TEAS 7 - Science (Reproductive System)

Question 1

___ are the primary female reproductive organs, or gonads.

Answer 1

ovaries

Question 2

___ ___ are the female structures that transport the ova from the ovary to the uterus each month.

Answer 2

Fallopian tubes

Question 3

In the presence of ___ and fertilization, the uterine tubes transport the fertilized ___ to the uterus for implantation.

Answer 3

sperm

egg

Question 3

The uterus is also known as the ___.

Answer 3

womb

Question 3

The ___, also known as the womb, is a female reproductive organ that is responsible for many functions in the processes of implantation, gestation, menstruation, and labor.

Answer 3

uterus

Question 4

The ___ connects the body of the uterus to the vagina.

Answer 4

cervix

Question 5

Part of the lining of the cervix contains glands that make and release ___. For most of the ___ cycle and during ___, the mucus is thick and stops sperm from entering the uterus

Answer 5

mucus

menstrual

pregnancy

Question 5

___ ___ (Graafian follicles)- are rounded enclosures for the developing ___ in the cortex near the surface of the ovary, providing for the maturation and release of a fertilizable oocyte (ovum). It also forms the ___ ___, which promotes and maintains embryo implantation.

Answer 5

Ovarian follicles

ova

corpus luteum

Question 5

What are the 3 main functions of the vagina?

Answer 5

• provides a passageway for blood and mucosal tissue from the uterus during a woman’s monthly period
• receives the penis during sexual intercourse and holds the sperm until they pass into the uterus
• provides a passageway for childbirth

Question 6

What are the primary reproductive system organs in females?

Answer 6

ovaries

Question 7

The ovaries contain the ___ which mature during the ovarian cycle.

Answer 7

oocytes

Question 8

The oocytes develop by way of a process called ___. During oogenesis a primary oocyte develops into a secondary oocyte.

Answer 8

oogenesis

Question 9

The primary oocyte is diploid, so it contains all ___ chromosomes. As it undergoes meiosis it becomes a haploid secondary oocyte that only contains ___ chromosomes.

Answer 9

46

23

Question 10

In oogenesis, the other 23 chromosomes are eliminated as a ___ body. Here maturation ceases unless fertilization occurs which produces a ___ which again has 46 chromosomes—23 from the female and 23 from the male.

Answer 10

polar body

zygote

Question 11

The ___ ___ connects to the ovary by way of finger-like projections called fimbriae.

Answer 11

fallopian tube

Question 12

The fallopian tube connects to the ovary by way of finger-like projections called ___.

Answer 12

fimbriae

Question 13

the ___ is a muscular organ containing 3 layers which include the outer perimetrium, myometrium layer, and inner endometrium.

Answer 13

uterus

Question 14

The uterus is a muscular organ containing 3 layers which include the outer ___, middle smooth muscle ___ layer, and inner ___ which is the layer that is eliminated during menstruation.

Answer 14

perimetrium

myometrium

endometrium

Question 15

What layer of the uterus is shed during menstruation?

Answer 15

endometrium

Question 16

The ___ is at the tip of the uterus.

Answer 16

cervix

Question 17

The outer vulva contains the ___ major and minor, the ___, the urethral opening, and the vaginal opening.

Answer 17

labia

clitoris

Question 18

The female menstrual cycle begins at ___ and continues until menopause.

Answer 18

puberty

Question 19

During a menstrual cycle, a follicle begins to mature under the control of ___ ___ hormone (FSH) secreted by the ___ pituitary gland.

Answer 19

follicle-stimulating

anterior

Question 20

As the follicle matures, it secretes ___ and progesterone.

Answer 20

estrogen

Question 21

Estrogen and progesterone work to enlarge the ___ and supply it with blood vessels to make it ready for the potential implantation of a fertilized oocyte.

Answer 21

endometrium

Question 22

A mature follicle is called a ___ Follicle.

Answer 22

Graafian Follicle

Question 23

About midway through the cycle, a surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) causes ___ whereby the follicle releases the oocyte from the ovary.

Answer 23

ovulation

Question 24

The follicle remains as a ___ ___ which continues to secrete estrogen and progesterone until it degenerates into a ___ ___ and the levels of estrogen and progesterone drop, causing menstruation.

Answer 24

corpus luteum corpus albicans

Question 25

___ is the primary female hormone.

Answer 25

Estrogen

Question 26

Estrogen is the primary female hormone and works to first develop the female reproductive system in ___ and then finishes the maturation of females during ___.

Answer 26

utero puberty

Question 27

___ is also present in females. Its role is to promote muscle development, bone growth, the development of secondary sex characteristics, and maintaining ___ (sex drive) in both males and females.

Answer 27

Testosterone libido

Question 28

A fertilized oocyte or zygote (single cell) will develop into a ___ (group of cells) that travels through the ___ tube to the uterus for implantation.

Answer 28

blastocyst fallopian tube

Question 29

A large percentage (50–75 percent) of blastocysts fail to implant. (T/F)

Answer 29

true

Question 30

What happens when blastocysts fail to implant in the endometrium?

Answer 30

the blastocyst is shed along with the endometrium during menses

Question 31

The high rate of implantation failure is one reason why ___ typically requires several ovulation cycles to achieve.

Answer 31

pregnancy

Question 32

The outer layer of the blastocyst or trophoblast secretes ___ ___ ___ (hCG) hormone which directs the corpus luteum to survive, enlarge, and continue producing progesterone and estrogen to suppress ___.

Answer 32

human chorionic gonadotrophin menses

Question 33

What is the male genital organ carrying the duct for the transfer of sperm during copulation?

