TEAS 7 Test Prep > TEAS 7 - Science (Scientific Reasoning) > Flashcards
TEAS 7 - Science (Scientific Reasoning) Flashcards
The prefix deka means __________ times the base unit.
10
What does pico (p) mean?
10 ^(-12)
0.000,000,000,001
What does nano (n) mean?
10 ^(-9)
0.000,000,001
What does mili (m) mean?
10 ^(-3)
0.001
What does micro (𝜇) mean?
10 ^(-6)
0.000,001
What does hecto (h) mean?
10 ^2
100
What does deci (d) mean?
10 ^(-1)
0.1
What does centi (c) mean?
10 ^(-2)
0.01
What does deka (da) mean?
10 ^1
10
What does kilo (k) mean?
10 ^3
1,000
What does mega (M) mean?
10 ^6
1,000,000
What does giga (G) mean?
10 ^9
1,000,000,000
What does tera (T) mean?
10 ^12
1,000,000,000,000
1 kilometer means __________ meters.
1,000
Which prefix denotes 1/10?
deci
What does the prefix milli- denote?
1/1000
Arrange the following metrics from the smallest to the largest:
1 meter, 1 centimeter, 1 decimeter, 1 decameter
1 centimeter –> 1 decimeter –> 1 meter –> 1 decameter
Arrange the following metrics from the largest to the smallest:
1 kilogram, 1 nanogram, 1 hectogram, 1 microgram
1 kilogram –> 1 hectogram –> 1 microgram –> 1 nanogram
Which of the following metrics is best used to measure the length of a 3-month-old baby?
Centimeter
Which of the following metrics is best used to measure urine output in 24 hours?
Liters
Which unit would you use to measure the abdominal circumference?
centimeter
What metric would you use to measure the distance between New York and Florida?
Kilometer
What would you use to measure the weight of the liver during an autopsy?
gram
Which metric should be used to measure the diameter of the eye pupil?
Millimeter
Which of the following instruments would we use to dispense 3 ml of fluid?
Pipette
The output of a spring balance would be in __________.
Grams
A meter stick is to meters as a burette is to _________.
Milliliters
The output of a ruler is in __________.
centimeters
Which of the following is an example of empirical data?
Counting the number of eggs in the refrigerator
*Empirical data is based on observation and measurements.
___ data is based on observation and measurements.
Empirical
Which kind of experiments have two control variables?
Double-blind experiments
Why are control groups used in experiments?
To minimize the effect of variables
Which of the following is necessary to reach a sound conclusion?
The collected data must be accurate and free from bias
Which of the following correctly describes a conclusion?
An evidence-based judgment
To determine if tap water was making people sick, scientists asked one group of people to drink tap water for a week and another group to drink only bottled water. The results showed that the group that drank the tap water were sick after a week. What can be concluded from this experiment?
There is not enough information to draw a sound conclusion.
Although it seems likely that the tap water is causing an illness of some sort, there is not enough data linking the water to the sickness. For example, there could be another environmental factor making the people sick that wasn’t accounted for in the study. Additionally, the scientists did not record or control any other aspect of the patients’ diets, so another factor could have caused the sickness.
A double-blind experiment is always more ___ than a single-blind experiment.
accurate
When studying the effects of sunlight on a person’s mood, scientists asked one group of patients to remain outside for one hour and a control group to remain inside all day. At the end of the experiment, 75% of the group that had received sunlight had a better mood. What can be concluded from these results?
There is not enough data to draw a sound conclusion.
This is an example of a poorly-constructed experiment since it relies on self-reporting. The scientists were not present to ensure that the patients actually stayed outdoors for one hour or that the control group stayed inside all day. The scientists also did not account for other possible variables that could affect their patients’ moods.
Which of the following describes a ‘control variable’ in an experiment?
The variable that is held constant
Which of the following is true about control variables?
Control variables are kept constant to help understand the relationship of other variables.
A well-controlled experiment was conducted where researchers noted that a new antibiotic eliminated a bacterial sinus infection. Which of the following can be inferred from this result?
The medication killed the bacteria responsible for the sinus infection.
What would be the appropriate unit to measure the mass of an apple?
Kilograms
The diameter of human hair can be measured in which of the following units?
Nanometers
*A human hair is around 75 microns (abbreviated 75μm) or 75,000nm (nanometers) in diameter.
*Picometers do measure distance, however, picometers represent 1×10−12 m or one-trillionth of a meter. This unit of measure is best used for atomic structures like the diameter of an atom rather than a hair.
Which of the following units is used to measure the human blood sugar level?
Milligrams per deciliter
The weight of an apple will be measured in?
