TEAS 7 - Science (Nervous System) Flashcards
What do we call the folds on the surface of the cerebrum?
gyri
What do we call the grooves between the folds of the cerebrum?
sulci
What do we call the deep grooves between the folds of the cerebrum?
fissures
The ___ is the area between the cerebrum and brainstem.
diencephalon
The ___ is the portion of the brain in the posterior inferior region that processes information for coordination and movement.
cerebellum
The ___ is the position of joints.
proprioception
What is the specialized area in the brain that helps with the understanding of speech?
Wernicke’s Area
What is the specialized area in the brain that has to do with producing meaningful speech?
Broca’s Area
A ___ is a whitish fiber or bundle of fibers that transmits impulses of sensation to the brain or spinal cord, and impulses from these to the muscles and organs.
nerve
The ___ ___ carries genetic information, maintains the neuron’s structure, and provides energy to drive activities.
cell body
___ are fibrous roots that branch out from the cell body, receiving and processing signals from the axons of other neurons.
Dendrites
The ___ ___ ___ is the processing center of the body consisting of the brain and spinal cord.
Central Nervous System (CNS)
___ are chemical substances that are released at the end of a nerve fiber by the arrival of a nerve impulse and, by diffusing across the synapse or junction, cause the transfer of the impulse to another nerve fiber, a muscle fiber, or some other structure.
neurotransmitters
What are the long threadlike parts of nerve cells along which impulses are conducted from the cell body to other cells?
axon
___ ___ are found at the terminal ends of axons and are typically the sites where synapses with other neurons are found; neurotransmitters are stored there to communicate with other neurons via these synapses.
Axon terminals
___ ___ are the nerve fibers responsible for bringing sensory information from the outside world into the brain.
Sensory nerves (afferent nerves)
Sensory nerves are considered to be (afferent/efferent) nerves.
afferent
___ ___ transmit impulses from the CNS out to the peripheral organs to cause an effect or action.
Motor nerves
Motor nerves are considered to be (afferent/efferent) nerves.
efferent
The ___ ___ ___ is a component of the peripheral nervous system that regulates involuntary physiologic processes including heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, digestion, and sexual arousal.
Autonomic nervous system (ANS)
What are the 3 divisions of the autonomic nervous system?
sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric
The autonomic nervous system is a(n) (voluntary/involuntary) system.
involuntary
A ___ is the junction between two nerve cells, consisting of a tiny gap across which impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter.
synapse
What are the organs of the central nervous system (CNS)?
brain and spinal cord