TEAS 7 - Science (Physical Properties of Matter) Flashcards
___ ___ is a property that depends on the amount of substance in a sample.
Extensive property
The characteristics that define matter are known as ___.
properties
Extensive property is property that depends on the ___ of substance in a sample.
amount
___ ___ is a property that does not depend on the amount of substance in a sample.
Intensive property
The characteristics that define matter are known as ___. These properties can be ___ or ___, which depends on whether the properties depend on the amount of matter or a substance.
properties
intensive
extensive
Physical properties of matter are any properties of matter that can be ___ or ___. Physical properties include elasticity, mass, volume, color, and temperature.
observed
measured
___ is a measure of the force that gravity exerts on an object.
Weight
___ properties of matter are any properties of matter that can be observed or measured.
Physical properties
There are a couple of ways to determine volume.
First, if the object is ___ shaped, you can multiply the length by the width by the object’s depth.
Second, if the object is ___ shaped you can measure the volume via ___ displacement (using a set amount of water and dropping the object into the water and measuring the difference in the volume of water).
regularly
irregularly
water
___ is a measure of the amount of substance within an object.
Mass
___ is a measure of the amount of space an object occupies.
Volume
___ is a measure of how fast molecules are moving in a substance. The more molecular movement, the ___ the temperature. It’s a measure of the internal energy of the substance.
Temperature
higher
___ is a measure of energy transfer – it’s the amount of energy transferred from one substance to another.
Heat
___ is the measure of the amount of mass per unit of volume. To determine the density of an object, you divide the mass of the object by the volume (D=m/v). It is expressed in terms of cubic unit (such as g/cm3 )
Density
The ___ ___ is the temperature and pressure at which a solid turns into a liquid (and vice versa).
Melting Point
The ___ ___ is the temperature and pressure at which a liquid turns into a gas (and vice versa).
Boiling Point
___ ___ ___ is the amount of heat needed to change the temperature of a unit mass of a substance by a certain unit of temperature.
Specific Heat Capacity
Extensive properties change as the ___ of a substance changes.
amount
Imagine you have a glass of water. If you were to double the amount of water, the volume of the water would also double.
Same with mass – doubling the amount of water would also double its mass
Thus, volume and mass are examples of ___ properties.
extensive
___ properties change as the amount of a substance changes.
Extensive properties
Length, mass, heat, and volume are examples of ___ properties.
extensive
___ ___ do not change as the amount of substance changes.
Intensive properties
Intensive properties do ___ change as the amount of substance changes.
not
Density, temperature, melting point, malleability, boiling point, specific heat capacity, and luster are examples of ___ properties.
intensive
Intensive properties are unique to each substance and stay ___ regardless of the amount of a substance.
consistent
Imagine a small drop of hot oil at a high temperature. That small drop can cause minor burns; however, a large amount of hot oil can cause severe damage. Even though the small drop and the large amount of oil are at the same temperature (___ property), the amount of heat transferred to the skin (___ property) depends on the amount of substance.
intensive property
extensive property
It doesn’t matter how much water you have; the boiling point will always be the same.
The density of water will always be the same, no matter how much you have.
Thus, the boiling point and density are examples of ___ properties.
intensive
___ is a property that measures the space taken up by a substance.
Volume
___ is the ratio between the mass and the volume of a substance.
Density
___ is a property that measures the amount of matter of a substance.
Mass
What weighs more – one pound of lead or one pound of feathers? They actually weigh the same! But which occupies more space? The pound of feathers, for sure! This illustrates the concept of ___.
Even though lead and feathers have the same mass, the ___ dense object will occupy ___ space.
density
less
more
Density is defined as the ratio of a substance’s ___ over the substance’s ___.
mass
volume
For example, if you were asked to find the density of a substance that had a mass of 36.7 grams and a volume of 3cm³, how would you solve it?
