has the ___ effect. An increase in pressure brings molecules closer together. A ___ in pressure moves molecules further apart.

Answer 37

more

less

opposite

decrease

Question 38

What works in tandem with temperature but has an opposite effect?

Answer 38

pressure

Question 38

At the ___ ___, all three phases of matter can exist in equilibrium (at the same time).

Answer 38

triple point

Question 38

What is the triple point?

Answer 38

the point at which all three phases of matter exist at the same time

Question 39

Is there a liquid phase in sublimation?

Answer 39

No

Question 39

Sublimation is a phase change that occurs in solids with unusually ___ vapor pressure.

Answer 39

high

Question 39

In ___ solid turns into gas.

Answer 39

sublimation

Question 40

Sublimation is an (endothermic/exothermic) process.

Answer 40

endothermic

Question 41

Dry ice (solid CO2) changing directly to gas at room temperature is a typical example of ___.

Answer 41

sublimation

Question 41

Deposition is the ___ of sublimation.

Answer 41

opposite

Question 41

___ is the process of a gas turning into a solid.

Answer 41

Deposition

Question 42

In extremely cold temperatures, when water vapor turns directly into solid ice crystals, such as the frost on your windshield in the winter, this is an example of ___.

Answer 42

deposition

Question 42

___ is the process that turns a liquid into a gas.

Answer 42

Vaporization

Question 42

___ is a type of vaporization that turns the liquid particles at the surface of a liquid substance into a gas.

Answer 42

Evaporation

Question 42

Deposition is an (endothermic/exothermic) process.

Answer 42

exothermic

Question 43

___ ___ is the energy associated with the movement of the particles of a substance.

Answer 43

Heat energy

Question 44

___ ___ is the force exerted by the weight of the air above a certain area of the Earth’s surface.

Answer 44

Atmospheric pressure

Question 45

Evaporation is a ___ phenomenon, which means it only involves the particles at the surface of the liquid.

Answer 45

surface

Question 45

When a liquid turns into a gas before the temperature of the entire liquid reaches its boiling point, the phase change is known as ___ instead of vaporization.

Answer 45

evaporation

Question 45

___ means the entire liquid has reached its boiling point whereas ___ means that only the liquid at the surface has reached its boiling point.

Answer 45

Vaporization

Evaporation

Question 46

As more heat energy is applied to the liquid, the molecules at the surface will move ___ and will transition to the gas phase ___.

Answer 46

faster

faster

Question 46

If a puddle of water is left out in the open, how long will it take before all the water evaporates? What does it depend on?

Answer 46

• temperature
• atmospheric pressure
• surface area

Question 46

If there is a large surface area, it will ___ ___ evaporation since there will be more particles of liquid at the surface.

Answer 46

speed up

Question 47

As the atmospheric pressure increases, more gas molecules will push down against the surface of the liquid, and the rate of evaporation will ___ ___.

Answer 47

slow down

Question 48

___ is the process that turns a gas into a liquid.

Answer 48

Condensation

Question 48

___ is the process that turns a liquid into a gas

Answer 48

Evaporation

Question 49

___ is the falling down of liquid water from clouds in the form of rain.

Answer 49

Precipitation

Question 50

For condensation to occur, gas particles must come ___ together. The forces that hold particles together are known as ___ ___.

Answer 50

closer

intermolecular forces

Question 51

The ___ cycle is the combination of processes that allow for the movement of water throughout the Earth and the atmosphere.

Answer 51

hydrologic cycle

Question 51

The hydrolic cycle is also known as the water cycle. (T/F).

Answer 51

True

Question 51

The most important processes related to the hydrologic cycle are ___ (when water turns from liquid to gas) and ___ (when water turns from gas to liquid).

Answer 51

evaporation

condensation

Question 51

When the condensed droplets become large, water falls down back to the earth in the form of ___ (rain).

Answer 51

precipitation

Question 52

Which of the following states of matter has a definite shape as well as a definite volume?

Answer 52

Solid

Question 53

Which of the following is correct about liquids?

Answer 53

Liquids take the shape of the container that they are kept in.

Question 54

Which of the following can take the shape of the container?

Answer 54

Liquid Water

Question 55

Which statement best describes the difference between the molecular organization of liquids and solids?

Answer 55

The molecules in a liquid are farther apart than the molecules in a solid.

Question 55

Which of the following is incorrect about the gaseous state of matter?

Answer 55

Gases are incompressible.

• Because the molecules in a gas are very loosely packed, gases are very compressible.

Question 55

Which statement best describes the difference between the molecular organization of gases and liquids?

Answer 55

The molecules in a gas are farther apart than the molecules in a liquid.

Question 56

Which statement best describes the difference between the movement of molecules in solids vs liquids?

Answer 56

The molecules in a solid are less free to move than molecules in a liquid.

Question 56

Which statement best describes the difference between the movement of molecules in liquids vs gases?

Answer 56

The movement of molecules in a liquid is more restricted than the movement of molecules in a gas.

Question 57

Which of the following is true about the difference between evaporation and transpiration?

Answer 57

Evaporation occurs in non-living matter and transpiration occurs in living matter.

Question 57

The process of changing a liquid to a gas is called _______.

Answer 57

Vaporization

Question 57

Identify the correct statement about the effect of temperature on the state of matter.

Answer 57

Heat weakens the intermolecular forces between the molecules.

Question 58

Which of the following represents the process of condensation?

Answer 58

Gas → Liquid + Heat

Question 59

Sublimation is a process by which ___________.

Answer 59

Solid is converted into gas

Question 59

The change of liquid water to ice is an example of _______.

Answer 59

Freezing

Question 60

What happens when the temperature of a substance in any state of matter is increased?

Answer 60

The molecules of the substance move further apart.

Question 61

If pressure is applied to a substance in any state of matter the molecules of the substance will:

Answer 61

move closer together and become tightly packed.

Question 61

What happens at the critical point of a substance?

Answer 61

The liquid and gaseous state of the substance coexist.

Question 61

What happens at the triple point of a substance?

Answer 61

The solid, liquid, and gaseous states of the substance all coexist.