TEAS 7 - Science (Reproductive System) Flashcards
___ are the primary female reproductive organs, or gonads.
ovaries
___ ___ are the female structures that transport the ova from the ovary to the uterus each month.
Fallopian tubes
In the presence of ___ and fertilization, the uterine tubes transport the fertilized ___ to the uterus for implantation.
sperm
egg
The uterus is also known as the ___.
womb
The ___, also known as the womb, is a female reproductive organ that is responsible for many functions in the processes of implantation, gestation, menstruation, and labor.
uterus
The ___ connects the body of the uterus to the vagina.
cervix
Part of the lining of the cervix contains glands that make and release ___. For most of the ___ cycle and during ___, the mucus is thick and stops sperm from entering the uterus
mucus
menstrual
pregnancy
___ ___ (Graafian follicles)- are rounded enclosures for the developing ___ in the cortex near the surface of the ovary, providing for the maturation and release of a fertilizable oocyte (ovum). It also forms the ___ ___, which promotes and maintains embryo implantation.
Ovarian follicles
ova
corpus luteum
What are the 3 main functions of the vagina?
- provides a passageway for blood and mucosal tissue from the uterus during a woman’s monthly period
- receives the penis during sexual intercourse and holds the sperm until they pass into the uterus
- provides a passageway for childbirth
What are the primary reproductive system organs in females?
ovaries
The ovaries contain the ___ which mature during the ovarian cycle.
oocytes
The oocytes develop by way of a process called ___. During oogenesis a primary oocyte develops into a secondary oocyte.
oogenesis
The primary oocyte is diploid, so it contains all ___ chromosomes. As it undergoes meiosis it becomes a haploid secondary oocyte that only contains ___ chromosomes.
46
23
In oogenesis, the other 23 chromosomes are eliminated as a ___ body. Here maturation ceases unless fertilization occurs which produces a ___ which again has 46 chromosomes—23 from the female and 23 from the male.
polar body
zygote
The ___ ___ connects to the ovary by way of finger-like projections called fimbriae.
fallopian tube
The fallopian tube connects to the ovary by way of finger-like projections called ___.
fimbriae
the ___ is a muscular organ containing 3 layers which include the outer perimetrium, myometrium layer, and inner endometrium.
uterus
The uterus is a muscular organ containing 3 layers which include the outer ___, middle smooth muscle ___ layer, and inner ___ which is the layer that is eliminated during menstruation.
perimetrium
myometrium
endometrium
What layer of the uterus is shed during menstruation?
endometrium
The ___ is at the tip of the uterus.
cervix
The outer vulva contains the ___ major and minor, the ___, the urethral opening, and the vaginal opening.
labia
clitoris
The female menstrual cycle begins at ___ and continues until menopause.
puberty
During a menstrual cycle, a follicle begins to mature under the control of ___ ___ hormone (FSH) secreted by the ___ pituitary gland.
follicle-stimulating
anterior
As the follicle matures, it secretes ___ and progesterone.
estrogen
Estrogen and progesterone work to enlarge the ___ and supply it with blood vessels to make it ready for the potential implantation of a fertilized oocyte.
endometrium
A mature follicle is called a ___ Follicle.
Graafian Follicle
About midway through the cycle, a surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) causes ___ whereby the follicle releases the oocyte from the ovary.
ovulation
The follicle remains as a ___ ___ which continues to secrete estrogen and progesterone until it degenerates into a ___ ___ and the levels of estrogen and progesterone drop, causing menstruation.
corpus luteum
corpus albicans
___ is the primary female hormone.
Estrogen
Estrogen is the primary female hormone and works to first develop the female reproductive system in ___ and then finishes the maturation of females during ___.
utero
puberty
___ is also present in females. Its role is to promote muscle development, bone growth, the development of secondary sex characteristics, and maintaining ___ (sex drive) in both males and females.
Testosterone
libido
A fertilized oocyte or zygote (single cell) will develop into a ___ (group of cells) that travels through the ___ tube to the uterus for implantation.
blastocyst
fallopian tube
A large percentage (50–75 percent) of blastocysts fail to implant. (T/F)
true
What happens when blastocysts fail to implant in the endometrium?
the blastocyst is shed along with the endometrium during menses
The high rate of implantation failure is one reason why ___ typically requires several ovulation cycles to achieve.
pregnancy
The outer layer of the blastocyst or trophoblast secretes ___ ___ ___ (hCG) hormone which directs the corpus luteum to survive, enlarge, and continue producing progesterone and estrogen to suppress ___.
human chorionic gonadotrophin
menses
What is the male genital organ carrying the duct for the transfer of sperm during copulation?
penis
The penis consists largely of ___ tissue and serves also for the elimination of urine.
erectile
The ___ is the sac that holds testes away from the body to maintain a lower temperature for sperm production.
scrotum
What temperature is more conducive to sperm production? Lower or higher temperature?
lower temperature
___ ___ is a thick-walled tube in the male reproductive system that transports sperm cells from the epididymis and is where sperm are stored prior to ejaculation.
