TEAS 7 - Science (Skeletal System) Flashcards
The ___ is the lining inside of the bone that contains bone cells that allow the bone to grow, repair, and remodel throughout life.
endosteum
The ___ part of the outer double-layered structure on the outside of bones that grow, repair, and remodel bone as well.
periosteum
What are the cells that synthesize the bone matrix and coordinate the mineralization of the skeleton?
osteoblasts
___ are the longest-living bone cells, making up 90-95% of cells in bone tissue.
Osteocytes
___ is the hollow, tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of the bone.
Diaphysis
What is the area of the bone where bone growth takes place?
epiphysis
What are the cells that degrade bone to initiate normal bone remodeling and mediate bone loss in pathologic conditions?
osteoclasts
The skeletal system not only helps to provide movement and ___ but also serves as a storage area for ___ and inorganic salts and a source of blood cells.
support
calcium
How many bones are there in the human body?
206 bones
___ bones have a long longitudinal axis.
Long bones
___ have a short longitudinal axis and are more cube-like.
Short bones
___ bones are thin and curved, such as some of the bones of the skull.
Flat bones
___ bones are found in ligaments.
Sesamoid
___ bones are often found in groups and have a variety of shapes and sizes.
Irregular bones
What are the 2 types of bone tissue?
- compact bone
- cancellous bone
___ bone is bone that is very dense.
Compact
*also called cortical bone
___ bone is bone that looks like a trabeculated matrix.
Cancellous bone
*also called spongy bone
Osteocytes (bone-forming cells) get their nutrients by ___.
diffusion
Compact bone is organized according to structural units called ___ (Haversian systems). These are connected together and form an ___ structure that provides support and strength to bones.
osteons
interconnected
Osteons contain a central ___ (Haversian canal) that serves as a pathway for blood vessels and nerves.
canal
Bone is deposited along concentric rings called ___.
lamellae
Along the lamellae are small openings called ___.
lacunae
The lacunae contain fluid and bone cells called ___.
osteocytes
Radiating out in all directions from lacunae are small canals called ___.
canaliculi