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TEAS 7 Test Prep > TEAS 7 - Science (Reproductive System) > Flashcards

TEAS 7 - Science (Reproductive System) Flashcards

1
Q

___ are the primary female reproductive organs, or gonads.

A

ovaries

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2
Q

___ ___ are the female structures that transport the ova from the ovary to the uterus each month.

A

Fallopian tubes

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3
Q

In the presence of ___ and fertilization, the uterine tubes transport the fertilized ___ to the uterus for implantation.

A

sperm

egg

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3
Q

The uterus is also known as the ___.

A

womb

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3
Q

The ___, also known as the womb, is a female reproductive organ that is responsible for many functions in the processes of implantation, gestation, menstruation, and labor.

A

uterus

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4
Q

The ___ connects the body of the uterus to the vagina.

A

cervix

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5
Q

Part of the lining of the cervix contains glands that make and release ___. For most of the ___ cycle and during ___, the mucus is thick and stops sperm from entering the uterus

A

mucus

menstrual

pregnancy

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5
Q

___ ___ (Graafian follicles)- are rounded enclosures for the developing ___ in the cortex near the surface of the ovary, providing for the maturation and release of a fertilizable oocyte (ovum). It also forms the ___ ___, which promotes and maintains embryo implantation.

A

Ovarian follicles

ova

corpus luteum

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5
Q

What are the 3 main functions of the vagina?

A
  • provides a passageway for blood and mucosal tissue from the uterus during a woman’s monthly period
  • receives the penis during sexual intercourse and holds the sperm until they pass into the uterus
  • provides a passageway for childbirth
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6
Q

What are the primary reproductive system organs in females?

A

ovaries

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7
Q

The ovaries contain the ___ which mature during the ovarian cycle.

A

oocytes

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8
Q

The oocytes develop by way of a process called ___. During oogenesis a primary oocyte develops into a secondary oocyte.

A

oogenesis

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9
Q

The primary oocyte is diploid, so it contains all ___ chromosomes. As it undergoes meiosis it becomes a haploid secondary oocyte that only contains ___ chromosomes.

A

46

23

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10
Q

In oogenesis, the other 23 chromosomes are eliminated as a ___ body. Here maturation ceases unless fertilization occurs which produces a ___ which again has 46 chromosomes—23 from the female and 23 from the male.

A

polar body

zygote

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11
Q

The ___ ___ connects to the ovary by way of finger-like projections called fimbriae.

A

fallopian tube

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12
Q

The fallopian tube connects to the ovary by way of finger-like projections called ___.

A

fimbriae

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13
Q

the ___ is a muscular organ containing 3 layers which include the outer perimetrium, myometrium layer, and inner endometrium.

A

uterus

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14
Q

The uterus is a muscular organ containing 3 layers which include the outer ___, middle smooth muscle ___ layer, and inner ___ which is the layer that is eliminated during menstruation.

A

perimetrium

myometrium

endometrium

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15
Q

What layer of the uterus is shed during menstruation?

A

endometrium

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16
Q

The ___ is at the tip of the uterus.

A

cervix

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17
Q

The outer vulva contains the ___ major and minor, the ___, the urethral opening, and the vaginal opening.

A

labia

clitoris

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18
Q

The female menstrual cycle begins at ___ and continues until menopause.

A

puberty

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19
Q

During a menstrual cycle, a follicle begins to mature under the control of ___ ___ hormone (FSH) secreted by the ___ pituitary gland.

A

follicle-stimulating

anterior

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20
Q

As the follicle matures, it secretes ___ and progesterone.

A

estrogen

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21
Q

Estrogen and progesterone work to enlarge the ___ and supply it with blood vessels to make it ready for the potential implantation of a fertilized oocyte.

A

endometrium

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22
Q

A mature follicle is called a ___ Follicle.

A

Graafian Follicle

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23
Q

About midway through the cycle, a surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) causes ___ whereby the follicle releases the oocyte from the ovary.

A

ovulation

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24
Q

The follicle remains as a ___ ___ which continues to secrete estrogen and progesterone until it degenerates into a ___ ___ and the levels of estrogen and progesterone drop, causing menstruation.

A

corpus luteum

corpus albicans

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25
Q

___ is the primary female hormone.

A

Estrogen

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26
Q

Estrogen is the primary female hormone and works to first develop the female reproductive system in ___ and then finishes the maturation of females during ___.

A

utero

puberty

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27
Q

___ is also present in females. Its role is to promote muscle development, bone growth, the development of secondary sex characteristics, and maintaining ___ (sex drive) in both males and females.

A

Testosterone

libido

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28
Q

A fertilized oocyte or zygote (single cell) will develop into a ___ (group of cells) that travels through the ___ tube to the uterus for implantation.

A

blastocyst

fallopian tube

29
Q

A large percentage (50–75 percent) of blastocysts fail to implant. (T/F)

A

true

30
Q

What happens when blastocysts fail to implant in the endometrium?

A

the blastocyst is shed along with the endometrium during menses

31
Q

The high rate of implantation failure is one reason why ___ typically requires several ovulation cycles to achieve.

A

pregnancy

32
Q

The outer layer of the blastocyst or trophoblast secretes ___ ___ ___ (hCG) hormone which directs the corpus luteum to survive, enlarge, and continue producing progesterone and estrogen to suppress ___.