Vas deferens
Where are sperm stored prior to ejaculation?
Vas deferens
What is the primary male reproductive organ?
testes
The ___ tubules reside in the testes and produce sperm.
seminiferous
The ___ is a highly convoluted duct behind the testis along which sperm passes to the vas deferens.
Epidymus
What gland sits just inferior to the prostate gland and secretes mucous?
Bulbourethral gland
The ___ are the primary reproductive organs of the male system.
testes
The testes are the site of ___ production.
sperm
Inside the testes are a series of tubes called ___ ___. Sperm cells reside on the perimeter of the tubules and ___ as they enter the lumen.
seminiferous tubules
mature
The seminiferous tubules allow sperm to move into the ___, which is another tubular structure that ___ sperm prior to ejaculation and helps them to continue to mature.
epididymis
stores
Sperm then travel to the ___ ___ which is lined with smooth muscle that can perform rhythmic contractions during ejaculation which helps to move the sperm to the prostatic duct.
vas deferens
The ___ ___ is located inferior to the bladder and is where the vas deferens connects with the urethra.
prostrate gland
The ___ ___ moves through the seminal vesicle before connecting with the urethra at the prostate gland.
vas deferens
The ___ ___ is located just posterior to the prostate gland and produces fluids which help to nourish the sperm and the prostate gland produces an alkaline fluid to help move the sperm along.
seminal vesicle
The seminal vesicle produces ___ which help to ___ the sperm and the prostate gland produces an alkaline fluid to help move the sperm along.
fluids (semen)
nourish
The 3 sections of the urethra include the ___ , ___, and ___ urethras.
prostatic
membranous
penile
The ___ gland or ___ gland is located just below the prostate gland. This gland secretes mucous in response to sexual stimulation.
bulbourethral
Cowper’s
The penis contains 2 columns of tissue called corpora ___ and 1 column of tissue called the corpora ___.
cavernosa
spongiosum
There are deep arteries in each corporal ___ that transport blood during an erection which is under parasympathetic control. The corpus spongiosum contains the ___.
cavernosa
urethra
Which tissue in the penis contains the urethra?
corpus spongiosum
What is the development of sperm cells called?
spermatogenesis
During spermatogenesis, a ___ matures under the influence of hormones and becomes a primary spermatocyte.
spermatogonium
The primary spermatocyte contains the full 46 chromosomes which is called a ___ cell.
diploid
As the primary spermatocyte matures into a secondary spermatocyte during a process called meiosis, each secondary spermatocyte contains only 23 chromosomes which is called a ___ cell.
haploid
What is the primary male reproductive hormone?
testosterone
What hormones stimulate the production of testosterone by the testes?
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Testosterone is secreted in response to hormones from the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary. The gonadotropin-releasing hormone secreted by the ___ promotes the secretion of follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones from the ___ ___ ___.
hypothalamus
anterior pituitary gland
Testosterone also feeds back to the hypothalamus to ___ the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, helping to regulate testosterone levels.
inhibit
Where are the seminiferous tubules located? What is their function?
testes
produce sperm
Estrogen, secreted by the ___, functions in the development of female secondary sex characteristics.
ovaries
The ___ ___ is the temporary endocrine organ formed after ovulation, which secretes progesterone in preparation for a possible pregnancy.
corpus luteum
Which of the following is the process by which gametes divide and produce half the number of chromosomes found in a somatic cell?
meiosis
Which of the following organs functions as both the implantation site of a fertilized ovum and the pathway for sperm to reach the uterine tubes?
uterus
___ are the primary organs in the male and female reproductive systems. They are the production sites for gametes (sperm and egg cells).
Gonads
What are gametes in males and females?
sperm and eggs
Gonads in males are the ___, while the gonads in females are the ___.
testes
ovaries
Gonads produce sperm in males and ova in females, both of which have ___ the number of chromosomes in contrast to other cells of the human body. This is because gametes are produced through ___, which facilitates the cells dividing twice, resulting in half the number of chromosomes as other cells in the body.
half
meiosis
Testosterone is produced by the ___.
testes