Newtons
A study reports that people who run outdoors have higher rates of skin cancer than people who run indoors.
Which of the following variables seems the most likely to be the connection between running and cancer rates?
People who run spend more time in the sun and are exposed to harmful sunlight more often
People who go to bars are more vulnerable to accidents than people who drink at home.
Which of the following variables seems to be the most likely connection between going to the bar and accident rates?
After drinking alcohol, people become impaired, which might lead to accidents.
If runners have higher skin cancer rates due to time in the sun, what is a variable we could use to test the relationship between running and skin cancer?
Skin cancer rates of people who run at night
A researcher wants to test a new drug that supposedly prevents sneezing in people allergic to grass. What is the independent variable?
Drug
*An independent variable is exactly what it sounds like. It is a variable that stands alone and isn’t changed by the other variables we are trying to measure. For example, someone’s age might be an independent variable.
*In the question, the researcher is testing a new drug and is choosing which test subject receives it. This means that the drug (whether or not it is given to the test subject) is the independent variable.
A researcher wants to test a new drug that supposedly prevents sneezing in people allergic to grass. What is the dependent variable?
Sneezing
*Just like an independent variable, a dependent variable is exactly what it sounds like. It is something that depends on other factors. For example, a test score could be a dependent variable because it could change depending on several factors such as how much one studied, how much sleep one got the night before the test, or even how hungry one was when taking the test.
*Here, the amount of sneezing depends on whether the patient takes the drug or not. This means the dependent variable is sneezing.
We want to measure the effect of different amounts of oxygen on the rate of bacterial growth. What is the independent variable?
Amount of oxygen
*The independent variable (IV) is that characteristic of an experiment that is manipulated or changed by researchers, not by other variables in the experiment. Thus, the amount of oxygen that a bacteria needs will be selected by the researcher, making it an independent variable.
Which of the following is the most likely sequence of events, from earliest to most recent, in the evolution of sponges (organisms with many cells that have different functions)?
single-celled prokaryote, single-celled eukaryote, multicellular eukaryote, colonial eukaryote
*According to biological theories and general plausibility, the oldest among all the organisms were unicellular prokaryotes, then single-celled eukaryotes came into being, and then the evolution of multicellular and colonial eukaryotes happened successively.
In this case, the biomass of grass stands at the bottom of the biomass pyramid since it has the ___ biomass in the chain. In the same vein, the owl sits on top of the pyramid, having the ___ biomass in the chain.
greatest
lowest
Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the origin of life?
I. Formation of protobionts.
II. Synthesis of organic monomers.
III. Synthesis of organic polymers.
IV. Formation of DNA-based genetic systems.
Synthesis of organic monomers, Synthesis of organic polymers, Formation of protobionts, Formation of DNA-based genetic systems.
According to the other above graph, which of the following is a primary consumer?
Grasshopper
*In other words, primary consumers (herbivores) make up the second trophic level. They are also called herbivores. They eat primary producers—plants or algae—and nothing else. For example, a grasshopper living in the Everglades is a primary consumer.
When two plants, A and B, were planted together in a field outdoors, plant A produced vegetables, and plant B produced flowers which attracted pollinators. It was noted that when they were grown apart from each other, plant A did not produce vegetables, but plant B still produced flowers. Which of the following is the most likely reason plant A did not produce vegetables when planted away from plant B?
The insects that pollinated plant B also pollinated plant A
*This question gives limited information as to the growing conditions. We know that when the two plants are planted together, plant A produces vegetables. We are also given the information that plant B attracts pollinators. In order for plants to produce vegetables and fruits, they must be pollinated. When plants A and B are separated, the pollinators likely did not approach plant A. While the other options may be possible, we were not given any information related to them.
Dissolved oxygen (DO) is an important indicator of water quality, and oxygen levels that are too high or too low can harm aquatic ecosystems. A biologist noticed that fish were dying in a local lake and was concerned that the DO levels were too low to support aquatic life due to extremely high temperatures that summer. To measure the DO levels, she brought back several lake water samples to her laboratory to measure the DO concentration as a function of temperature. To do this, she heated several samples of lake water to various temperatures and then measured the DO concentration in each sample. Some samples were kept at the outdoors temperature.
Which is the dependent variable?
Dissolved Oxygen concentration
*The dependent variable is the variable whose change is being manipulated as the independent variable is changed. Thus, the dependent variable is dependent on changes in the independent variable. In this case, the temperature is modified to determine how it influences the DO concentration. Since the DO concentration is what is actually being measured, it is the dependent variable.
Why is it important to keep most variables constant between experimental and control groups?
Keeping most variables constant allows the effects of a single variable to be determined more accurately.