Answer 33

penis

Question 34

The penis consists largely of ___ tissue and serves also for the elimination of urine.

Answer 34

erectile

Question 35

The ___ is the sac that holds testes away from the body to maintain a lower temperature for sperm production.

Answer 35

scrotum

Question 36

What temperature is more conducive to sperm production? Lower or higher temperature?

Answer 36

lower temperature

Question 37

___ ___ is a thick-walled tube in the male reproductive system that transports sperm cells from the epididymis and is where sperm are stored prior to ejaculation.

Answer 37

Vas deferens

Question 38

Where are sperm stored prior to ejaculation?

Answer 38

Vas deferens

Question 38

What is the primary male reproductive organ?

Answer 38

testes

Question 39

The ___ tubules reside in the testes and produce sperm.

Answer 39

seminiferous

Question 40

The ___ is a highly convoluted duct behind the testis along which sperm passes to the vas deferens.

Answer 40

Epidymus

Question 41

What gland sits just inferior to the prostate gland and secretes mucous?

Answer 41

Bulbourethral gland

Question 41

The ___ are the primary reproductive organs of the male system.

Answer 41

testes

Question 42

The testes are the site of ___ production.

Answer 42

sperm

Question 43

Inside the testes are a series of tubes called ___ ___. Sperm cells reside on the perimeter of the tubules and ___ as they enter the lumen.

Answer 43

seminiferous tubules mature

Question 44

The seminiferous tubules allow sperm to move into the ___, which is another tubular structure that ___ sperm prior to ejaculation and helps them to continue to mature.

Answer 44

epididymis stores

Question 45

Sperm then travel to the ___ ___ which is lined with smooth muscle that can perform rhythmic contractions during ejaculation which helps to move the sperm to the prostatic duct.

Answer 45

vas deferens

Question 46

The ___ ___ is located inferior to the bladder and is where the vas deferens connects with the urethra.

Answer 46

prostrate gland

Question 47

The ___ ___ moves through the seminal vesicle before connecting with the urethra at the prostate gland.

Answer 47

vas deferens

Question 48

The ___ ___ is located just posterior to the prostate gland and produces fluids which help to nourish the sperm and the prostate gland produces an alkaline fluid to help move the sperm along.

Answer 48

seminal vesicle

Question 49

The seminal vesicle produces ___ which help to ___ the sperm and the prostate gland produces an alkaline fluid to help move the sperm along.

Answer 49

fluids (semen) nourish

Question 50

The 3 sections of the urethra include the ___ , ___, and ___ urethras.

Answer 50

prostatic membranous penile

Question 51

The ___ gland or ___ gland is located just below the prostate gland. This gland secretes mucous in response to sexual stimulation.

Answer 51

bulbourethral Cowper's

Question 52

The penis contains 2 columns of tissue called corpora ___ and 1 column of tissue called the corpora ___.

Answer 52

cavernosa spongiosum

Question 53

There are deep arteries in each corporal ___ that transport blood during an erection which is under parasympathetic control. The corpus spongiosum contains the ___.

Answer 53

cavernosa urethra

Question 54

Which tissue in the penis contains the urethra?

Answer 54

corpus spongiosum

Question 55

What is the development of sperm cells called?

Answer 55

spermatogenesis

Question 56

During spermatogenesis, a ___ matures under the influence of hormones and becomes a primary spermatocyte.

Answer 56

spermatogonium

Question 57

The primary spermatocyte contains the full 46 chromosomes which is called a ___ cell.

Answer 57

diploid

Question 58

As the primary spermatocyte matures into a secondary spermatocyte during a process called meiosis, each secondary spermatocyte contains only 23 chromosomes which is called a ___ cell.

Answer 58

haploid

Question 59

What is the primary male reproductive hormone?

Answer 59

testosterone

Question 60

What hormones stimulate the production of testosterone by the testes?

Answer 60

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 61

Testosterone is secreted in response to hormones from the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary. The gonadotropin-releasing hormone secreted by the ___ promotes the secretion of follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones from the ___ ___ ___.

Answer 61

hypothalamus anterior pituitary gland

Question 62

Testosterone also feeds back to the hypothalamus to ___ the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, helping to regulate testosterone levels.

Answer 62

inhibit

Question 63

Where are the seminiferous tubules located? What is their function?

Answer 63

testes produce sperm

Question 64

Estrogen, secreted by the ___, functions in the development of female secondary sex characteristics.

Answer 64

ovaries

Question 65

The ___ ___ is the temporary endocrine organ formed after ovulation, which secretes progesterone in preparation for a possible pregnancy.

Answer 65

corpus luteum

Question 66

Which of the following is the process by which gametes divide and produce half the number of chromosomes found in a somatic cell?

Answer 66

meiosis

Question 67

Which of the following organs functions as both the implantation site of a fertilized ovum and the pathway for sperm to reach the uterine tubes?

Answer 67

uterus

Question 68

___ are the primary organs in the male and female reproductive systems. They are the production sites for gametes (sperm and egg cells).

Answer 68

Gonads

Question 69

What are gametes in males and females?

Answer 69

sperm and eggs

Question 70

Gonads in males are the ___, while the gonads in females are the ___.

Answer 70

testes ovaries

Question 71

Gonads produce sperm in males and ova in females, both of which have ___ the number of chromosomes in contrast to other cells of the human body. This is because gametes are produced through ___, which facilitates the cells dividing twice, resulting in half the number of chromosomes as other cells in the body.

Answer 71

half meiosis

Question 72

Testosterone is produced by the ___.

Answer 72

testes