A

human chorionic gonadotrophin

menses

33
Q

What is the male genital organ carrying the duct for the transfer of sperm during copulation?

A

penis

34
Q

The penis consists largely of ___ tissue and serves also for the elimination of urine.

A

erectile

35
Q

The ___ is the sac that holds testes away from the body to maintain a lower temperature for sperm production.

A

scrotum

36
Q

What temperature is more conducive to sperm production? Lower or higher temperature?

A

lower temperature

37
Q

___ ___ is a thick-walled tube in the male reproductive system that transports sperm cells from the epididymis and is where sperm are stored prior to ejaculation.

A

Vas deferens

38
Q

Where are sperm stored prior to ejaculation?

A

Vas deferens

38
Q

What is the primary male reproductive organ?

A

testes

39
Q

The ___ tubules reside in the testes and produce sperm.

A

seminiferous

40
Q

The ___ is a highly convoluted duct behind the testis along which sperm passes to the vas deferens.

A

Epidymus

41
Q

What gland sits just inferior to the prostate gland and secretes mucous?

A

Bulbourethral gland

41
Q

The ___ are the primary reproductive organs of the male system.

A

testes

42
Q

The testes are the site of ___ production.

A

sperm

43
Q

Inside the testes are a series of tubes called ___ ___. Sperm cells reside on the perimeter of the tubules and ___ as they enter the lumen.

A

seminiferous tubules

mature

44
Q

The seminiferous tubules allow sperm to move into the ___, which is another tubular structure that ___ sperm prior to ejaculation and helps them to continue to mature.

A

epididymis

stores

45
Q

Sperm then travel to the ___ ___ which is lined with smooth muscle that can perform rhythmic contractions during ejaculation which helps to move the sperm to the prostatic duct.

A

vas deferens

46
Q

The ___ ___ is located inferior to the bladder and is where the vas deferens connects with the urethra.

A

prostrate gland

47
Q

The ___ ___ moves through the seminal vesicle before connecting with the urethra at the prostate gland.

A

vas deferens

48
Q

The ___ ___ is located just posterior to the prostate gland and produces fluids which help to nourish the sperm and the prostate gland produces an alkaline fluid to help move the sperm along.

A

seminal vesicle

49
Q

The seminal vesicle produces ___ which help to ___ the sperm and the prostate gland produces an alkaline fluid to help move the sperm along.

A

fluids (semen)

nourish

50
Q

The 3 sections of the urethra include the ___ , ___, and ___ urethras.

A

prostatic

membranous

penile

51
Q

The ___ gland or ___ gland is located just below the prostate gland. This gland secretes mucous in response to sexual stimulation.

A

bulbourethral

Cowper’s

52
Q

The penis contains 2 columns of tissue called corpora ___ and 1 column of tissue called the corpora ___.

A

cavernosa

spongiosum

53
Q

There are deep arteries in each corporal ___ that transport blood during an erection which is under parasympathetic control. The corpus spongiosum contains the ___.

A

cavernosa

urethra

54
Q

Which tissue in the penis contains the urethra?

A

corpus spongiosum

55
Q

What is the development of sperm cells called?

A

spermatogenesis

56
Q

During spermatogenesis, a ___ matures under the influence of hormones and becomes a primary spermatocyte.

A

spermatogonium

57
Q

The primary spermatocyte contains the full 46 chromosomes which is called a ___ cell.

A

diploid

58
Q

As the primary spermatocyte matures into a secondary spermatocyte during a process called meiosis, each secondary spermatocyte contains only 23 chromosomes which is called a ___ cell.

A

haploid

59
Q

What is the primary male reproductive hormone?

A

testosterone

60
Q

What hormones stimulate the production of testosterone by the testes?

A

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

61
Q

Testosterone is secreted in response to hormones from the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary. The gonadotropin-releasing hormone secreted by the ___ promotes the secretion of follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones from the ___ ___ ___.

A

hypothalamus

anterior pituitary gland

62
Q

Testosterone also feeds back to the hypothalamus to ___ the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, helping to regulate testosterone levels.

A

inhibit

63
Q

Where are the seminiferous tubules located? What is their function?

A

testes

produce sperm

64
Q

Estrogen, secreted by the ___, functions in the development of female secondary sex characteristics.

A

ovaries

65
Q

The ___ ___ is the temporary endocrine organ formed after ovulation, which secretes progesterone in preparation for a possible pregnancy.

A

corpus luteum

66
Q

Which of the following is the process by which gametes divide and produce half the number of chromosomes found in a somatic cell?

A

meiosis

67
Q

Which of the following organs functions as both the implantation site of a fertilized ovum and the pathway for sperm to reach the uterine tubes?

A

uterus

68
Q

___ are the primary organs in the male and female reproductive systems. They are the production sites for gametes (sperm and egg cells).

A

Gonads

69
Q

What are gametes in males and females?

A

sperm and eggs

70
Q

Gonads in males are the ___, while the gonads in females are the ___.

A

testes

ovaries

71
Q

Gonads produce sperm in males and ova in females, both of which have ___ the number of chromosomes in contrast to other cells of the human body. This is because gametes are produced through ___, which facilitates the cells dividing twice, resulting in half the number of chromosomes as other cells in the body.

A

half

meiosis

72
Q

Testosterone is produced by the ___.

A

testes

TEAS 7 Test Prep (12 decks)

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