Density = 36.7 g / 3 cm³
Divide 36.7g by 3 cm³
Density = 12.233 g/cm³
When a solid is placed in a liquid, it will sink or float depending on the object’s ___ ___ to the liquid.
relative density
The formula to calculate density is d = m/v, where d is the ___ (measured in kg/m³), m is the ___ (measured in kg), and v is the ___ (measured in m³).
density
mass
volume
If the solid has a greater density than the liquid, the object will ___.
sink
if the solid has a lower density than the liquid, the object will ___.
float
For example, the relative density of water is one gram per cubic centimeter, while steel’s density is about eight grams per cubic centimeter. What does this difference in density mean?
since the steel is denser (it has a higher density) than the water, it will sink in the water
___ is the ratio between mass and volume (D = m/v).
Density
Density (D = m/v) means that as an object’s mass increases, its density increases, and as its volume increases, its density decreases.
increases
decreases
A material’s density is always the same, this means it is an ___ property.
intensive
We know that density is an ___ property. If the density of iron is 7.87 g/cm³, this means that any solid piece of iron will have the ___ density of 7.87 g/cm³.
intensive
same
An object’s density depends on its ___.
shape
The density of water is about 1.00 g/cm³, so how could we make iron (a boat) float on top of water?
object density
That’s why boats made of iron are made of very ___ sheets of metal with a hollow space full of air. This makes the object’s density ___ than the material’s density, which means that an object’s density can be modified through its ___ to have a low density, even if it’s made from a high-density material.
thin
lower
shape
Volume measures the ___ occupied by an object.
space
Volume is an ___ property of matter. This means its value changes if and when the amount of a substance changes. So, if the ___ of something changes, so does its volume.
extensive
amount
___ is a property that measures the space taken up by a substance.
Volume
Although we typically talk about the volume of liquids, ___ forms of matter have volume.
all
To find the volume of a regularly shaped object, we can use a mathematical ___.
formula
One useful relationship between different units of volume is the relationship 1 cm3 = 1 ___ or 1 ___ = 1 L
1 mL
1 m3
This means that if we want to decrease the density of a boat made of iron, we need to either decrease its ___ or increase its ___.
mass
volume
If the object has no regular shape, its volume can be determined through ___, such as the water displacement method.
experiments
For example, if we place an object in a certain volume of water, the volume of the object will be the difference between the final and the initial volume (v = vf–vi). This is known as the water displacement method and is used to determine the ___ if an object has no regular shape.
volume
When converting from one unit of volume to the other using cubic units, remember to cube the conversion factor. For example, to convert from 1000 cm3 to m3, we should use the following conversion factor:
1000 cm3 x ( 1m / 100 cm3 ) = 0.001 m3
___ is a property that measures the amount of matter of a substance.
Mass
___ is a property that measures the gravitational force acting on a substance.
Weight
Mass and weight are often used interchangeably, but this is ___.
incorrect
Mass measures the amount of ___ that a substance has.
matter
Matter is anything that has ___ and takes up ___.
mass
space
What are the smallest building blocks of matter?
atoms
The typical units of mass we use are ___ (g) and ___ (kg).
grams
kilograms
Weight is a force that measures the ___ pull on an object.
gravitational
Weight depends on both the ___ and the ___ due to gravity (W=mg).
mass
acceleration
For example, the weight of a box with a mass of 10 kg on planet Earth where W=mg. The gravity on planet Earth is 9.8 m/s2.
W=mg = (10 kg)(9.8 m/s2) = 98 N.
The typical unit of weight we use is the ___ (N), which is also defined as kg·m/s2.
Newton
Mass and weight are the same. (T/F)
FALSE
Weight measures the force of gravity acting on an object, which is equal to the object’s weight.
Mass measures the amount of matter (or atoms) a substance has.
___ ___ is the energy associated with the movement of the particles of a substance.
Heat energy
___ ___ ___ is the amount of heat needed to change the temperature of a unit mass of a substance by a certain unit of temperature.
Specific heat capacity
___ ___ is the amount of heat needed to change the temperature of a substance by a certain unit of temperature.
Heat capacity
If heat energy is removed from a substance, its temperature will ___ accordingly.
drop
If heat energy is provided to a substance, the substance’s temperature will ___ by a certain amount.
rise
If heat energy is provided to a substance, the substance’s temperature will rise by a certain amount. If heat energy is removed from a substance, its temperature will drop accordingly. But how much will the temperature of the substance change?
It depends on the substance’s heat capacity.
