TEAS 7 - Science (Macromolecules) Flashcards
How many macromolecules are there?
4
What are the 4 macromolecules?
carbohydrates
lipids
proteins
nucleic acids
A ___ is a large and complex molecule composed of smaller subunits called monomers. Macromolecules are typically found in biological systems and are vital for various biological processes and functions.
macromolecule
A macromolecule is a large and complex molecule composed of smaller subunits called ___.
monomers
A monomer is a small and relatively simple molecule that can chemically bind with other monomers to form a larger, more complex molecule known as a ___.
polymer
A ___ is a small and relatively simple molecule that can chemically bind with other monomers to form a larger, more complex molecule known as a polymer.
monomer
What are the building blocks of polymers?
monomers
A ___ is a large molecule made up of repeating subunits called monomers, connected through chemical bonds.
polymer
A polymer is a large molecule made up of repeating subunits called ___, connected through chemical bonds.
monomers
___ refers to the process of joining monomers together to form a polymer while simultaneously releasing a water molecule as a byproduct.
Dehydration
What do dehydration reactions release as a byproduct?
water molecules
___ is the process of breaking down polymers into their constituent monomers by the addition of a water molecule.
Hydrolysis
What is added to hydrolysis reactions when polymers are broken down into monomers?
water molecules
___ are organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates serve as a primary source of energy for living organisms. They are classified into three main types: ___ (simple sugars), ___ (two sugar units linked together), and ___ (long chains of sugar units).
monosaccharides
disaccharides
polysaccharides
___ are a diverse group of organic compounds that are insoluble in water but soluble in nonpolar solvents.
Lipids
Lipids play essential roles in ___ storage, insulation, cushioning, and as structural components of cell ___, and include molecules such as fats, oils, phospholipids, and steroids.
energy
membranes
___ are large molecules composed of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds.
Proteins
What are specialized proteins that act as catalysts in biological reactions, facilitating and speeding up these reactions without being consumed or permanently altered in the process?
enzymes
___ ___ are macromolecules crucial for storing, transmitting, and expressing genetic information in living organisms.
Nucleic Acid
Nucleic acids are composed of nucleotide subunits and come in two primary forms: ___ (deoxyribonucleic acid) and ___ (ribonucleic acid).
DNA
RNA
There are two key processes involved in the formation and breakdown of polymers: ___ ___ (also known as condensation) and ___.
dehydration synthesis
hydrolysis
Dehydration synthesis is the process by which ___ are joined together to form a ___, and a ___ molecule is produced as a byproduct.
monomers
polymer
water
During dehydration synthesis, a ___ group (-OH) from one monomer combines with a ___ atom (-H) from another monomer, creating a covalent bond. This bond formation releases a ___ molecule. This reaction undergoes repeated cycles, building a polymer chain and releasing a water molecule with each bond formation.
hydroxyl
hydrogen
water