TEAS 7 - Science (Immune System) Flashcards
What body system is a complex collection of cells and organs that destroys or neutralizes pathogens that would otherwise cause disease or death?
the immune system
What is the name of the cell that circulates in the blood and contains cytotoxic (cell-killing) granules in its cytoplasm?
Natural killer cell (NK)
Inflammation occurs when ___ are injured by bacteria, trauma, toxins, heat, or any other cause. The damaged cells release ___ including histamine, bradykinin, and prostaglandins. These chemicals cause blood vessels to leak fluid into the tissues, causing ___.
tissues
chemicals
swelling
___ is a compound that is released by cells in response to injury and in allergic and inflammatory reactions, causing contraction of smooth muscle and dilation of capillaries.
Histamine
The ___ are the body’s fast-acting, first line of immunological defense against organisms that have breached barrier defenses and have entered the ___ tissues of the body.
phagocytes
vulnerable
White blood cells are also known as ___.
leukocytes
___ are the most versatile of the phagocytes in the body.
Macrophages
Self-Recognition is the ability to distinguish between ___ ___ (those that are normally present in the body) and ___ ___ (those that might be on a potential pathogen).
self antigens
foreign antigens
What is apoptosis?
death of cells
*normal and controlled part of an organism’s growth and development
How many types of immunity are there? What are they?
2
innate and adaptive immunity
In ___ immunity, our bodies present the same kinds of defense systems for ___ types of pathogens. Friend or foe, it keeps everyone out
innate
all
___ immunity produces an attack against a ___ pathogen. It can identify potential foes and keep them out.
Adaptive
specific
Before birth, the body inventories all of the cells and tissues in the body and classifies them as “___” cells. The presentation of non-self cells can then trigger the immune system. This is known as ___-___.
all
“self”
self-recognition
Pathogens are bacteria or viruses that enter the body and trigger an ___ response.
immune
The first lines of defense are the natural barriers of the body. These include the ___ and ___ ___. Skin acts as a physical barrier and mucous contains lysozymes that help to destroy pathogens.
skin
mucous membranes
If pathogens enter the body ___ ___ ___ are activated to attack pathogens.
white blood cells
White blood cells that ingest pathogens called ___.
phagocytes
What is the process of ingesting pathogens is called?
phagocytosis
list of phagocytic white blood cells:
- Neutrophils
- Macrophages
- Dendritic cells
- Monocytes
- Mast cells
- Eosinophils
What is the most common type of white blood cell in the body?
neutrophils
___ are the most common type of white blood cell in the body, making them a first line to fight infections. The number of neutrophils in the blood will ___ when a person is ill.
Neutrophils
increase
Neutrophil levels may decrease if a person has a ___-___ infection, cancer, an autoimmune condition, or is taking certain medications.
long-term
Inflammation is part of a very basic form of immune response which brings ___ and cells into the site to ___ pathogens and isolates the site, limiting the spread of the pathogen.
fluid
destroy
Inflammation is produced by the release of chemicals from white blood cells called ___ cells. One of these chemicals is histamine.
mast cells