Heat capacity is usually measured in J/K or J/°C (where J stands for ___).
joules
Heat capacity is a measure of how much ___ is required to change the temperature of a substance.
heat
An iron handle heats up more rapidly than a wooden one, which means iron has a ___ ___ capacity than wood, so it will require less heat for its temperature to rise.
lower heat capacity
The heat capacity depends on the ___ of a substance.
amount
A heavier substance will require more heat to raise its temperature than a lighter substance, so the heavier substance will have a ___ ___ capacity.
higher heat capacity
But if we want to know the amount of heat required to change the temperature of a substance by a unit temperature regardless of its mass, we’ll need to use the ___ ___ ___.
specific heat capacity
The specific heat capacity is the amount of heat required to change the temperature of a unit of ___ of a substance by a unit of temperature.
This makes the specific heat capacity an ___ property that only depends on the chemical nature of the substance and not the amount.
mass
intensive
___ ___ capacity is usually measured in J/kgK or J/g°C, where the J is a unit of measurement for energy, the Joule.
Specific heat capacity
The equation that relates the heat energy to the specific heat capacity is the following:
Q=mCΔT
- Q is the heat energy (in J)
- m is the mass of the substance
- C is the specific heat capacity of the substance
- ΔT is the change in the substance’s temperature
If 500 g of iron is at a temperature of 20.0 °C, how much heat will be required to raise its temperature to 45.0 °C if the specific heat capacity of iron is 475 J/kg°C?
We must set up the equation relating heat energy with the specific heat capacity to solve this question. Be careful of being consistent with units, so the mass of iron must be in kg (500 g = 0.5 kg).
Q=mCΔT
Q=(0.5kg)(475J/kg∘C)(45.0∘C−20.0∘C)
Q=5940J
If 700 g of an unknown metal requires 6.30 kJ of heat to raise its temperature by 10.0 °C, what is the metal’s specific heat capacity in J/kg°C?
To solve this question, we must convert every unit first to the required ones in the question. This means 700 g = 0.700 kg and 6.30 kJ = 6300 J. Then we need to rearrange the equation to solve for specific heat, as shown below:
C=QmΔT
Given:
Mass (m) = 700 g = 0.700 kg
Heat (Q)= 6.30 kJ = 6300 J
Change in temperature (Δ𝑇) = 10.0°C
Substitute the given values into the formula:
C=6300J0.700kg×10.0∘C
C=6300J7kg∘C
C=900J/kg∘C
So, the metal’s specific heat capacity is 900J/kg∘C
___ is a process by which heat is transferred by direct contact between two bodies.
Conduction
___ ___ is the energy associated with the movement of the particles of a substance.
Heat energy
___ ___ is a condition in which there is no net flow of heat between two bodies.
Thermal equilibrium
A thermometer measures its ___ temperature. By assuming that the thermometer is at thermal equilibrium with the object in contact with the thermometer, we can measure the ___ of the other object.
own
temperature
Now that you know what thermal equilibrium is, what do you think will happen if two bodies are not at thermal equilibrium?
There will be a net transfer of heat.
When two things are in direct contact with each other and they are at the same temperature, it is said that they are at ___ ___. This means there is ___ net transfer of heat energy between them.
thermal equilibrium
no
If things A and B are at thermal equilibrium, and B and C are also at thermal equilibrium, then does this mean A and C are at thermal equilibrium?
Yes
There will be a net transfer of heat when two bodies are ___ at thermal equilibrium.
not
The concept of thermal equilibrium is important because it is the basis for using the popular tool we call ___.
thermometers
Even more, if things A and B are at thermal equilibrium, and B and C are also at thermal equilibrium, this implies that A and C are at thermal equilibrium. This is known as the ___ ___ ___ ___.
Zeroth law of thermodynamics
What are 3 ways in which heat can be transferred?
radiation, convection, or conduction
Conduction refers to the transfer of heat by ___ contact between two static objects.
direct
What is your memory trick for conduction?
Conduction = Con”TOUCH”tion
The faster-moving particles on the hotter object will ___ their momentum to the slower-moving particles on the colder object until thermal equilibrium is reached.
transfer
What is the transfer of heat from the bottom of a hot pan to the food that is being cooked an example of?
heat transfer by conduction