A group of students was studying the effects of drinking 8 oz. of milk at 9 p.m. on the amount of sleep they got. Which is the dependent variable?
The amount of sleep
*In an experiment, the dependent variable is the variable whose response is being measured. The independent variable is changed between control and experimental groups to determine how it affects the dependent variable. Thus, the variable being measured in the scenario above is the amount of sleep after drinking milk.
Dissolved oxygen (DO) is an important indicator of water quality, and oxygen levels that are too high or too low can harm aquatic ecosystems. A biologist noticed that fish were dying in a local lake and was concerned that the DO levels were too low to support aquatic life due to extremely high temperatures that summer. To measure the DO levels, she brought back several lake water samples to her laboratory to measure the DO concentration as a function of temperature. To do this, she heated several samples of lake water to various temperatures and then measured the DO concentration in each sample. Some samples were kept at the outdoors temperature.
Why were some samples kept at outdoor temperatures?
To act as a control group
*A control group acts as a baseline in an experiment to which comparisons can be made. By not heating some samples, the amount of dissolved oxygen at higher temperatures can be compared to this group.
Proper design of an experiment must maximize _______ and minimize ________.
accuracy and precision; bias
Which of the following is a hypothesis?
If a student gets more sleep, they will get a higher test score.
A hypothesis must be which of the following?
Testable
*In order to conduct these studies, the hypothesis must be testable, meaning it must be possible to build evidence for or against the hypothesis to determine if it is valid.
A biologist hypothesized that zebras and horses evolved from the same common ancestor 4 million years ago. Which of the following pieces of evidence most strongly supports this hypothesis?
The genomes of zebras and horses are very similar to the common ancestor
H2O2 is a strong oxidizer that is used to degrade a variety of compounds. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy is a measurement technique that correlates the amount of UV light a substance absorbs with its concentration.
The above is background information, and the information below is the abstract of a scientific paper. Identify the hypothesis.
Pharmaceuticals have been detected in wastewaters worldwide and have the potential to harm both aquatic and human life. Traditional water treatment technologies are unable to remove these compounds from water, so various methods have been developed to degrade these compounds, including oxidation. In this paper, H2O2 is proposed to oxidatively degrade the anti-inflammatory drug, naproxen when it is dissolved in water. UV-Vis spectroscopy is used to measure the concentration of naproxen in water after samples are treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Experiments were conducted to test the influence of H2O2 concentration, reaction time, and temperature on the degradation of naproxen. The results showed that 98% of naproxen could be degraded by 0.25 M H2O2 within 2 hours at 30 oC. Thus, we can conclude that hydrogen peroxide can be used to degrade naproxen in wastewaters.
What is the the hypothesis proposed in the experiment above?
In this paper, H2O2 is proposed to oxidatively degrade the anti-inflammatory drug, naproxen when it is dissolved in water.
Dissolved oxygen (DO) is an important indicator of water quality, and oxygen levels that are too high or too low can harm aquatic ecosystems. A biologist noticed that fish were dying in a local lake and was concerned that the DO levels were too low to support aquatic life due to extremely high temperatures that summer. To measure the DO levels, she brought back several lake water samples to her laboratory to measure the DO concentration as a function of temperature. To do this, she heated several samples of lake water to various temperatures and then measured the DO concentration in each sample. Some samples were kept at the outdoor temperature.
Which of the following is the independent variable?
Temperature
A biologist hypothesized that high humidity environments increased the growth rate of certain bacteria. Which of the following observations refutes this hypothesis?
Higher bacteria growth was observed in the Mojave Desert compared with the Everglades.
*Deserts have low humidities, while the Everglades is a swamp in Florida, which is known for having high humidities. Therefore, a higher bacterial growth rate in the Mojave Desert compared with the Everglades would refute the hypothesis. In the other examples, the environment with higher humidities had the higher bacterial growth rate.
A chemist successfully synthesized an antimicrobial compound and showed that it effectively killed bacteria. The chemist then repeated this experiment two more times. What was the most likely reason for conducting this experiment three times?
To demonstrate the reproducibility of the results
Which of the following is a hypothesis?
A proposed explanation based on observation that is used to conduct further studies.
*Hypotheses are testable statements that are used to guide additional experiments. They are typically based on observations and must be testable, meaning it must be possible to build evidence that either supports or contradicts the hypothesis.
A class of students wanted to assess the effects of coffee on test scores. What would be an appropriate control?
Not drinking coffee during the test
*Experimental controls are used to reduce effects other than from the independent variable. By not drinking coffee during the test, the independent variable (the amount of coffee) would be zero.
Japan’s population has been declining in recent years. For this decline, which of the following must be true?
Emigration + Deaths > Immigration + Births
